Ecostat

Government of Kerala	                                                                                                                             	                                 	 	
 
 	
 	
 	
Report On  	Cost of	 Cultivation	 of 	 	
Important Crops in Kerala	  	
2019	-20	 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
Department of Economics & Statistics	 	KERALA	 	2022

PREFACE	 	
 
 	
The  growth	 in  the  agricultural  sector	 is  not  consistent  in 	the  State  as  the  operational  land 	
availability,  high  pro	duction  cost,  asymetrical  seasonality  and  marketing  conditions.	 The 	
contribution of agriculture	 sector to state domestic product is also 	on decline	.   F	ormulating proper 	
support 	price  policies	,  creating  marketing  facilities	 and 	assessing  loss  out  of  natura	l  calamities 	
needs  reliable  data  on  crop  husbandry  right  from  sowing  to  harvesting  stages.  The  major 
components  of  the  costs  involved  are  seed/seedlings,  fertilisers,  labour,  rent,  equipments, 
irrigation  charges  etc.	 In  connection  with  this,  department  con	ducts  annual  survey  on  Cost  of 	
Cultivation of Important Crops in Kerala.	 	
This  report  is  based  on  the 	sample	 survey  on  Cost  of  Cultivation  of  Important  Crops 	
conducted  during  the 	agriculture  year	 2019	-20	.    The  crops 	covered  under  this  study	 are  Paddy  (	 	
autu	mn,  winter  and  summer	),  Coconut,  Arecanut,  Pepper,  Banana,  Tapioca,  Ginger,  Turmeric, 	
Bitter  Gourd	  (autumn,  winter  and  summer	),  Cowpea  (	autumn,  winter  and  summer	),  Pineapple 	
and Cardamom. 	 	
The field work of the survey was carried out 	through 	the Statistic	al Investigator	s posted in 	
the 	Taluk Statistical Offices	 where the scheme is in operation	. The report was prepared in the Cost 	
of  Cultivation  Division  of  the  Directorate  of  Economics  and  Statistics.    The  dedicated  efforts 
made  by  all  officers 	who  associate	d  in  this  survey  at  the  bottom  level  to  collect  data  from  the 	
cultivators  in  regular  intervels,  supervisory  officers 	to ensure  the  data  quality  and  data  tabulation 	
and  processing  team  in  the  Directorate  to	 bring  out  this  publication  are  very  much  appreciat	ed.  I 	
hope the report will be useful to Planners, Policymakers, Researchers and other data users.	 	
 
Suggestions and comments for improvement of this report are most welcome.	 	
 
 
 
                                                                                	                   	 	   	   	 	
Thiruvananthapuram.	 	SAJEEVU 	P.	P. 	
25/03/2022	 	Director

C	ontributors	 	
 
 	
Data Processing and Report Preparation	 	
 
 	
Smt.Lathakumari 	C.	S., Additional Director	 	
Sri.	Preeth V.S	., Deputy Director	 	
Sri.	Jothi J 	Winslow	., Deput	y Director	  	
Smt.	Minimol 	S., Research Assistant	 	
Smt.	Thankom 	S., Statistical Assistant	- Grade I	 	
Smt.	Shaija S 	Nair	., Statistical Assistant	- Grade I	I 	
Sri.	Sivakumar B	., Statistical Assistant	- Grade I	I  	
 	
 	
Software Support	 	
 	
Computer Division, Directorate of Econo	mics and Statistics	 	
 
 	
Data Collection	 	
 	
Statistical Investigators & Supervisory Officers,	 	
Taluk and District Level Officers	, Department of	 Economics and Statistics

CONTENTS	 	
 	
 	
 	 	 	TITLE	 	Page 
No.	 	
Chapter 	1 	1 	General	 	1 	
Chapter 	2 	2 	Results	 of the Survey	 	9 	
 	2.1.1	 	Paddy	-Autumn	 	10	 	
 	2.1.2	 	Paddy	-Winter	 	14	 	
 	2.1.3	 	Paddy	-Summer	 	19	 	
 	2.2	 	Coconut	 	24	 	
 	2.3	 	Arecanut	 	27	 	
 	2.4	 	 Tapioca	 	30	 	
 	2.5	 	Banana	 	33	 	
 	2.6	 	 Pepper	 	36	 	
 	2.7	 	Ginger	 	39	 	
 	2.8	 	Turmeric	 	42	 	
 	2.9	 	Pineapple	 	45	 	
 	2.10.1	 	Bitter gourd	-Autumn	 	48	 	
 	2.10.2	 	Bitter gourd	-Winter	 	51	 	
                                                                                                                             	                                                                                              	                                                                                                                             	                                                                                                                             	      	                                                                                                                             	                                                                                                                             	      	                                                                                                                             	                                                                                                                             	      	                                                                                                                             	                                                                                                                             	      	                                                                                                                             	                                                                                                                             	      	                                           	 	2.10.3	 	Bitter gourd	-Summer	 	54	 	
 	2.11.1	 	Cowpea	-Autumn	 	57	 	
 	2.11.2	 	Cowpea	-Winter	 	60	 	
 	2.11.3	 	Cowpea	-Summer	 	63	 	
 	2.12	 	Cardamom	 	66	 	
Annexure	 	A1	 	District wise Area and Number of holdings	 	76	 	
 	A2	 	District wise cost of 	Cultivation	 	93	 	
 	A3	 	Percentage of Hired Humen	                                                                                                                             	                                                                                      	                                                                                                                             	                                                                                                                             	      	                                                                                                                             	                                                                                                                             	      	                                                                                                                             	                                                                                                                             	      	                                      	
Labour hour to Total Humen	 Labour hour	 	
145	 	
 	A4	 	District wise Value of Product and by 
product	 	
154

Report on Cost of Cultivation of Important Crops in kerala	-2019	-20 	
 
Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    1 	
 	
 	
Chapter I	 	
 	
GENERAL	 	
 
Introduction 	 	
 
Annual  Survey  of  Cost  of  Cultivation  of  important  crops  in  the  State  commencing 	from 	
1980	-81 onwards vide G.O. (Rt) 466/79/plg dated 27/10/1979 .The present report relates to 	
the 40	th round of survey conducted during the agricultural year 2019	-20.	 	
 
The crops covered under the round are given below:	- 	
 
 	
1. 	Paddy  (3 seasons)	 	
2. 	Coconut	  	
3. 	Arecanut	 	
4. 	Tapioca	 	
5. 	Banana	 	
6. 	Pepper	 	
7. 	Ginger	 	
8. 	Turmeric	 	
9. 	Pineapple	 	
10.	 	Bitter gourd(3 seasons)	 	
11.	 	Cowpea (3 Seasons)	 	
12.	 	Cardamom	 	
 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
 	
Objectives	  	
 	 	 	
The  main  objective  of  the  survey  is  to  produce  reliable  estimates  on  pro	duction  cost 	
involved  in  major  agricultural  crops  in  the  State.  Major  perennial,  annual  and  seasonal 
crops are covered in the survey with a breakup of cost incurring during various stages from 
sowing to harvest.	 	
.

Report on Cost of Cultivation of Important Crops in kerala	-2019	-20 	
 
Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    2 	
 
1.3. Period of the Survey	 	
 
 	The peri	od of the survey was the Agricultural Year (July to June) 2019	-20	 	
 
 
1.4. Design of the Survey	 	
 
 	The  survey  covered  all  the  districts  in  the  state  by  considering  taluk  as  a  stratum.  	
From  each  Taluk,  required  numbers  of  investigator  zones  were	 selected	 usin	g  circular 	
systematic sampling method.  Crop wise details and number of zones are given below.	 	
Sl. No	 	Name of crop	 	Number of 	
Zones	 	
1 	Coconut, Arecanut	 	4 	
2 	Paddy,  Tapioca,  Banana,  Pepper,  Ginger,  Turmeric  Pineapple, 
Cardamom.	 	
3 	
3 	Cowpea, Bittergourd	 	2 	
 
Selection of cultivators	 	
 
 	In  selected  Investigator  zones,  list  of  cultivators  growing  paddy  in  the  previous 	
autumn  season  is  prepared  based  on  the  last  year’s  Form  I  Diary  connected  with  the 
EARAS  survey.  From  this,  5  cultivators  who  are  likely  to  be  enga	ged  in  paddy  cultivation 	
during  the  current  year  are  selected  at  random  for  the  study  for  autumn  paddy.    Similar 
procedure is adopted for the selection of cultivators for winter and summer season.	 	
 	In  case  the  cultivators	 who	 are	 selected  for  cost  of  culti	vation  study  in  Autumn 	
Paddy  possess  suitable number  of  plots and engaged  in cultivation  of  other  specified crops 
in  stipulated  area/numbers  will  also  be  selected  for  the  study  for  other  crops  like  Coconut, 
Pepper, Arecanut, Banana, Tapioca etc.	 	
 	If  suffic	ient  numbers  of  suitable  plots  of  other  crops  are  not  available  with  in  the 	
cultivators  selected  for  the  study  of  Autumn  Paddy,  the  required  number  of  plots  growing 
crops  other  than  paddy  will  be  selected  from  the  list  of  wet  and  dry  land  plots  of  the  same	 	
investigator zone during the previous year.  If the selected investigator zone in a taluk does 
not  provide  the  required  number  of  plots  for  these  crops,  another  Investigator  zone  in  the 
same  taluk  will  be  selected  at  random  for  selection  of  the  remaining 	(required)  number  of 	
plots/cultivators for the study.

Report on Cost of Cultivation of Important Crops in kerala	-2019	-20 	
 
Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    3 	
 	
Number of holdings selected for each crops in a Taluk:	 	
 	
1 	Paddy	 	Autumn	 	15 (5 holdings each from one Investigator zone)	 	
 	 	Winter	 	15 (5 holdings each from one Investigator zone)	 	
 	 	Summer	 	15 (5 holdin	gs each from one Investigator zone)	 	
2 	Coconut	 	 	20 (5 holdings each from one Investigator zone)	 	
3 	Arecanut	 	 	20 (5 holdings each from one Investigator zone)	 	
4 	Pepper	 	 	15 (Minimum 2 holdings in one Investigator zone)	 	
5 	Banana	 	 	15 (Minimum 2 holdings in on	e Investigator zone)	 	
6 	Tapioca	 	 	15 (Minimum 2 holdings in one Investigator zone)	 	
7 	Ginger	 	 	15 (Minimum 2 holdings in one Investigator zone)	 	
8 	Turmeric	 	 	15 (Minimum 2 holdings in one Investigator zone)	 	
9 	Pineapple	 	 	15(5 holdings each from one Investigat	or zone)	 	
10	 	Bitter gourd	 	Autumn	 	10(5 holdings each from one Investigator zone)	 	
 	 	Winter	 	10(5 holdings each from one Investigator zone)	 	
 	 	Summer	 	10(5 holdings each from one Investigator zone)	 	
11	 	Cowpea	 	Autumn	 	10(5 holdings each from one Investigator zon	e) 	
 	 	Winter	 	10(5 holdings each from one Investigator zone)	 	
 	 	Summer	 	10(5 holdings each from one Investigator zone)	 	
12	 	Cardamom	 	 	15(5 holdings each from one Investigator zone)	 	
 
 	 	 A holding is to be considered for the study normally if the crop coverage	 is 	
at  least  25  cents  in  the  case  of  Paddy  and  Cardamom,  10  cents  for  Tapioca,  Banana	 and	 	
Pineapple and 5 cents for Ginger, Turmeric, Cowpea and Bittergourd. In case of perennial 
crops like Coconut, Arecanut and Pepper the holdings should have 25 trees/pla	nts of which 	
a minimum of 50% should be bearing trees/plants in the selected holding.	 	
 
The holdings are grouped under three size classes (small, medium and large) for each crop 
on the basis of the area under the crops in the holding as:	 	
 	
Size Group	 	Holding	 size	 	
Paddy	 	Other crops	 	
Small	 	< 0.40 hectare	 	<0.2 hectare	 	
Medium	 	0.40 to < 2 hectare	 	0.20 to < 0.80 hectare	 	
Large	 	 2 hectare	 	 0.80 hectare	 	
 	
 
  

Report on Cost of Cultivation of Important Crops in kerala	-2019	-20 	
 
Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    4 	
 
1.5 Schedules	 	
 	
Schedules used for the survey	 	
 	
Schedule 	-1 	Select	ed Investigator zone	 	
Schedule 	-2 	Summary of Form I Diary	 	
Schedule 	–3 	List of selected cultivators	 	
Schedule 	–4 	General Particulars	 	
Schedule 	–5 	Recorded  cost  incurred  for  growing  the  selected  crop  in  each 
fortnight.	 	
 
 
1.6 Field work	 	
 
 	Fieldwork  was  done	 in  38	 Talu	ks.  One  Investigator/enumerator	 is  posted  in  each 	
Taluk  for  this  p	urpose. 	The  investigators  visited  the  selected  holdings/cultivators  every 	
fortnight/three  weeks/one month/two  month  and  recorded  fortnightly  details  of  agricul	tural 	
operations  in 	schedule  5.  Periodicity  of  visit  will 	vary  according  to  the  type  of  crop.	 	
Periodicity of visit are given below	 	
 	
Sl. No	 	Name of crop	 	Periodicity	 	
1 	Cowpea, Bittergaurd	 	Fortnight	 	
2 	Paddy	 	Three weeks	 	
3 	Cardamom	 	One month	 	
4 	Coconut,  Arecanut,  Pepper,  Tapioc	a,  Banana,  Ginger, 	
Turmeric, Pineapple.	 	
Two months	 	
 
 The fieldwork was supervised by Taluk Statistical Officer/Statistical Inspector at the T	aluk 	
level  and  Deputy  Director/District  officer	/other  district  level  supervisory  officer  at  the 	
District level.   	 	
1.7 Processing and Analysis of Data	 	
 
 	The  data  entry  and  tabulation	 sheet  preparation  were  done  at  Thaluk  level  in 	
DESCAS software.	 The compilation and preparation of	  District	 tabulation sheet were done 	
at  the  district  off	ice  and  the  report  preparation, 	writing  and  analysis  were  done  at	 the 	
Directorate.	 	
 	.

Report on Cost of Cultivation of Important Crops in kerala	-2019	-20 	
 
Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    5 	
 
 
1.8 Method of Estimation 	 	
 
(a)	 Concepts of Cost.	 	
 
Cost  incurred  for  growing  the  selected  crops  are  classified  under,  cost  ‘A’  cost  ‘B1’, 	
Cost ‘B’ and Cost ‘C’ and the analysis of the data is made as:	 Cost 	‘A’	 	
 	
Cost ‘A’	All kind of expenses (paid out costs) actually incurred by the cultivators.   includes:	 	
i. 	Hired human labour	 	
ii. 	Animal labour	 	
iii.	 	Machine labour	 	
iv.	 	Seed/ seedlings	 	
v. 	Farm yard Manure and Chemical fertilizers	 	
vi.	 	Plant protection	 	
vii.	 	Land tax and Irrigation Cess	 	
viii.	 	Rep	air and maintenance charges of implements, machinery and buildings	 	
ix.	 	Interest on working capital	 	
x. 	Other expenses	 	
 
Cost ‘B1’: Cost ‘A’ + Interest on fixed assets (excluding land)	 	
 	
Cost ‘B’:	  Cost ‘B1’ + interest on Fair value of land	 	
 	
Cost ‘C’:	  Cost ‘B’ + Imp	uted value of family labour	 	
 
As  per  the  recommendation  of  the  Expert  Committee	 for  Agricultural  Statistics, 	
instead  of  taking  interest  on	 Landvalue,  Fair  value  of  land  reported  by  the  Land 	
Revenue Department has been taken for calculating Cost B of each cr	op	. 	
 
 
(b)	 Procedure for imputation of values of owned inputs	 	
 	
In  the  production  process,  certain  inputs  from  home  stocks  are  used.    In  order  to 	
estimate  the  cost,  the	 values  of  input  used  out  of  home  stock  are  inputed.  The  procedures 	
used for the imputation of	 values of such home stock inputs are:

Report on Cost of Cultivation of Important Crops in kerala	-2019	-20 	
 
Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    6 	
 
I 	Family labour	 	Imputed on the basis of average wage rate per work hour of 
hired labour.	 	
 	
II 	Owned and 	 	
Exchange human 
labour	 	
 	
The  rate  of  wages  per  hour  for  hired  human  labour  is  taken 
for  imputing  the  value  of  o	wn  stock  and  exchange  human 	
labour	 	
III	 	Owned and 	 	
Exchange animal 
labour	 	
 	
The  charges  paid  per  hour  for  hired  animal  labour  is  taken 
for imputing the value of owned and exchange animal labour.	 	
IV	 	Owned and 	 	
Exchange machine 
labour	 	
The hire charges per ho	ur for machine labour has been taken	 	
V 	Implements	 	
 	
Repair and maintenance charges of implements	 	
VI	 	Owned seed	 	Farm  produced  (house  grown)  seed  has  been  imputed  at  the 
prices prevalent in the investigator zone concerned at the time 
of sowing	 	
VII	 	Farm pro	duced 	
manure	 	
Imputed at the rate prevalent in the zone concerned.	 	
 	 	
 	 	
VIII	 	 
Interest on fixed 
capital	 	
 
Interest  on  the  present  value  of  fixed  assets  such  as  land, 
farm,  building,  implements,  machinery,  irrigation  structure, 
equipments and livestock (only 	draught animals) at the rate of 	
10 % per annum has been calculated.

Report on Cost of Cultivation of Important Crops in kerala	-2019	-20 	
 
Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    7 	
 
IX	 	Interest on working 
capital	 	
 
 	
Interest  has  been  charged  at  the  rate  of  10%  per  annum  on 
the  working  capital,  cash  and  kind  expenses  excluding  items 
in respect of which payments are gen	erally made after harvest 	
(i.e.  rent,  land  tax  etc)  incurred  during  the  period  of 
cultivation	 	
X 	Payments in  kind	 	The  payments  in  kind  have  been  evaluated  at  the  market 
prices  prevalent  in  the  lo	cality  at  the  time  of  payment. 	
perquisites  have  been  include	d  in  the  payments  in  kind 	
calculated at the market prices.	 	
 
 
(c)	 Allocation of costs to different crops	 	
 	
 	
Some  of  the inputs  used for  the  cultivation  of  one crop  are common  for other  crops 	
also.      For  the  purpose  of  computing  the  cost  share  of  individual  crop	s,  the  cost  of  such 	
inputs is apportioned in the following manner.	 	
 	
 
I 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements 	 	
 	
In proportion to the area under the 
crop	 	
II 	Interest on  fixed capital (excluding land)	 	
 	
In proportion to the area under the 
crop	 	
III	 	Interest on land value	 	
 	
Interest on the Fair value of land 
under the crop

Report on Cost of Cultivation of Important Crops in kerala	-2019	-20 	
 
Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    8 	
 
(d) Procedure for valuation of farm assets	 	 	
 
 
I 	Own farm buildings (cattle sheds, storage shed 
etc)	 	
 prices prevailing in the locality	 	
II 	Implements and other machinery	 	
 	
prevalent market prices	 	
III	 	Livestock (only draught animals)	 	
 	
prevalent market prices	 	
In calculating the cost of production of paddy crop in each season the interest on	 fair	 value  	
of land at the rate of 10% per annum for the period of 6 months is taken i	n to account.  The 	
land	 value is estimated at the fair value rate of agricultural land

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    9 	
 	
CHAPTER 2	 	
 	
RESULTS OF THE SURVEY	 	
 	
The  crops  selected  for  this  round  of  study  are  Paddy,  Cowpea  and  Bitter  gourd 	           	
(autumn,	 	winter  and  summer)seasons  and  the 	remaining  crops	 	Coconut,Tapioca,Banana, 	         	
Pepper,Arecanut,Ginger,Turmeric,Pineapple  and  Cardamom  for  the  whole	 agriculture  year.	The  costs  of 	
cultivation  of  crops  are  calculated  under  three  different  cost  concepts  viz  Cost  ‘A’,  Cost  ‘B’,  and  Cost 
‘C’	 respectively.	- 	
2.1.1 Paddy	- Autumn (Virippu) during 2019	-20	 	
 	
For  this  study  details  of  holding  selected  and  area  coverage  are  given  below.  The  data  collected 	
from	 447 	holdings	 according  to  the  size  class  by  covering 	390.97	 hectares  of  land.It  is  observed 	that 	
the average area per holding is 	0.87 	hectares in all classes while area per holding in large size class, ie 	
more  than  two  hectares 	3.64 	hectares.But  in  small  size  class,  ie,  less  than  0.40  hectare  which 	
comprises 	228 holdings	, the average area per hol	ding is only 0.2	0 hectare	. 	
Table 1: 	Area and number of holdings under Autumn Paddy	 	
 
Holding size class	 	Sample Size	 	Area under the crop in 	
the sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
 Average 	Area 	
per holding (ha)	 	
 	
Small	 	228	 	45.40	 	11.64	 	0.20	 	
 	
Medium	 	158	 	122.36	 	31.38	 	0.77	 	
 	
Large	 	61	 	222.21	 	56.98	 	3.64	 	
 	
Total	 	447	 	390.97	 	100	 	0.87	 	
 
Cost of cultivation 	 	
                               	Under  the  Cost  A	 ie;  paid  out  cost  actually  incurred  by  the 	cultivators  40.66	% of  cost 	
incurred  against  hired  human  labour  is  the  highest.M	achine	 labour  cost  shares  12..23%  and  farmyard 	
manure  and  chemical  fertilizers  accounts  to  11.21%respectively.In  holdings  size	 class  less  than  0.40 	
hectare,  cost  under  hired  human  labour  is  more,  ie,  51.27%against  total  cost  under  Cost  A  while  in  size 
clas	s  above  two  hectares,  the  cost  percentage  under  hired  human  labour  is  coming  down  to  46.14%. 	
Similarly per hectare cost difference between large and small size class is Rs16262	/-.

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    10	 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 	
Table 2: Cost of Cultivation per hectare (in Rs.) of Paddy (Autumn	) 	
 
 
Sl 
No	 	 	
Holding size Class	 	
 	
Small	 	
 	
 	
Medium	 	
 	
Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	40945	 	31436	 	22694	 	27536	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	88	 	7 	 	12	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	8828	 	8795	 	7839	 	8280	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	2975	 	3383	 	2895	 	3818	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	95	72	 	7452	 	7258	 	7591	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	896	 	1815	 	3199	 	2493	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	227	 	253	 	182	 	210	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and 
building 	 	
678	 	283	 	18	 	179	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	6330	 	5289	 	4388	 	4973	 	
10	 	Other ex	penses	 	9321	 	9414	 	15125	 	12630	 	
11	 	Total cost  ‘A’ (1	-10)	 	79860	 	68127	 	63598	 	67722	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	2048	 	1272	 	1775	 	1648	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	81908	 	69399	 	65373	 	69370	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	194943	 	177727	 	139554	 	158043	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	2768	51	 	247126	 	204927	 	227413	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	17315	 	8822	 	2769	 	6377	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	294166	 	255948	 	207696	 	233790

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    11	 	
 
Percentage Distribution of “COST A” per hectare of Autumn Paddy 	during   	 	
201	9-20	 	
 	
 	 
 	
Table 3: Percentageof hired h	uman labour hours to total human labour hours	 	
 	
Sex	 	Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	27.23	 	34.58	 	46.71	 	38.35	 	
Female	 	37.45	 	40.45	 	44.63	 	43.58	 	
Total	 	64.68	 	75.03	 	91.34	 	81.93	 	
 
 
If we consider  total  labour hours, 81.93% labour hours sh	ares by the  hired  labour.Out of the hired 	
labour hours,	 43.58% of  labour hours shares to  female participation and 38.35%labour hours shares 	
to male participation.

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    12	 	
 	
Table 4: Cost of cultivation of Autumn Paddy per hectare (in Rs.) during	 	
2017	-18, 2018	-19	 and 2019	-2020	 	
 	
Concept of 	
cost	 	Year	 	Holding size class      	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
   Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	69260	 	57327	 	53886	 	57369	 	
2018	-2019	 	71026	 	60539	 	50452	 	58545	 	
201	9-20	20	 	79860	 	68127	 	63598	 	67722	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	250470	 	243772	 	182836	 	21	5638	 	
2018	-2019	 	300016	 	269106	 	264888	 	273141	 	
201	9-20	20	 	276851	 	247126	 	204927	 	227413	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	264872	 	252470	 	186811	 	222887	 	
2018	-2019	 	316953	 	277939	 	267534	 	281057	 	
201	9-20	20	 	294166	 	255948	 	207696	 	233790	 	
Cost of cultivation of Autumn Paddy per he	ctare (in Rs.) 	- during	 	
2017	-2018, 2018	-19 and 2019	-20	 	
 	
 
 
The last three years data shows a slight fluctuation in cost of paddy cultivation in the state. Cost A per 
hectre of Autumn Paddy in 20	19	-20	 is increased by Rs	 9177	 as compared to cost in 201	8-19	.

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    13	 	
 
Cost of Production of P	addy per quintal	 	
  
Cost  of  production  of  paddy  per  quintal  is  estimated  by  dividing  the  cost  of  cultivation  per 	
hectare  (after  deducting  the  value  of  by	-product  per  hectare  from  the  cost  of  cultivation  per  hectare) 	
by  the  quantity	 of  paddy  produced  per  hectare.    The  survey  results  show  that  during 	2019	-20	 for 	
producing  one  quintal  of  paddy  Rs.	1906	/- has	 been  expended  by  the  farmer  when  Cost  ‘A’  is 	
considered. Details are given below:	 	
 	
Table 5: Per Quintal Cost (In Rs.) of Productio	n of Autumn Paddy during 	 	
201	7-18, 2018	-19 and	 201	9-20	 	
Concept of 	
cost	 	Year	 	Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	2244	 	1866	 	1762	 	1866	 	
2018	-2019	 	1084	 	1559	 	2384	 	1588	 	
201	9-20	20	 	2223	 	1911	 	1795	 	1906	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	7898	 	7544	 	5498	 	6586	 	
2018	-2019	 	4580	 	6931	 	12517	 	7410	 	
2019	-2020	 	7742	 	6933	 	5785	 	6400	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	8347	 	7808	 	5613	 	6802	 	
2018	-2019	 	4838	 	7158	 	12642	 	7624	 	
201	9-20	20	 	8226	 	7180	 	5863	 	6224	 	
 
 Value of out put	 	
Details  of  product  and  by	-product 	per  hectare  in	 Au	tumn  P	addy  during  the  last  three  years  are 	
given below.	 	
Table 	6: Value of product and by	-product per hectare	 (in Rs.) of Autumn P	addy during	 	
201	7-18	, 2018	-19	and 	2019	-20	 	
 	
Year	 	
Product/ 	 	
By product	 	
Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
2017	-2018	 	
Paddy	 	74676	 	75591	 	80860	 	77976	 	
Straw	 	14800	 	9607	 	3896	 	7614	 	
Total	 	89476	 	85198	 	84756	 	85591	 	
2018	-2019	 	
Paddy	 	68468	 	61478	 	53682	 	59732	 	
Straw	 	15259	 	13023	 	5006	 	10319	 	
Total	 	83727	 	74501	 	58688	 	70051	 	
2019	-2020	 	
Paddy	 	85939	 	89923	 	92270	 	92662	 	
Straw	 	20152	 	10724	 	6365	 	9316	 	
Total	 	106091	 	100647	 	98635	 	101978

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    14	 	
 
       	Per hectare value of product and by product in Autumn season shows 	an increasing trend during 	 	
       	201	9-20	 when  compared to last  year. The value of product is 	increased	 from Rs 	59732	 to 	
         	Rs	 92662	 where	 as the value of straw is 	decreased	. 	
VALUE	 OF 	 PRODUCT AND BY	 PRODUCT PER HECTARE OF AUTUMN PADDY 	 	
DURING 2017	-201	8, 2018	-201	9&2019	-20	 	
 	 
 	
2.1.2 Paddy	-Winter	 (Mundakan) during	 2019	-20	 	
 	 	
                      	During  201	9-20	 cost  of  cultivation	 study  on  winter  paddy  was  conducted  in 	524	 	
holdings  according  the  size  class  by  covering 	531.06 	hectare  of  land.The  average  area  per  holding 	
during  the  season  under  study  is 	1.01 	hectare.In  winter  season  area  per  holding  in  large  size  class  is 	
4.53	 hectar	e and in small size class it is only 0.2	3 hectare, area per holding is increased	 slightly	 when 	
compared to autumn season.	 	
                                	Table 7: Area and number of holdings under Winter Paddy 	 	
Holding size class	 	Sample Size	 	Area under the	 crop in 	
the sample (ha)	 	Percentage  Area	 	 Average 	Area 	
per holding (ha)	 	
 	
Small	 	235	 	53.57	 	10.09	 	0.23	 	
 	
Medium	 	224	 	183.13	 	34.48	 	0.82	 	
 	
Large	 	65	 	294.36	 	55.43	 	4.53	 	
 	
Total	 	524	 	531.06	 	100	 	1.01

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    15	 	
 
 
Cost of Cultivation	 	
 	In  Cost  A,  the  paid  out  cost  actually  incu	rred  by  the  cultivator,  the  major  share  of  the  cost 	
component was hired human labour. It constitutes 43.22% per cent. Another two major contributing factor 
in  cost  are  machine  labour  and  other  expences  which  constitutes11.68%  and  21.17%  respectively. 
Farmy	ard  manure  and  chemical  fertilizers  accounts  were	 9.96%.  By  considering  the  various  cost 	
component of winter	- paddy cultivation of total Cost A	, it	 can be seen that per hectare cost for cultivating 	
paddy is Rs.74401/	-.Considerable variation in hired human 	labour component is reported in winter season 	
during  2019	-20  when  small  and  large  size  classes  are  compared.  Cost  difference  in  human  hired  labour 	
between small and large size class is Rs11493/.	 	
Table 8: Cost of cultivation per hectare (in Rs.) of Paddy (W	inter	 	
 
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Holding size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	42040	 	31857	 	30547	 	32158	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	66	 	 	23	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	9129	 	9168	 	8306	 	8687	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	2991	 	3508	 	3055	 	3205	 	
5 	Farmyard  manure  and  chemical 
fertilizers	 	9708	 	7930	 	6669	 	7411	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	1037	 	1574	 	1523	 	1492	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation Cess	 	240	 	212	 	169	 	191	 	
8 	Repair  and  maintenance  charges 
of  implements,  machinery  and 
building 	 	
840	 	185	 	67	 	186	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	6491	 	5410	 	5010	 	529	7 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	10330	 	11524	 	19366	 	15751	 	
11	 	Total Cost ‘A’ (1	-10)	 	82806	 	71434	 	74712	 	74401	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	4922	 	1929	 	2116	 	2335	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	87728	 	73363	 	76828	 	76736	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	181697	 	183066	 	149432	 	164285	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	269425	 	256429	 	226260	 	241021	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household 
labour	 	18183	 	10194	 	4141	 	7645	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	287608	 	266623	 	230401	 	248666

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    16	 	
 
 
Percentage Distribution of “COST A” per hectare of WinterPaddy	 	
During	201	9- 2020	 	
 	
 
 	
The following table reveals the percentage of hired human labour	 hours	 to total human labour 	
hour	s. 	 	
Table	 9: 	Percentage of hired human labour hours to total human labour hours	 	
 	
Sex	 	
Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	27.57	 	29.24	 	53.62	 	40.24	 	
Female	 	36.23	 	36.97	 	42.8	 	38.31	 	
Total	 	63.8	 	66.21	 	96.42	 	78.55

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    17	 	
 	
 	
Table 	10	: Cost of	 cultivation	 of Winter	 Paddy per hectare (in Rs) 	during	, 2017	-2018,	 	
2018	-2019and 2019	-2020	 	
 
Conce	pt 	
of cost	 	Year	 	Holding Size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	68931	 	65436	 	58108	 	61663	 	
2018	-2019	 	78595	 	71568	 	68523	 	70626	 	
2019	-2020	 	82806	 	71434	 	74712	 	74401	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	239922	 	261675	 	207200	 	228859	 	
2018	-2019	 	229950	 	250330	 	244144	 	244575	 	
201	9-20	20	 	269425	 	256429	 	226260	 	241021	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	257979	 	270704	 	211905	 	236449	 	
2018	-2019	 	247661	 	259718	 	248473	 	252027	 	
2019	-2020	 	287608	 	266623	 	230401	 	248666	 	
 
The  result  of  the  survey  shows  an	 increase  of	 5.34 	percentage  of  cost  du	ring  201	9-20 	from  the  year 	
201	8-19.Also  the  bottom  size  class  (small)  the  cost 	increased  by 	5.35 	percentage  during  the  same 	
period.	 	
 COST OF	 CULTIVATION PER HECTARE OF WINTER PADDY DURING	 	
2017	-18, 2018	-19& 2019	-20

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    18	 	
 
 
Cost of production of Winter Paddy	 	
 	
Ta	ble 11: Per Quintal Cost (in Rs.) of production of Winter Paddy during	 	
2017	-18, 2018	-19& 2019	-20	 	
 
Concept of cost	 	Year	 	Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	1214	 	1250	 	1527	 	1382	 	
2018	-2019	 	2031	 	1745	 	1436	 	1585	 	
2019	-2020	 	10	29	 	1778	 	1846	 	1675	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	4100	 	4779	 	4898	 	4751	 	
2018	-2019	 	5942	 	6105	 	5115	 	5490	 	
2019	-2020	 	3349	 	6382	 	5590	 	5428	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	4404	 	4941	 	5004	 	4904	 	
2018	-2019	 	6400	 	6334	 	5205	 	5657	 	
2019	-2020	 	3575	 	6636	 	5693	 	5600	 	
 
 
Value of Output	 	
 	
Table 12: 	Value of Product and By	 product per hectare (in Rs) of	 Winter Paddy during 	 	
2017	-18, 2018	-19 and 2019	-20	 	
 	
Year	 	Product/ 	 	
By product	 	
Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
2017	-2018	 	
Paddy	 	75404	 	95353	 	93349	 	91975	 	
Straw	 	20065	 	18401	 	10811	 	14356	 	
Total	 	95469	 	113754	 	104160	 	106331	 	
2018	-2019	 	
Paddy	 	89851	 	99122	 	119084	 	109374	 	
Straw	 	23589	 	18359	 	10874	 	14709	 	
Total	 	113440	 	117481	 	129958	 	124083	 	
2019	-2020	 	
Paddy	 	99042	 	104241	 	107680	 	105623	 	
Straw	 	22301	 	14373	 	11470	 	13563	 	
Total	 	121343	 	118614	 	119150	 	119186	 	
 
Compared  to  autumn  201	9-20	 value  of  product  and  by  product  per  hectre    increased  marginally 	
during  winter  season.Similarly  per  hectare  value  of  product  and  by  product 	decreased	 by 	3.94	 	
percentage in 201	9-20	 winter season against the	 value of 201	8-19 in 	the same season	.

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    19	 	
 	
Value of 	Product and By	 product per hectare (in Rs) of Winter Paddy during 201	7-18	, 	
2018	-19 and 2019	-20	 	
 	
 
2.1.3	 	Paddy 	- Summer (Puncha) during 2019	-20	 	
 	           	 	
                             	 For the cost of cultivation study on summer paddy 	during 	2019	-20 	the total number 	
of holdings selected was	 458	. Number of holdings selected in large holding size is 	72	. The details of	 	
these holdings are presented below:	 	
Table 13: Area and number of holdings under Summer Paddy 	 	
Holding size class	 	Sample Si	ze 	Area under the crop 
in the sample (ha)	 	
Percentage	 	Average 	Area per 	
holding (ha)	 	
Small	 	196	 	43.42	 	8.41	 	0.22	 	
Medium	 	190	 	167.77	 	32.50	 	0.88	 	
Large	 	72	 	304.96	 	59.08	 	4.24	 	
Total	 	458	 	516.15	 	100	 	1.13	 	
 	 	
                 	The above table reveals that the total ar	ea under cultivation in the selected sample holdings 	
covers  to 	516.15	 hectares  and  the  average  size  of  a  holding  is 	1.13	hectare.In  the  large  size  class  the 	
average  area  per  holding  is 	4.24	 hectare  where  as  in  small  size  class  area  per holding  is  0.2	2 hecta	re 	
only.

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    20	 	
 
 
 
 
Cost of Cultivation	 	
 
Cost  of  cultivation  of  summer  paddy  per  hectare  is  estimated  as  Rs.	68703	/- when  cost  ‘A’  is 	
considered. Component wise holding size class details are presented below:	 	
 	
Table 14: Cost of Cultivation per hectare (in Rs.) of P	addy (Summer)	 	
 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Holding size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	42159	 	28099	 	22380	 	25903	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	58	 	 	 	5 	
3 	Machine labour	 	10102	 	8437	 	8280	 	8484	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	4673	 	3519	 	3491	 	3600	 	
5 	Farmyard  manure  and  ch	emical 	
fertilizers	 	9260	 	8056	 	7341	 	7735	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	1119	 	1808	 	3250	 	2602	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation Cess	 	587	 	503	 	611	 	574	 	
8 	Repair  and  maintenance  charges  of 
implements,  machinery  and 
building 	 	
726	 	395	 	82	 	238	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	6737	 	4992	 	4474	 	4833	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	10183	 	12084	 	16831	 	14729	 	
11	 	Total Cost ‘A’ (1	-10)	 	85604	 	67893	 	66740	 	68703	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	3579	 	2444	 	1431	 	1941	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	89183	 	70337	 	68171	 	70644	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	160943	 	150401	 	100168	 	121608	 	
15 	Cost ‘B’ (13+14)	 	250126	 	220738	 	168339	 	192252	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	20862	 	9523	 	5487	 	8092	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	270988	 	230261	 	173826	 	200344	 	
 
Out  of  the  total  cost  incurred  for  crop  husbandry  more  than 	37.70	 percent  cost  goes  to  human 	
labour	component.Similarly  compare  to  winter  season  a  slight  decrease  in  total  cost  A  during  the 	
summer season is reported.

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    21	 	
 
 	 	
Percentage Distribution of “COST A” per hectare of Summer Paddy 	 	
D	uring	 2019	-20	 	
 	
 
In summer paddy cultivation	 hired	 female labour	parti	cipation accounted as 39.35	 % and that of male 	
labour participation is 	37.87	% to the total	 labour hours. Details are give	n below:	 	
Table 15: Percentage of hired human labour hours to total human labour hours	 	
 
Sex	 	
Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All 	Sizes	 	
Male	 	25.75	 	32.2	 	46.43	 	37.87	 	
Female	 	36.35	 	39.7	 	38.87	 	39.35	 	
Total	 	62.1	 	71.9	 	85.3	 	77.22

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    22	 	
 	
Table 16: Cost of Cultivation of Summer Paddy per hectare (in Rs) during	 2017	-18, 2018	-2019 	
and2019	-2020	 	
 	
Concept of 	
cost	 	
 	
Year	 	
Holding Size class	 	
Small	 	Me	dium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	73240	 	61344	 	52722	 	57200	 	
2018	-2019	 	81071	 	74220	 	65971	 	69235	 	
2019	-2020	 	85604	 	67893	 	66740	 	68703	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	253692	 	230215	 	191054	 	208687	 	
2018	-2019	 	258577	 	228284	 	194920	 	208267	 	
2019	-2020	 	250126	 	220738	 	168339	 	192252	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	272568	 	238358	 	193652	 	214438	 	
2018	-2019	 	279185	 	238230	 	198552	 	214828	 	
2019	-2020	 	270988	 	230261	 	173826	 	200344	 	
 	
COST OF CULTIVATION PER HECTARE OF SUMMER PADDY DURING	 	
            	                                                   	  2017	-18, 2018	-19& 2019	-20

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    23	 	
 
Value of Output	 	
 
Table 17: Per Quintal Cost (in Rs.) of production of Summer Paddy during, 2017	-18, 2018	-19 and 	
2019	-2020	 	
 Concept of 	
cost	 	Year	 	Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	988	 	1681	 	1091	 	1216	 	
2018	-2019	 	1869	 	1558	 	1406	 	1479	 	
2019	-2020	 	2068	 	1600	 	1424	 	1528	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	3319	 	6006	 	3656	 	4162	 	
2018	-2019	 	5960	 	4793	 	4153	 	4449	 	
2019	-2020	 	6044	 	5203	 	3591	 	4275	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	3563	 	6215	 	3704	 	4274	 	
2018	-2019	 	6435	 	5002	 	4231	 	4265	 	
201	9-20	20	 	6548	 	5428	 	3708	 	4128	 	
 
Above  table    reveals    that  for  producing  one  quintal  of  paddy  in  summer  season  an  amount  of 
Rs	1528	/- is  required  when  cost  ‘A’  is  considered.  Per  hectare  value  of  paddy  produced  during  the 	
season is calculated as 	Rs.121326	/- an	d the value of by	-product viz. straw is estimated as 	Rs.8242/	- 	
Table 18: Value of Product and by product per hectare (in Rs) of Summer Paddy during 	 	
2017	-18, 2018	-19 and 2019	-20	 	
 	
Year	 	Product/ 	 	
By product	 	
Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
2017	-2018	 	Paddy	 	81508	 	85151	 	89743	 	87596	 	
 	Straw	 	18582	 	10537	 	5278	 	8079	 	
 	Total	 	100090	 	95688	 	95021	 	95675	 	
2018	-2019	 	Paddy	 	102291	 	117584	 	117075	 	115989	 	
 	Straw	 	18150	 	11795	 	6982	 	9079	 	
 	Total	 	120441	 	129379	 	124057	 	125068	 	
2019	-2020	 	Paddy	 	104690	 	110615	 	129587	 	1213	26	 	
 	Straw	 	21380	 	10187	 	5301	 	8242	 	
 	Total	 	126070	 	120802	 	134888	 	129568

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    24	 	
 	
Value of Product and By	 product per hectare (in Rs) of Summer Paddy during 	201	7-18	, 	
2018	-19 and 2019	-20	 	
 	
 	
2.2	 Coconut	 during 201	9-20	 	
 	 	The  area  as  well  as  production  of  coconut  in  the  state	 has  been  declining.  The  data 	
regarding  the  cost  of  cultivation  of  Coconut  is  significant.As  there  is  a  general  feeling  among  the 
cultivators that the profitability of the crop is decreasing due to the prevelance of high cost involved to the 
cultivation.To	 conduct the study 	760	 sample  holdings selected  in  the  state  from  the  different  holding  size 	
classes,  the  average  area  per  holding  was  0.4	1hectare.Details  of  the  study  conducted  during  201	9-20 	are 	
presented below.	 
Table 19: Area and number of holdings unde	r Coconut cultivation	 	
 
Holding size class	 	Sample Size	 	Area under 	crop	 in the 	
sample (ha)	 	
Percentage	 	 Average 	Area 	
per holding (ha)	 	
Small	 	278	 	40.01	 	12.88	 	0.14	 	
Medium	 	377	 	142.7	 	45.94	 	0.38	 	
Large	 	105	 	127.9	 	41.18	 	1.22	 	
Total	 	760	 	310.61	 	100	 	0.41

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    25	 	
 
 
Cost of Cu	ltivation	 	
 
 	Cost per hectare for cultivating coconut during 201	9-20	 was	 Rs77584	/- excluding interest on fixed 	
capital, land value and value of household labour.Out of this 	62.21	% of total cost is for the component of 	
hired human labour and 	21.73	% for farmy	ard manure and chemical fertilizer	. 	
 	
Table 20: 	Cost of Cultivation per hectare (in Rs.) of Coconut	 	
 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	
Holding size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	47176	 	48884	 	47913	 	48264	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	70	 	375	 	1365	 	743	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	397	 	524	 	1028	 	715	 	
5 	Farmyard  manure  and  chemical 
fertilizers	 	17216	 	17508	 	16025	 	16860	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	 	 	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation Cess	 	380	 	397	 	390	 	392	 	
8 	Repair  and  maintenance  charges  of 
implements,  machinery  and 
buil	ding 	 	793	 	354	 	285	 	382	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	6486	 	6729	 	6633	 	6658	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	3669	 	3382	 	3749	 	3570	 	
11	 	Total Cost  ‘A’ (1	-10)	 	76187	 	78153	 	77388	 	77584	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	3630	 	3574	 	7349	 	5136	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	79817	 	81727	 	84737	 	827	20	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	432450	 	442207	 	454230	 	445901	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	512267	 	523934	 	538967	 	528621	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	16424	 	11254	 	6280	 	9872	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	528691	 	535188	 	545247	 	538493

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    26	 	
 	
 
 	
Percentage Distribution of “COST A” 	per hectare of Coconut during 2019	-20	 	
 	
The  following  table  reveals  the  percentage  distribution  of  hired  human  labour  hours  to  the  total 	
human  labourhours.The  percentage  shares  of  female  participation  in  total  human  labourhours  are	 8.2 	
percentage.	 
Table 21	: Percentage of hired human labour hours to the total human labour hours   	 	
 
Sex	 	Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	64.97	 	69.57	 	71.64	 	69.66	 	
Female	 	11.44	 	17.72	 	29.33	 	8.2	 	
Total	 	76.41	 	87.29	 	100.97	 	77.86

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    27	 	
 
 
 
Table 22: Cost of cultivation	 of Coconut per hectare (in Rs.) during 	2017	-18, 2018	-19&	 	
2019	-20	 	
 	
Concept 
of cost	 	
Year	 	
Holding Size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	68898	 	68744	 	68054	 	68434	 	
2018	-2019	 	73347	 	74291	 	75067	 	74536	 	
2019	-2020	 	76187	 	78153	 	77388	 	77584	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	616350	 	680508	 	547301	 	608168	 	
2018	-2019	 	583856	 	640556	 	472187	 	558313	 	
2019	-2020	 	512267	 	523934	 	538967	 	528621	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	633636	 	691776	 	553435	 	617780	 	
2018	-2019	 	600149	 	652331	 	478105	 	567948	 	
2019	-2020	 	528691	 	535188	 	545247	 	538493	 	
 	
Value of output	 	
 	
Table 23: Value of Output per hectare (in Rs) of Coconut 	 	
 
Product/By	-	
product	 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Product	 	143382	 	158557	 	164164	 	158910	 	
By	-Product	 	1679	 	2154	 	3651	 	2710	 	
Total	 	145061	 	160711	 	167815	 	161620	 	
 
The  s	tudy  reveals  that  the  value  of  output  is  Rs	161620	/- per  hectare  were  as  the  cost  of  cultivation  per 	
hectare is Rs	77584/	-. 	
2.3	 Arecanut during 2019	-20	 	
 	Arecanut  is  one  among  the  cash crops  cultivating  in  the  state.Similar to  some other crops  the 	
area  of  this  cr	op	 is shrinking  on  varied  reason  especially  the  cost  of  cultivation.  For  this  study 	754 	
sample  holding  were  selected  under  three  holdings  size  classes  namely  small,  medium  and  large.The 
average  area  per  holding was0.1	4 hectare  and the total area  under  the 	crop  in  the  sample  was 	103.04 	
hectare.

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    28	 	
 	
Table 24: Area and Number of holdings under Arecanut cultivation	 	
 
Holding size class	 	Sample Size	 	Area under the crop in 	
the sample (ha)	 	Percentage	 	 Average 	Area 	
per holding (ha)	 	
Small	 	613	 	37.78	 	36.67	 	0.06	 	
Medium	 	11	2 	38.62	 	37.48	 	0.34	 	
Large	 	29	 	26.64	 	25.85	 	0.92	 	
Total	 	754	 	103.04	 	100.00	 	0.14	 	
Cost of Cultivation	 	
 	The  different  cost  components  of  Arecanut  cultivation  is  given  below:  Per  hectare  cost 	
expenses is  worked  out  as  Rs.	103454	/- excluding  interest  on  fixed capit	al,  interest  on  land  value and 	
household  labour	 components.Out  of  this 	55.36	%  cost  is  for  hired  human  labour  and 	29.12	%  for 	
farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers.	 	
Table 25:  Cost of Cultivation per hectare (in Rs.) of Arecanut	 	
 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Holding 	size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	60935	 	56080	 	53786	 	57267	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	83	 	1772	 	2088	 	1234	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	563	 	257	 	376	 	400	 	
5 	Farmyard  manure  and  chemical 
fertilizers	 	21672	 	33643	 	37029	 	30129	 	
6 	Plan	t protection	 	 	 	 	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation Cess	 	389	 	632	 	789	 	584	 	
8 	Repair  and  maintenance  charges  of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	1042	 	1174	 	1142	 	1117	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	8325	 	9175	 	9328	 	8903	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	5033	 	3580	 	2448	 	3820	 	
11	 	Tota	l Cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	98042	 	106313	 	106986	 	103454	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	9621	 	13307	 	7845	 	10543	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	107663	 	119620	 	114831	 	113997	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	483656	 	402258	 	415861	 	435621	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	591319	 	521878	 	530692	 	549618	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	30300	 	18627	 	9302	 	20496	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	621619	 	540505	 	539994	 	570114

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    29	 	
 	
Percentage Distribution of “COST A” per hectare of arecanut during 2019	-20	 	
 	
 	
 
 	 	
 	 	The following table illustrates the work participation of arecanut	 cultivation. It shows 	
that  out  of 	69.19	 per  cent  of  the  total  labour  hours 	15.15	%  has  been  shared  by  females  and 	54.04	% 	
has been shared by males.	 	
 	
Table 26: Percentage of hired human labour hours to total human	 Labour hours	 	
 
 	
Sex	 	
Holding size class	 	
Smal	l 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	50.92	 	52.64	 	62.9	 	54.04	 	
Female	 	17.21	 	28.16	 	34.16	 	15.15	 	
Total	 	68.13	 	80.8	 	97.06	 	69.19

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    30	 	
 	
Table 27: Cost of Cultivation of Arecanut per hectare (in Rs) during 2017	-18, 2018	-2019 and 	
2019	-2020	 	
Concept of 	
cost	 	Year	 	Holding Size cl	ass	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	76569	 	83608	 	96486	 	84897	 	
2018	-2019	 	81305	 	102220	 	114869	 	100395	 	
201	9-20	20	 	98042	 	106313	 	106986	 	103454	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	620065	 	469220	 	462917	 	525237	 	
2018	-2019	 	543961	 	497532	 	370244	 	463610	 	
2019	-2020	 	591319	 	521878	 	530692	 	549618	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	643946	 	484580	 	471862	 	541882	 	
2018	-2019	 	570143	 	518158	 	380209	 	481926	 	
2019	-2020	 	621619	 	540505	 	539994	 	570114	 	
 
Value of Out put	 	
 
Table 28: Value of Output per hectare (in Rs) of Arecanut	 	
 
 	The  estimated  value	 of  output  per  hectare  is  Rs.	260726	/- against  the  per  hectare  cost  A  of 	
cultivation is Rs	103454	/-. 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
228887	 	289973	 	263482	 	260726	 	
 	 	 	 	
2.4 Tapioca during 	2019	-20	 	
 	
Area under the crop in this study was 	112.04	 hectare from 	555	 holdings. 	 	
 	
Table 29: Area and Number of Holdings under Tapioca cultivation	 	
 	
Holding size 	
class	 	Samlpe Size	 	Area under the crop in 	
the sample (ha)	 	Percentage area 	 	 Average 	Area per 	
holding (ha)	 	
Small	 	404	 	34.38	 	30.69	 	0.09	 	
Medium	 	129	 	41.5	3 	37.07	 	0.32	 	
Large	 	22	 	36.13	 	32.25	 	1.64	 	
 	
Total	 	555	 	112.04	 	100	 	0.20	 	
 
The average size of a selected holding is 0.	20	 hectare

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    31	 	
 	
Cost of Cultivation	 	
When Cost A is considered,per hectare cost of cultivation of tapioca is worked out as Rs.	121258	/- .In	 this	 	
cos	t  A,  hired  humen	 labour  cost  constituted 	50.58	%	where  as  farmyard  manure  and  chemical  fertilizers 	
shares 	18.76	%. Interest  on  working  capital  7.99%  and	 other  expenses  contribute	11.45%.	The  cost  of 	
cultivation of Tapioca under different concepts is given below	.  	
 	
Table 30:  Cost of cultivation per hectare (in Rs) of Tapioca	 	
 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Holding size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	65158	 	65550	 	52859	 	61337	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	2138	 	2161	 	10514	 	4847	 	
4 	Seed / seedli	ngs	 	9119	 	6780	 	7224	 	7641	 	
5 	Farmyard  manure  and  chemical 
fertilizers	 	25146	 	22093	 	21231	 	22752	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	207	 	399	 	401	 	341	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation Cess	 	294	 	271	 	112	 	227	 	
8 	Repair  and  maintenance  charges  of 
implements, machinery 	abuilding 	 	705	 	543	 	35	8 	533	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	10177	 	9698	 	9223	 	9692	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	9496	 	12590	 	19560	 	13888	 	
11	 	Total Cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	122440	 	120085	 	121482	 	121258	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	3745	 	2322	 	1001	 	2333	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	126185	 	122407	 	122483	 	123591	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	353210	 	407437	 	293385	 	354017	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	479395	 	529844	 	415868	 	477608	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	53646	 	27767	 	11323	 	30407	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	533041	 	557611	 	427191	 	508015

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    32	 	
 	
Percentage Distribution of “COST A” per	 hectare of Tapioca during   2019	-20	 	
 	
 
 
 
 
The following table shows the percentage distribution of hired human labour hours 	 	
engaged in tapioca cultivation.	 	
 	
Table 31: Percentage of hired human labour hours to total human labour hours	 	
 	
Sex	 	
Holding Size Cl	ass	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	47.2	 	61.83	 	74.76	 	58.93	 	
Female	 	7.35	 	16.09	 	21.74	 	6.01	 	
Total	 	54.55	 	77.92	 	96.5	 	64.94	 	
 
 
 	In tapioca cultivation 	58.93	% of the total human labour hours have been shared by hired 	male 	
human labour.

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    33	 	
 	
Table 32: Cost of cul	tivation	 of Tapioca per hectare (In Rs.) during	 2017	-18,	 2018	-19	 and 	
2019	-20	 	
A comparative statement for 201	7-18, 201	8-19 and 201	9-20	 for c	ost of cultivation of different 	
concept is given below.	 	
Concept of 	
cost	 	Year	 	Holding Size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
Cost “A”	 	
2017	-2018	 	103582	 	108440	 	94744	 	103061	 	
2018	-2019	 	114078	 	117134	 	101455	 	111688	 	
2019	-2020	 	122440	 	120085	 	121482	 	121258	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	610873	 	796094	 	457370	 	644765	 	
2018	-2019	 	548634	 	491816	 	315711	 	455456	 	
2019	-2020	 	479395	 	529844	 	41586	8 	477608	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	666071	 	823147	 	475605	 	677149	 	
2018	-2019	 	600620	 	514480	 	328912	 	483318	 	
2019	-2020	 	533041	 	557611	 	427191	 	508015	 	
 
 
Value of Out put	 	
Table 33: Value of Output per hectare (In Rs.) of Tapioca	 	
 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
358153	 	333755	 	322142	 	337498	 	
 
The value of output for medium holding size class has slight variation. The value of out put per hectre 
of Tapioca is estimated as Rs.	337498	/-where as the cost of cultivation per hectre, the paid out cost 	
actually in	creased by the cultivators is only Rs.	121258	/-. 	
2.5 Banana during 2019	-20	 	
 
To study the cost of	 cultivation on banana 	548	 sample holdings were selected by covering an area of 	
133.22	 hectares  under  three  different  holding  size  classes  with  an  average  area  p	er  holding  of  0.2	4 	
hectare	. 	
Table 34: Area and Number of holdings selected under	 Banana cultivation	 	
 	
Size class	 	No of selected 	
holdings	 	
Area under the crop in 	
the sample (ha)	 	
Percentage to 
Total area	 	
Area per 
holding (ha)	 	
Small	 	334	 	30.31	 	22.75	 	0.09	 	
Mediu	m 	178	 	61.21	 	45.95	 	0.34	 	
Large	 	36	 	41.7	 	31.30	 	1.16	 	
Total	 	548	 	133.22	 	100.00	 	0.24

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    34	 	
 
 
Cost of Cultivation	 	
 
 	
Table 35: The Cost of cultivation per hectare (in Rs.) of Banana	 	
 
 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	
Holding size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labo	ur 	89056	 	87530	 	75336	 	83993	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	9 	 	 	2 	
3 	Machine labour	 	1842	 	2089	 	5802	 	3188	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	28524	 	28850	 	28287	 	28575	 	
5 	Farmyard  manure  and  chemical 
fertilizers	 	
49637	 	47871	 	59098	 	51777	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	1411	 	1392	 	1919	 	1558	 	
7 	Land tax and 	irrigation Cess	 	448	 	292	 	145	 	281	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	1011	 	499	 	334	 	563	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	17048	 	16773	 	17044	 	16909	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	26438	 	27601	 	45672	 	32946	 	
11	 	Total Cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	215424	 	212	897	 	233637	 	219792	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	13795	 	3568	 	2879	 	5666	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	229219	 	216465	 	236516	 	225458	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	320060	 	323464	 	276989	 	307751	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	549279	 	539929	 	513505	 	533209	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household la	bour	 	74811	 	39790	 	22864	 	42524	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	624090	 	579719	 	536369	 	575733

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    35	 	
 
As in the case of other crops, cost of cultivation of banana is also calculated at different cost concepts 
such  as  cost  ‘A’,  Cost  ‘B1’,  ‘Cost  ‘B’  and  Cost  ‘C’.  When  Cost  A  is  co	nsidered,  cost  of  cultivation 	
per  hectare  is  Rs	219792/	- Out  of  this 	38.21	%  cost  involved  in  hired  human  labour  component, 	
23.56	%  cost  for  farmyard  manure  and  chemical  fertilizers  and  Seed/Seedlings  constitute 	0.13	 %  and 	
other expenses shares 	14.99	%.	 	
 	
Perce	ntage Distribution of “COST A” per hectare of Banana during 2019	-20	 	
 	
 
In  Banana  cul	tivation  male  participation 	(58.87%	)  is  higher  than  that  of  female  (	6.15%	).  The 	
percentage distributions are as follows.	 	
 	
Table 36: Percentage of hired human labour hours t	o the total human labour hours	 	
Sex	 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
 	
Male	 	48.56	 	61.66	 	66.08	 	58.87	 	
Female	 	7.46	 	13.5	 	20.78	 	6.15	 	
Total	 	56.02	 	75.16	 	86.86	 	65.02

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    36	 	
 	
Table 37: Cost of Cultivation per hectare of Banana (In Rs.) during	 	
2017	-18, 2	018	-19&2019	-20	 	
A  comparative  statement  for  201	7-18	, 2018	-19	 and 	2019	-20	 for	 cost  of  cultivation  of  different 	
concept is given below.	 	
 	
Concept 
of cost	 	Year	 	Holding Size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	191918	 	188039	 	181425	 	186081	 	
2018	-2019	 	203664	 	228718	 	209297	 	216796	 	
2019	-2020	 	215424	 	212897	 	233637	 	219792	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	688946	 	662418	 	977423	 	793095	 	
2018	-2019	 	609626	 	547813	 	781300	 	645337	 	
2019	-2020	 	549279	 	539929	 	513505	 	533209	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	764318	 	699195	 	1000811	 	831355	 	
2018	-2019	 	682228	 	590088	 	801951	 	685479	 	
2019	-2020	 	624090	 	579719	 	536369	 	575733	 	
 	
Value of out put	 	
Table 38: Value of Output per hectare (In Rs.) of Banana	 	
 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
507820	 	508286	 	564027	 	525	063	 	
 	
During  2019	-20	 per  he	ctare  value  of  output  from  banana  cultivation  is  estimated  out  as 	
Rs.525	063	/- whereas the cost A per hectre is Rs	.219792	/-. 	
2.6 Pepper during	 2019	-20	 	
 
 	The  monopoly  of  the  state  still  continues  in  area  and  production  of  pepper	 in  the  country	.  	
Details of t	he holdings selected for the study is given below:	  	
Table 39: Area and number of holdings under Pepper cultivation	 	
 
Holding size class	 	No of selected 	
holdings	 	
Area under the crop in 	
the sample (ha)	 	Percentage	 	Area per 
holding (ha)	 	
Small	 	462	 	25	 	42.91	 	0.05	 	
Medium	 	62	 	20.6	 	35.36	 	0.33	 	
Large	 	13	 	12.65	 	21.71	 	0.97	 	
Total	 	537	 	58.26	 	100	 	0.11

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    37	 	
 
Cost of cultivation 	 	
 	The  cultivation  cost  incurred  for  Pepper  is  entirely  different  when  compared  to  the  cost  of 	
Paddy  and  other  seasonal  crops.  Hired  human	 labour  cost	 is  6	3.74%	 and  the  farmyard  manure  and 	
chemical  fertilizer  cost 	is  19.75%	for  pepper  cultivation.  Item  wise  expenses  incurred  under  pepper 	
cultivation are as follows:	 	
Table 40: Cost of cultivation per hectare (in Rs.) of Pepper 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	
Holding si	ze Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	54390	 	55161	 	45079	 	52640	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	194	 	325	 	1857	 	601	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	839	 	1549	 	1391	 	1210	 	
5 	Farmyard  manure  and  chemical 
fertilizers	 	19767	 	14734	 	12050	 	16311	 	
6 	Plan	t protection	 	416	 	688	 	1000	 	639	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation Cess	 	444	 	305	 	299	 	363	 	
8 	Repair  and  maintenance  charges 
of  implements,  machinery  and 
building 	 	
1285	 	1202	 	367	 	1056	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	7561	 	7246	 	6138	 	7140	 	
10	 	Other expenses 	 	3303	 	2333	 	1754	 	2623	 	
11	 	Total Cost ‘A’ (1 to 10)	 	88199	 	83543	 	69935	 	82583	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	14576	 	7973	 	3995	 	9942	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	102775	 	91516	 	73930	 	92525	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	436969	 	317016	 	158392	 	334052	 	
15	 	Cost ‘B’ (13+14)	 	539744	 	408532	 	232322	 	426	577	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household 
labour	 	41407	 	18468	 	13674	 	27273	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	581151	 	427000	 	245996	 	453850

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    38	 	
 	
Percentage Distribution of “COST A” per hectare of Pepper during2019	--20	 	
 	
 	
 
 	 	
 	
Table 41:  Percentage of hired human labour hours to total	 human labour hours	 	
 	
Sex	 	
Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	50.23	 	66.34	 	66.55	 	58.52	 	
Female	 	6.45	 	17	 	20.39	 	5.53	 	
Total	 	56.68	 	83.34	 	86.94	 	64.05

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    39	 	
 
Table 42: Cost of cultivation of Pepper per hectare (In Rs.) during	 2017	-18, 2018	-19&2019	-20	 	
A comparative statement for 	201	7-18, 201	8-19&201	9-20	 for cost of cultivation of different concept is 	
given below.	 	
Concept 
of cost	 	Year	 	Holding Size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	79031	 	76297	 	70138	 	76510	 	
2018	-2019	 	79465	 	81478	 	69450	 	78925	 	
2019	-2020	 	88199	 	83543	 	69935	 	82583	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	694206	 	462091	 	438581	 	563205	 	
2018	-2019	 	592925	 	526160	 	254266	 	514647	 	
2019	-2020	 	539744	 	408532	 	232322	 	426577	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	737753	 	480849	 	451844	 	592265	 	
2018	-2019	 	633943	 	544400	 	270261	 	541938	 	
2019	-2020	 	581151	 	427000	 	245996	 	453850	 	
 	
Value of out put	 	
Table 43: Value of Output per Hectare (In Rs.) of Pepper	 	
 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
215198	 	187817	 	155620	 	192577	 	
 
During 201	9-20	 it is estimated that Rs	.192577	/-has 	been received as value of	 	
Output from per hectare pepper cultivation whereas cost A	 for	 Cultivation is Rs.	82583	/-. 	
2.7 Ginger during	 201	9-20	 	
 	
For  the  cost  of  cultivation  study  during  201	9-20	, 436	 sample  holdings  were  selected  for  the 	
crop ginger and total 	area covered for study is 	33.66 	hectare.	 	
Table 44:  Area and number of holdings under Ginger cultivation 	 	
Holding size class	 	No of selected 	
holdings	 	
Area under the crop in 	
the sample (ha)	 	
Percentage to 
total Area	 	
Average area 
per holding (ha)	 	
Small	 	390	 	17	.3 	51.4	 	0.04	 	
Medium	 	41	 	11.3	 	33.57	 	0.28	 	
Large	 	5 	5.06	 	15.03	 	1.01	 	
        	Total	 	436	 	33.66	 	100	 	0.08

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    40	 	
 	
 
Cost of cultivation	 	
 	
Among various components of cost of ginger cultivation, hired human labour,	 	
Seed/seedling, fertilizer etc. are the top three component	s.Hired human labour alone accorded 	36.08	% 	
of  the  total  cost.Seed/seedling  and  farmyard  manure  and  fertilizer  share  is 	30.91	%  and 	14.04	%  of 	
total cost of cultivation per hectare.	 	
Table 45: Cost of Cultivation per hectare (in Rs.) of Ginger	 	
 
Sl 
No	 	Component	s 	Holding size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	73605	 	89121	 	39352	 	73666	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	704	 	4210	 	4782	 	2494	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	58188	 	91541	 	16495	 	63120	 	
5 	Farmyard  manure  and  chemical 
fertilizers	 	27960	 	37781	 	10790	 	28677	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	736	 	1359	 	3992	 	1434	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	320	 	221	 	39	 	245	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	1263	 	567	 	 	839	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	16119	 	22401	 	7541	 	16939	 	
10	 	Other expense	s 	9950	 	20485	 	31814	 	16774	 	
11	 	Total Cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	188845	 	267686	 	114805	 	204188	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	4388	 	2133	 	16723	 	5486	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	193233	 	269819	 	131528	 	209674	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	336760	 	203122	 	88403	 	254551	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	529993	 	472941	 	219931	 	464225	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	68905	 	30411	 	4644	 	46319	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	598898	 	503352	 	224575	 	510544

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    41	 	
 	
Percentage Distribution of “COST A” per hectare of Ginger during 2019	-20	 	
 	
Table 46: Percentage distribution of hired	 human labour	 hours to total 	 	
Human	 labour hours	 	
sex	 	Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	43.65	 	41.12	 	9.26	 	39.01	 	
Female	 	11.45	 	35.65	 	47.99	 	24.86	 	
Total	 	55.1	 	76.77	 	57.25	 	63.87	 	
 	
Table 47: Cost of cultivation of Ginger per hectare (In Rs.)	 during2017	-18, 2018	-19	 and	 2019	-20	 	
A comparative statement for 201	7-18, 201	8-19&201	9-20	 for cost of cultivation of different	 concept is 	
given below.	 	
Concept 
of cost	 	Year	 	Holding Size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	180199	 	252135	 	313107	 	238820	 	
2018	-2019	 	174603	 	215447	 	279917	 	208761	 	
2019	-2020	 	188845	 	267686	 	114805	 	204188	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	586517	 	511956	 	543993	 	554207	 	
2018	-2019	 	653462	 	448887	 	347564	 	526549	 	
2019	-2020	 	529993	 	472941	 	219931	 	464225	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	652004	 	548143	 	560420	 	597334	 	
2018	-2019	 	715528	 	476332	 	356656	 	566898	 	
2019	-2020	 	598898	 	503352	 	224575	 	510544

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    42	 	
 	
Value of Out put	 	
 	
Table 48: Value of Out put per hectare (In Rs.) of Ginger	 	
 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
474708	 	607270	 	1008604	 	599480	 	
 	 	 	 	
 	
The per hectare value of output estimated from Ginger cultivation is 	Rs.599480	/- and the cost 	
of  cultivation  per  hectre  is  Rs	204188	/- excluding  interest  on  fixed  capital,land  value  and  household 	
labour.	 	
  
22..88  TTuurrmmeerriicc  dduurriinngg  22001199--2200  	
 	
Sample holdings select	ed for the cost of cultivation study of turmeric is 	475	 which distributed 	
among the three holding size classes and total area within the sample holding was 	28.89	 hectares.	 	
Table 49: Area and Number of holdings under Turmeric cultivation 	 	
 
Holding size clas	s 	No of selected 	
holdings	 	
Area under the crop in 	
the sample (ha)	 	
Percentage to 
total area	 	
Average  area 
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
Small	 	442	 	17.78	 	61.54	 	0.04	 	
Medium	 	32	 	9.49	 	32.85	 	0.3	 	
Large	 	1 	1.62	 	5.61	 	1.62	 	
         	Total	 	475	 	28.89	 	100	 	0.06	 	
 
Cost of cultivation 	 	
 	
The  cash  and  other  kind  expenses  incurred  under  Turmeric  cultivation  is  estimated  as 	
Rs.	129665	/-per  hectare.Out  of  this	 46.79	% is  for  hired  human  labour, 	16.73	%  for  seed/seedlings 	
and	18.68	% for farmyard manure and fertilizer cost respectively.

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    43	 	
 	
 
 	
Table 50: 	Cost of Cultivation per hectare (in Rs.) of Turmeric 	 	
 
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Holding size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	61286	 	56731	 	77064	 	60674	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	640	 	6185	 	 	2426	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	241	08	 	19533	 	7904	 	21697	 	
5 	Farmyard  manure  and  chemical 
fertilizers	 	24173	 	16969	 	67184	 	24217	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	203	 	351	 	 	240	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation Cess	 	343	 	187	 	494	 	300	 	
8 	Repair  and maintenance charges  of 
implements,  machinery  and 
building 	 	
1528	 	228	 	440	 	1040	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	11041	 	9977	 	15215	 	10925	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	9459	 	6655	 	2470	 	8146	 	
11	 	Total Cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	132781	 	116816	 	170771	 	129665	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	3926	 	732	 	545	 	2687	 	
13	 	Cost ‘	B1’ (11+12)	 	136707	 	117548	 	171316	 	132352	 	
14	 	Int	erest on land value	 	310543	 	453667	 	145141	 	348304	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	447250	 	571215	 	316457	 	480656	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	74222	 	32879	 	51376	 	59355	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	521472	 	604094	 	367833	 	540011

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    44	 	
 	
Percentage Distribution of “COST A” per he	ctare of Turmeric during 201	9-20	 	
 	
 
The  following  table  illustrates  the  percentage  distribution  of  hired  human  labour  hours  to  the  total 
human labour hours 	engaged in turmeric cultivation.	 
 
 	
Table 51: Percentage of Hired human labour hours to the total hum	an labour hours	 	
 	
Sex	 	
Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	35.63	 	40.67	 	60	 	38.04	 	
Female	 	12.48	 	28.76	 	 	12.83	 	
Total	 	48.11	 	69.43	 	60	 	50.87

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    45	 	
 	
Table 52: Cost of cultivation of Turmeric per hectare (In Rs.) during	 201	7-18,201	8-19& 	
201	9-20	 	
A c	omparative statement for 	2017	-18	, 2018	-2019 	&2019	-20 	for c	ost of cultivation of different	 	
concept is given below.	 	
Concept 
of cost	 	Year	 	Holding Size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	134744	 	128759	 	164779	 	137084	 	
2018	-2019	 	131018	 	1426	55	 	181133	 	140032	 	
2019	-2020	 	132781	 	116816	 	170771	 	129665	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	590874	 	555710	 	404291	 	551750	 	
2018	-2019	 	537428	 	468616	 	362476	 	498262	 	
2019	-2020	 	447250	 	571215	 	316457	 	480656	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	656246	 	586504	 	416084	 	597567	 	
2018	-2019	 	609395	 	4966	05	 	376431	 	551465	 	
2019	-2020	 	521472	 	604094	 	367833	 	540011	 	
                                                  	 	
 In 2019	-20 cost of cultivation of turmeric per hec	tare is 	decreased	 when compared	  to previous years. 	 	
Output	 	                         	 	
 	The per h	ectare value of output received from turmeric cultivation is estimated 	
as Rs	301175	/- during the year 201	9-20	 and cost of cultivation is estimated as Rs	129665	/- 	
excluding Cost B and C	 	
Table 53: Value of Out put per hectare (In Rs.) of Turmeric	 	
Holding Size 	Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
313249	 	271968	 	339872	 	301175	 	
 	 	 	 	
2.9 Pineapple during 	2019	-20	 	
 	In  the  cost  of  cultivation  study  on  pineapple 	213	 sample  holdings  were  selected  by  covering 	
area 	371.50	 hectares. Details of these holdings are given below	 	
Table 54: Area and Number of holdings selected 	under Pineapple cultivation	 	
Size class	 	
 	
No of selected holdings	 	
Area under the crop in the 	
sample (ha)	 	
Percentage to 
Total area	 	
Area per holding 	
(ha)	 	
Small	 	73	 	4.27	 	1.15	 	0.06	 	
Medium	 	53	 	21.06	 	5.67	 	0.4	 	
Large	 	84	 	335.05	 	90.19	 	3.99	 	
Total	 	213	 	371.5	 	100	 	1.74

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    46	 	
 
Cost of Cultivation	 	
 	As in the case of other crops, cost of cultivation of pineapple is also calculated at different cost 	
concepts such as cost ‘A’, Cost ‘B1’, ‘Cost ‘B’ and Cost ‘C’. When Cost A is consider	ed, cost of 	
cultivation per hectare of pineapple is 245327/	-. 	
Table 55: The Cost of cultivation per hectare (in Rs.) of Pineapple	 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Holding size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	48783	 	45222	 	48285	 	47719	 	
2 	Animal lab	our	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	4376	 	4894	 	3087	 	3397	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	81598	 	95984	 	91824	 	89838	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	23497	 	27744	 	34876	 	33492	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	2672	 	3950	 	5615	 	5649	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation Cess	 	440	 	402	 	86	 	105	 	
8 	Repair  a	nd  maintenance  charges  of 	
implements, machinery and building 	 	1314	 	591	 	110	 	148	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	16093	 	17779	 	18369	 	18010	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	9271	 	34935	 	46712	 	46969	 	
11	 	Total Cost ‘A’ (1	-10)	 	188043	 	231501	 	248962	 	245327	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capi	tal	 	8876	 	3019	 	289	 	536	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	196919	 	234520	 	249251	 	245863	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	255232	 	378042	 	475240	 	460919	 	
15	 	Cost ‘B’ (13+14)	 	452151	 	612561	 	724492	 	706782	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	44788	 	15480	 	16118	 	15980	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+1	6) 	496939	 	628041	 	740609	 	722762

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    47	 	
 	
 
 
 
 	
Percentage Distribution of “COST A” per hectare of Pineapple during 2019	-20	 	
 	
 
The  hired  human  labour  cost  accounted  as 	19.45%	where  as  farmyard  manure  and  chemical 	
fertilizers  cost  as 	13.65	 percent  of  the  total  Cost  ‘A	’.  Seed/seedling  cost  constitutes  to 	36.62	%  of  the 	
total cost ‘A’.  	 	
In Pineapple cultivation, 	male participation 	is higher than that of	 female. 	.The percentage distributions 	
of these facts are as follows	 	
Table: 56 Percentage of hired human labour hours to	 the total human labour hours	 	
 	
Sex	 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	37.7	 	54.65	 	65.58	 	64.98	 	
Female	 	19.88	 	32.3	 	19.88	 	9.32	 	
Total	 	57.58	 	86.95	 	85.46	 	74.3

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    48	 	
 	
Table:57 Cost of cultivation of Pineapple per hectare	 (in Rs) during 	201	7-18, 201	8-19& 	
201	9-20	 	
 	
Concept of 	
cost	 	Year	 	Holding Size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	145222	 	197338	 	192819	 	192302	 	
2018	-2019	 	178221	 	214237	 	211210	 	211075	 	
2019	-2020	 	188043	 	231501	 	248962	 	245327	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	890928	 	752947	 	6874	18 	695922	 	
2018	-2019	 	495851	 	827211	 	866481	 	861138	 	
2019	-2020	 	452151	 	612561	 	724492	 	706782	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	931611	 	766605	 	691404	 	701282	 	
2018	-2019	 	530351	 	845306	 	870825	 	866468	 	
2019	-2020	 	496939	 	628041	 	740609	 	722762	 	
 
Value of out put	 
Table 58: Value of 	Output per hectare(In Rs.) of Pineapple	 	
 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
361908	 	341176	 	362041	 	364160	 	
 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
 	
During  201	9-20	 per  hectare  value  of  output  from  pineapple  cultivation  is  estimated 	
asRs	.364160	/- and the cost of cultivating 	per hectare of pineapple is Rs.	245	327	/- 	
2.10.1 Bitter Gourd	- Autumn during 201	9-20	 	
 	
For  this  study  details  of  holding  selected  and  area  coverage  are  given  below.  The  data  collected 	
from 	224	 sample  holdings  by  covering 	35.15	 hectares  and  the  average  area  pe	r  holding  is  0.1	6 	
hectare.	 	
Table 59 	- Area and number of holdings under Bitter gourd Autumn	 	
 
Holding size class	 	No of selected 	
holdings	 	
Area under the crop in 	
the sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average Area per 	
holding (ha)	 	
Small	 	168	 	9.97	 	28.36	 	0.06	 	
Medium	 	50	 	16.48	 	46.88	 	0.33	 	
Large	 	6 	8.7	 	24.75	 	1.45	 	
Total	 	224	 	35.15	 	100	 	0.16

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    49	 	
 
 
Cost of cultivation 	 	
 	
When  Cost  A  is  considered  about 	36.64	% of  cost  constitutes  to  hired  human  labour,  Interest 	
on  working  capital  shares	 6.53	%  and  farmyard  manure  and  chemical  fert	ilizers  accounts  to 	17.20	%. 	
Total cost for cultivating one hectare of Bittergourd in Autumn season is Rs	145821	/-. 	
 	
Table 60	- Cost of Cultivation per hectare(in Rs.) of Bitter Gourd (Autumn	)  	
 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	
Holding size Class	 	
Small	 	
 	
Medium	 	
 	La	rge	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	72150	 	49109	 	40140	 	53424	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	130	 	6090	 	9800	 	5318	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	6040	 	7778	 	12890	 	8551	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers	 	36592	 	23945	 	14044	 	25081	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	2690	 	3044	 	2693	 	285	7 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	312	 	2156	 	87	 	1121	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	2569	 	152	 	92	 	823	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	11760	 	8997	 	7957	 	9523	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	44152	 	45183	 	21890	 	39123	 	
11	 	Total cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	176395	 	146454	 	109593	 	145821	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	3132	 	5144	 	15313	 	7092	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	179527	 	151598	 	124906	 	152913	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	317399	 	394109	 	80154	 	294611	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	496926	 	545707	 	205060	 	447524	 	
16	 	Imputed value o	f household labour	 	119517	 	54219	 	7801	 	61248	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	616443	 	599926	 	212861	 	508772

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    50	 	
 	
 
 	
Percentage Distribution of “COST A” per hectare of	 Bittergourd(Autumn)	 during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
 	
 	
Table 61: Percentage of hired human labour hours to total human labo	ur hours	 	
Sex	 	
Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	37.26	 	31.95	 	47.31	 	36.51	 	
Female	 	1.98	 	21.7	 	42.6	 	14.76	 	
Total	 	39.24	 	53.65	 	89.91	 	51.27	 	
 
 
In  Bitter  Gourd  (Autumn)  cultivation 	14.76	%  of  total  labour  hours  shares  to  female  participation  of 	
hired human labour hours.

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    51	 	
 	
 
 	
Table:62 Cost of cultivation of Bitter Gourd 	-Autumn per hectare	 (in Rs) during 	201	7-18	,   	
2018	-19	 & 2019	-20	 	
Concept of 	
cost	 	Year	 	Holding Size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
 Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	143637	 	119679	 	100784	 	1247	19 	
2018	-2019	 	150625	 	104947	 	178492	 	135154	 	
2019	-2020	 	176395	 	146454	 	109593	 	145821	 	
 Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	577914	 	468225	 	259537	 	470956	 	
2018	-2019	 	471930	 	446171	 	545175	 	474786	 	
2019	-2020	 	496926	 	545707	 	205060	 	447524	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	674699	 	510872	 	275937	 	527	732	 	
2018	-2019	 	574506	 	489897	 	562451	 	533031	 	
2019	-2020	 	616443	 	599926	 	212861	 	508772	 	
 	
Table: 63 Value of product and by	-product per hectare	 (in Rs.) of Bitter Gourd 	-Autumn 	
201	9-20	 	
 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
362526	 	328463	 	609192	 	407	637	 	
 
Value  of  product  per  hectare  of  Bitter  gourd  in  A	utumn  season  is  estimated  as  Rs407637/	-Where  as 	
the cost of cultivation per hectre is Rs.	145821	/-. 	
 
2.10.2 Bitter Gourd 	–Winter	 during 201	9-20	 	
        	During  201	9-20 	Cost  of  cultivation  study  on  Bitter	 gourd(Winter)  season, 	265	 sample  holdings 	
by covering	 38.02 	hectare selected and the average area per holding covers to 0.1	4 hectare	 	
Table 64 	– Area and number of holdings under Bitter Gourd (Winter)	 	
 
Holding size class	 	No of selected 	
holdings	 	
Area under 	the crop in 	
the sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Area per 
holding (ha)	 	
Small	 	210	 	12.31	 	32.38	 	0.06	 	
Medium	 	45	 	13.36	 	35.14	 	0.3	 	
Large	 	10	 	12.35	 	32.48	 	1.24	 	
Total	 	265	 	38.02	 	100	 	0.14

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    52	 	
 
Cost of Cultivation	 	
 	In  CostA,  the  major  share  of  the  cost  component  was  hire	d  human  labour.    It  constitutes 	
37.	87	%.  Also  farmyard  manure  and  chemical  fertilizers  accou	nt  2.55	%.  Other  expense 	account	 was 	
26.51	%.   By considering the various cost component of Bitter gourd(Winter) cultivation, per hectare 	
cost calculated as Rs.	14	4796	/- 	
 
 
 
 	 	
Table 65	 – Cost of cultivation per hectare(in Rs.) of 	Bitter Gourd (W	inter)	 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Holding size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	64927	 	61718	 	37342	 	54839	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	671	 	2171	 	4098	 	2311	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	6706	 	7980	 	11182	 	8608	 	
5 	Farmyard  manure  and  chemical 
fertilizers	 	2536	 	3212	 	5357	 	3690	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	32054	 	26929	 	19884	 	26300	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation Cess	 	315	 	211	 	30	 	186	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and 	building 	 	2027	 	620	 	64	 	895	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	10689	 	10201	 	7786	 	9575	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	44890	 	44715	 	25074	 	38392	 	
11	 	Total Cost ‘A’ (1	-10)	 	164815	 	157757	 	110817	 	144796	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	13233	 	4350	 	12031	 	9720	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	178048	 	162107	 	122848	 	154516	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	262204	 	303491	 	92885	 	221717	 	
15	 	Cost ‘B’ (13+14)	 	440252	 	465598	 	215733	 	376233	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	117466	 	59022	 	18362	 	64736	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	557718	 	524620	 	234095	 	440969

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    53	 	
 
Percentage Dist	ribution of “	COST A” per hectare of 	 Bi	ttergourd	 (Winter) during 201	9-20	 	
 	
 	
 	
 
Sex  wise  work  participation  percentage  of  hired  human  labours  for  Bitter  gourd(Winter) 	
cultivation  shown  below  reveals  that 	12.19	%  of  work  shared  by  Female  whereas  percentage  sha	re  to 	
male workers is 	35.80	%.	 	
Table 66 	– Percentage of hired human labour hours to total human labour hours	 	
 	
Sex	 	
Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	32.72	 	40.89	 	33.66	 	35.8	 	
Female	 	4.52	 	14.11	 	35.09	 	12.19	 	
Total	 	37.24	 	55	 	68.75	 	47.99

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    54	 	
 	
 	
Table:67 C	ost of cultivation of Bitter Gua	rd 	-Winter per hectare(in Rs) during 	201	7-18	, 	
2018	-19& 2019	-20	 	
 	
Concept of 	
cost	 	
Year	 	
Holding Size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	317610	 	136971	 	115945	 	135319	 	
2018	-2019	 	166455	 	130308	 	112758	 	145423	 	
2019	-2020	 	164815	 	157757	 	110817	 	144796	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	497367	 	365177	 	273180	 	415690	 	
2018	-2019	 	432542	 	340296	 	253916	 	374755	 	
2019	-2020	 	440252	 	465598	 	215733	 	376233	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	595245	 	413848	 	318229	 	486458	 	
2018	-2019	 	534725	 	391432	 	276196	 	446834	 	
2019	-2020	 	557718	 	524620	 	234095	 	440969	 	
 
Output	 	
 	
Table: 68 	- Value of Product and By	 product per hectare(in Rs)of Bitter Gourd (Winter)	    	
201	9-20	 	
 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
374706	 	379201	 	485074	 	412135	 	
 	
2.10.3 Bitter 	Gourd 	-Summer during	201	9-20	 	
 
 	For the cost of cultivation study on Bitter gourd(summer) during 201	9-20	 the total number of	 	
sample holdings selected was 	190	.  The details of these holdings are presented	 below:	 	
Table 69: Area and number of holdings under Bit	ter Gourd	-(Summer)	 	
 
Holding size class	 	No of selected 	
holdings	 	
Area under the crop 
in the sample (ha)	 	Percentage	 	Area per holding 	
(ha)	 	
Small	 	175	 	9.45	 	69.18	 	0.05	 	
Medium	 	15	 	4.21	 	30.82	 	0.28	 	
Large	 	 	 	 	 	
All Size	 	190	 	13.66	 	100	 	0.07	 	
 
The total area under cult	ivation in the selected sample holdings covers 	13.66 	hectares and the average 	
size of a holding is 0.0	7 hectare

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    55	 	
 
Cost of Cultivation	 	
 	
Cost  of  cultivation  of  Bitter  gourd(Summer)  per  hectare  is  estimated  as  Rs.	156830	/- when  cost 	
‘A’  is  considered.  Hired  hume	nlabour  gives  a  share  of 	37.51	%  and  other  expense  gives 	28.37	%. 	
Component wise holding size class details are presented below:	 	
 
 	
Table 70	: Cost of Cultivation per hectare(in Rs.) of 	Bitter Gourd (S	ummer)	 	
 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Holding size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	65736	 	43309	 	 	58825	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	586	 	1057	 	 	731	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	6687	 	6383	 	 	6593	 	
5 	Farmyard  manure  and  chemical 
fertilizers	 	31553	 	29208	 	 	30831	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	2118	 	4224	 	 	2767	 	
7 	Land tax	 and irrigation Cess	 	237	 	150	 	 	210	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	2936	 	1215	 	 	2406	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	10668	 	8418	 	 	9975	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	39221	 	56328	 	 	44492	 	
11	 	Total Cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	159742	 	150292	 	 	156830	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	11495	 	4428	 	 	9320	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	171237	 	154720	 	 	166150	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	220717	 	220105	 	 	220528	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	391954	 	374825	 	 	386678	 	
16	 	Imputed 	value of household labour	 	138664	 	79843	 	 	120538	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ 	(15+16)	 	530618	 	454667	 	 	50721	6

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    56	 	
 	
Percentage Distribution of “	COST A” per hectare of	 Bittergourd(Summer)	 during  	201	9-20	 
 	
 
 
 
In  Bitter  gourd  (Summer)	 cultivat	ion 	male  labour	 participation  accounted 	as 	29.77	% of  the  total 	
labour hours.  Details are given be	low:	 	
Table 71	: Percentage of hired human labour hours to total human labour hours	 	
 	 
Sex	 	
Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	29.66	 	30.26	 	 	29.77	 	
Female	 	2.91	 	5.00	 	 	2.4	 	
Total	 	32.57	 	35.26	 	 	32.17

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    57	 	
 	
Table:72 Cost of cultivation of Bit	ter Gourd 	-Summer per hectare(in Rs) during 201	7-18, 	  	
2018	-19	&2019	-20	 	
 
 
Concept of 	
cost	 	Year	 	Holding Size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	145510	 	131148	 	158118	 	143294	 	
2018	-2019	 	175795	 	139160	 	178334	 	164070	 	
2019	-2020	 	159742	 	15029	2 	 	156830	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	458146	 	283425	 	407751	 	391662	 	
2018	-2019	 	400373	 	342634	 	921094	 	408695	 	
2019	-2020	 	391954	 	374825	 	 	386678	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	559599	 	340014	 	422261	 	461689	 	
2018	-2019	 	528406	 	438626	 	1042247	 	526001	 	
2019	-2020	 	530618	 	454667	 	 	50721	6 	
 	
Table 73: Value of Product and by product per hectare(in Rs) of Bitter Gourd (Summer)	 	
during 201	9-20	 	
 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
373186	 	300621	 	 	350825	 	
 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
2.11.1 Cowpea	- Autumn	 during 	201	9-20	 	
 	 	
Sample  of  holding  selected  and 	area  coverage  for  the  study  was	 231 	holdings  by  covering 	27.2	 	
hectares and the average area per holding was 	0.12 hectare	. 	
 	
Table 74 	- Area and number of holdings under Cowpea Autumn	 	
 
Holding size class	 	No of selected 	
holdings	 	
Area under the crop in 	
the sam	ple (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average Area per 	
holding (ha)	 	
Small	 	194	 	11.94	 	43.9	 	0.06	 	
Medium	 	32	 	10.2	 	37.5	 	0.32	 	
Large	 	5 	5.06	 	18.6	 	1.01	 	
Total	 	231	 	27.2	 	100	 	0.12

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    58	 	
 
Cost of cultivation 	 	
 	
When Cost A is considered about 	40.88 	percent of cost constitutes to hire	d human labour, and 	
farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers accounts to 	16.87	%. But the other expenses account a share 	
of 	25.68	%.	 	
Table 75	- Cost of Cultivation per hectare (in Rs.) of Cowpea (Autumn	)  	
 
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Holding size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	59646	 	63336	 	46436	 	58572	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	1118	 	9357	 	10404	 	5935	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	4652	 	4953	 	4148	 	4671	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	32333	 	20585	 	12126	 	24168	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	2504	 	176	0 	2733	 	2268	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	296	 	329	 	106	 	273	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	1944	 	378	 	217	 	1035	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	10025	 	9999	 	7585	 	9561	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	38166	 	35699	 	35825	 	36806	 	
11	 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	150684	 	146396	 	119580	 	143289	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	3678	 	10885	 	16099	 	8691	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	154362	 	157281	 	135679	 	151980	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	315433	 	472013	 	176355	 	348267	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	469795	 	629294	 	312034	 	500247	 	
16	 	Im	puted value of household labour	 	103305	 	45368	 	10814	 	64371	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	573100	 	674662	 	322848	 	564618

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    59	 	
 	
Percentage Distribution of “	COST A” per hectare of	 cowpea(Autumn) during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
 
 	
Table 76: Percentage of hired human labour hours to total hu	man labour hours	 	
 	
Sex	 	Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	34.07	 	31	 	46.25	 	34.41	 	
Female	 	3.53	 	30.92	 	40.79	 	16.89	 	
Total	 	37.6	 	61.92	 	87.04	 	51.3	 	
 
In Cowpea(Autumn) cultivation 	34.41	% of total labour hours goes to males.

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    60	 	
 	
  	      	Table:77	 Cost	 of cultivation of Cowpea 	-Autumn per hectare(in Rs) during 	
201	7-18, 2018	-19	&201	9-20	 	
 	
 	
Concept of 	
cost	 	
Year	 	
Holding Size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	126803	 	121063	 	126091	 	124490	 	
2018	-2019	 	142374	 	107244	 	124681	 	126006	 	
201	9-2020	 	150684	 	146396	 	119580	 	143289	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	452670	 	441125	 	799801	 	494099	 	
2018	-2019	 	559308	 	350183	 	666701	 	497994	 	
2019	-2020	 	469795	 	629294	 	312034	 	500247	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	526858	 	483400	 	811291	 	547661	 	
2018	-2019	 	651225	 	394992	 	749909	 	570513	 	
201	9-2020	 	573100	 	674662	 	322848	 	564618	 	
 	
 	
Table: 78 Value of product and by	-product per hectare (in Rs.) of Cowpea	-Autumn 201	9-20	 	
 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
337214	 	354906	 	480000	 	370415	 	
 
2.11.2 Cowpea 	–Winter	 during 2019	-20	 	
 	
During 	2019	-20 	Cost  of  cultivation  study  on  Cowpea  (winter)  was  conducted  in	303 	holdings 	
by covering 	33.21 	hectare of land. Details of these holdings are given below:	 	
 	
Table 79 	– Area and number of holdings under Cowpea Winter  	 	
 	
 	
Holding size class	 	No of selected 	
ho	ldings	 	
Area under the crop in 	
the sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average a	rea 	
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
Small	 	246	 	16.33	 	49.17	 	0.07	 	
Medium	 	55	 	15.06	 	45.35	 	0.27	 	
Large	 	2 	1.82	 	5.48	 	0.91	 	
Total	 	303	 	33.21	 	100	 	0.11

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    61	 	
 
 
Cost of Cultivation	 	
In  Cost  A,  the  major  share  of  the	 cost  component  was  hired  human  labour.    It  constitutes 	
41.33	%.and 	farmyard  manure  and  chemical  fertilizers  which  accounted  18.46%	 respectively.Interest  on 	
working  capital  was 	6.80	%.  The  share  of  other  expenses  contributes 	23.95 	%.  By  considering  the 	
vario	us cost component of Cowpea (winter) cultivation per hectare cost calculated as Rs.	14	1440	/-. 	
 	
Table 80	– Cost of cultivation per hectare (in Rs.) of Cowpea (W	inter)	 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Holding size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	53	276	 	65898	 	43088	 	58441	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	113	 	 	51	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	780	 	5743	 	7437	 	3396	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	5822	 	5766	 	4594	 	5729	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	29851	 	23839	 	11352	 	26110	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	2337	 	2482	 	3568	 	2470	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigat	ion Cess	 	300	 	287	 	 	278	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	2081	 	967	 	 	1462	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	9207	 	10384	 	7004	 	9620	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	33576	 	32013	 	52090	 	33883	 	
11	 	Total Cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	137230	 	147492	 	129133	 	1414	40	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	12592	 	9339	 	31396	 	12148	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	149822	 	156831	 	160529	 	153588	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	250329	 	298104	 	72227	 	262224	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	400151	 	454935	 	232756	 	415812	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	108207	 	65	762	 	4391	 	83263	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	508358	 	520697	 	237147	 	499075

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    62	 	
 	
Percentage Distribution of “	COST A” per hectare of	 Cowpea	 (Winter) during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
 
 
Sex  wise  work  participation  in  hired  human  labours  for  Cowpea(winter)  cultivation  reveals  that 
13.15	% of 	work shared by Female whereas 	29.41	% shared by male workers.	 	
The following table reveals the percentage of hired human labour hours to total human labour 	
hours.	 
Table 81 	– Percentage of hired human labour hours to total human labour hours	 	
 	
Sex	 	
Holding size	 class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	28.17	 	31.83	 	17.27	 	29.41	 	
Female	 	4.87	 	21.73	 	47.98	 	13.15	 	
Total	 	33.04	 	53.56	 	65.25	 	42.56

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    63	 	
 
 
Table:82 Cost of cultivation of Cowpea 	-Winter per hectare(in Rs) during 201	7-18	, 2018	-19& 	
2019	-20	 	
 
Concept of 	
cost	 	Year	 	Ho	lding Size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	126240	 	123683	 	129959	 	126257	 	
2018	-2019	 	144045	 	148889	 	146553	 	146339	 	
2019	-2020	 	137230	 	147492	 	129133	 	141440	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	435567	 	380532	 	274779	 	407907	 	
2018	-2019	 	422377	 	378768	 	341649	 	393739	 	
2019	-2020	 	400151	 	454935	 	232756	 	415812	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	533889	 	435125	 	311311	 	487444	 	
2018	-2019	 	523916	 	442065	 	386628	 	472119	 	
2019	-2020	 	508358	 	520697	 	237147	 	499075	 	
 
Output	 	
 
Table: 83 	- Value of Product and By	 product per hectare(in Rs)of Cowpe	a -Winter 201	9-20	 	
 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
326292	 	310327	 	557833	 	331754	 	
 
2.11.3 Cowpea 	-summer (Punch	a) during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
 	For the cost of cultivation study on Cowpea (summer) during	 201	9-20	 the total number of 	
holdings selected was	 246	. The details of these holdings are presented below	 	
Table 84: Area and number of holdings under	 Cowpea 	-summer	 	
 
Holding size class	 	No of selected 	
holdings	 	
Area under the crop 
in the sample (ha)	 	
Percentage	 	Area per holding 	
(ha)	 	
Small	 	223	 	13.79	 	66.08	 	0.06	 	
Medium	 	22	 	6.28	 	30.09	 	0.29	 	
Large	 	1 	0.81	 	3.88	 	0.81	 	
Total	 	246	 	20.87	 	100	 	0.08

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    64	 	
 
       	The  total  area  under  cultivation  in the  selected  sample  holdings  covers  to 	20.87 	hectares  and  the 	
average size of a holding is 	0.08 	hectare.	 	
Cost of Cultivation	 	
Cost o	f cultivation of Cowpea (summer) per hectare is estimated as Rs.	135798	/- when cost ‘A’ is 	
considered.    Cost  incurred  for  hired  human  labour  is 	43.7	2%  of  the  total  cost  and  farmyard  manure 	
and chemical fertilizer is 	18.9	3% of the total cost, but the other e	xpenses share is 	21.07	% 	
Table 85: Cost of Cultivation per hectare(in Rs.) of Cowpea (Summer)	 during 201	9-2020	 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Holding size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	57116	 	69438	 	19760	 	59371	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine l	abour	 	2132	 	2231	 	 	2079	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	5434	 	6652	 	9262	 	5949	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers	 	29766	 	17966	 	16401	 	25700	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	1901	 	1795	 	1556	 	1856	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation Cess	 	336	 	274	 	494	 	323	 	
8 	Repair  and  maintenance  charges  of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	2794	 	1545	 	2470	 	2406	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	9635	 	9808	 	4698	 	9495	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	30864	 	25912	 	11362	 	28619	 	
11	 	Total Cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	139977	 	135620	 	66003	 	135798	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	11084	 	3888	 	2032	 	8571	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	151061	 	139508	 	68035	 	144369	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	212671	 	143974	 	60392	 	186113	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	363733	 	283483	 	128426	 	330482	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	132223	 	84618	 	79781	 	115878	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	495956	 	368101	 	208207	 	446360

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    65	 	
 	
Percentage Distribution of “	COST A” per hectare of	 Cowpea(Summer) during	20	19	-20	 	
 	
 
 	 	
 
In  Cowpea  summer 	cultivation	 hired	 male  labour	 participation  accounted  as  27.94	%  of  the  total 	
labour hours.  Details are given below:	 	
Table 86: Percentage of hire	d human labour hours to total human labour hours	 	
 	 
Sex	 	
Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	27.61	 	30.27	 	13.16	 	27.94	 	
Female	 	2.23	 	18.09	 	7.04	 	5.78	 	
Total	 	29.84	 	48.36	 	20.2	 	33.72

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    66	 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 	
Table 87:Cost of cultivation of Cowpea 	-Summer per he	ctare(in Rs) during 201	7-18	, 2018	-19& 	
2019	-20	 	
 	
Concept of 	
cost	 	Year	 	Holding Size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	129069	 	123559	 	50901	 	122157	 	
2018	-2019	 	146448	 	150911	 	156446	 	149400	 	
2019	-2020	 	139977	 	135620	 	66003	 	135798	 	
Cost ‘B’	 	
20	17	-2018	 	400140	 	431401	 	228966	 	401750	 	
2018	-2019	 	399475	 	485290	 	554811	 	452192	 	
2019	-2020	 	363733	 	283483	 	128426	 	330482	 	
Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	496355	 	499028	 	284955	 	484456	 	
2018	-2019	 	502598	 	562754	 	648621	 	543628	 	
2019	-2020	 	495956	 	368101	 	208207	 	446360	 	
 	
Table 88: 	Value of Product and by product per hectare(in Rs) of Cowpea Summer during 201	9-	
20	 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
331335	 	240823	 	129428	 	296293	 	
 	 	 	 	
2.12 Cardamom during	201	9-20	 	
 
Cardamom	 is cultivated widely in Idukki, Palakkad and Wayana	d districts of the state.	 	
 	
Table 89:  Area and Number of holdings under Cardamom cultivation	 	
 	
Holding size class	 	No of selected 	
holdings	 	
Area under the crop in 	
the sample (ha)	 	Percentage	 	Area per 
holding (ha)	 	
Small	 	7 	0.89	 	4.84	 	0.13	 	
Medium	 	14	 	4.94	 	26.88	 	0.35	 	
Large	 	8 	12.55	 	68.28	 	1.57	 	
Total	 	29	 	18.38	 	100	 	0.63	 	
 
For the study	 29	 sample holdings were selected and the total area of crop in the selected area 	
was 	18.38	 hectare.  The average size per holding was	 0.63	 hectare.

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    67	 	
 
 
 
 
Cost of Cultivation	 	
 	 
The  differen	t  cost components  of  Cardamom cultivation is  given  below:    Per  hectare  cost	 for	 	
cultivating	 cardamom  is  estimated as  Rs	160436	/- excluding  interest  on  fixed  capital,  interest  on  land 	
value and inputed value of household labour.	 	
 
 
 
 
 
 	
Table 90:  Cost of Cult	ivation p	er hectare (in Rs.) of Cardamom	 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Holding size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Size	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	40486	 	77220	 	50675	 	57314	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	 	 	 	 	
5 	Farmyard  manure  and  chemical 
fertilizers	 	36149	 	38353	 	67296	 	58009	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	19884	 	31938	 	8633	 	15441	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation Cess	 	320	 	364	 	494	 	451	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and 
building 	 	
5838	 	6054	 	2701	 	3754	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	9652	 	14	751	 	12660	 	13076	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	24139	 	26472	 	6016	 	12391	 	
11	 	Total Cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	136468	 	195152	 	148475	 	160436	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	44342	 	12169	 	4520	 	8506	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	180810	 	207321	 	15299	5 	168942	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	160404	 	120779	 	84695	 	98060	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	341214	 	328100	 	23769	0 	26700	2 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	123612	 	110627	 	57360	 	74884	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	464826	 	438727	 	29505	0 	34188	6

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    68	 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
Percentage Distribution of “	COST A” per hectare of	 Cardamom	 during 	201	9-20 	
 	
 	
 	
When 	Cost  A  is  considering, 	35.72	%  comes  under  hired  human  labour  and 	36.16	%  in  Farmyard 	
manure and chemical fertilizers.	 	
 	 The  following  table  illustrates  the  work  participation  of  cardamom  cultivation.  It  shows 	
that  percentage  of  hired  humen	 labour	 hours  of  females  is  very  high  and  it  is  accounted  as 	
28.32%.

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    69	 	
 	
Table 91: Percentage of hired human labour hours to total human	 labour hours	 	
 	
Sex	 	
Holding size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
Male	 	15.52	 	15.79	 	18.59	 	17.43	 	
Female	 	8.96	 	24.24	 	27.51	 	28.3	2 	
Total	 	24.48	 	40.03	 	46.1	 	45.75	 	
 	
 
 	
        	Table:92 Cost of cultivation of Cardamom per hectare(in Rs) during 201	7-18	, 2018	-19	& 	
201	9-20	 	
 	
Concept of 	
cost	 	Year	 	Holding Size class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All size	 	
 Cost ‘A’	 	
2017	-2018	 	143117	 	156127	 	124997	 	13734	2 	
2018	-2019	 	146133	 	187844	 	135318	 	158512	 	
2019	-2020	 	136468	 	195152	 	148475	 	160436	 	
 Cost ‘B’	 	
2017	-2018	 	156651	 	160221	 	126612	 	141055	 	
2018	-2019	 	286079	 	309779	 	242145	 	274857	 	
2019	-2020	 	341214	 	328100	 	237690	 	267002	 	
 Cost ‘C’	 	
2017	-2018	 	369467	 	407578	 	209444	 	292	774	 	
2018	-2019	 	404413	 	412392	 	336952	 	375186	 	
2019	-2020	 	464826	 	438727	 	295050	 	341886	 	
 
 
 
Value of Out put	 	
 	
 	
Table 93: Value of Output per hectare (in Rs) of Cardamom	 	
 
The estimated value of output per hectare is Rs.	460312	/- 	
 	
Holding Size Class	 	
Small	 	Medium	 	Large	 	All Sizes	 	
526335	 	530848	 	427868	 	460312

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    70	 	
 	
 
 	
Sample size,	 area under each crop and average size of each holding selected for cost of cultivation survey 	
201	9-20	20	 is given below.	 	
Table 94:	 Area, Sample size and Average Area per holding of some crops d	uring the year 201	9-20	20	 	
 
Sl.	 	
No.	 	
 	
Name  of  Crop	 	Sample Size	 	Area under the crop in 	
the sample (ha)	 	
Average Area per 	
holding (ha)	 	
1 	Paddy Autumn	 	447	 	390.	97	 	0.87	 	
2 	Paddy Winter	 	524	 	531.0	6 	1.01	 	
3 	Paddy Summer	 	458	 	516.1	5 	1.13	 	
4 	Coconut	 	760	 	310.6	1 	0.41	 	
5 	Arecanut	 	754	 	103.0	4 	0.14	 	
6 	Tapioca	 	555	 	112.04	 	0.2	 	
7 	Banana	 	54	8 	133.	22	 	0.24	 	
8 	Pepper	 	537	 	58.26	 	0.11	 	
9 	Ginger	 	436	 	33.66	 	0.08	 	
10	 	Turmeric	 	475	 	28.89	 	0.06	 	
11	 	Pineapple	 	213	 	371.5	 	1.74	 	
12	 	Bitter gourd Autumn	 	224	 	35.15	 	0.16	 	
13	 	Bitter gourd Winter	 	265	 	38.0	2 	0.14	 	
14	 	Bitter gourd Summer	 	190	 	13.66	 	0.07	 	
15	 	Cowpea Autumn	 	231	 	27.2	 	0.12	 	
16	 	Cowpea Winter	 	303	 	33.21	 	0.11	 	
17	 	Cowpea Summer	 	246	 	20.87	 	0.08	 	
18	 	Cardamom	 	29	 	18.38	 	0.63

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    71	 	
 
 
The  Cost of Cultivation  of Crops are  Calculated  under  three  different  cost	  concepts viz, Cost A, 	
B and C respectively  is  shown  in the  table  given  below.	 	
Table 95:	 COST A, B AND C OF SOME OF CROPS (PER HECTRE) DURING THE YEAR 201	9-2020	 	
                   	 	
Sl.no	 	
 	
Name  of  Crop	 	
 	
Cost A	 	
₹  
 	
 	
Cost B	 	
₹ 	
 	
Cost C	 	
₹ 	
1 	Paddy Autum	n 	67722	 	227413	 	233790	 	
2 	Paddy Winter	 	74401	 	241021	 	248666	 	
3 	Paddy Summer	 	68703	 	192252	 	200344	 	
4 	Coconut	 	77584	 	528621	 	538493	 	
5 	Arecanut	 	103454	 	549618	 	570114	 	
6 	Tapioca	 	121258	 	477608	 	508015	 	
7 	Banana	 	219792	 	533209	 	575733	 	
8 	Pepper	 	82583	 	426577	 	453850	 	
9 	Ginger	 	204188	 	464225	 	510544	 	
10	 	Turmeric	 	129665	 	480656	 	540011	 	
11	 	Pineapple	 	245327	 	706782	 	722762	 	
12	 	Bitter gourd Autumn	 	145821	 	447524	 	508772	 	
13	 	Bitter gourd Winter	 	144796	 	376233	 	440969	 	
14	 	Bitter gourd Summer	 	156830	 	386678	 	50721	6  	
15	 	Cowpea Autumn	 	143289	 	500247	 	564618	 	
16	 	Cowpea Winter	 	141440	 	415812	 	499075	 	
17	 	Cowpea Summer	 	135798	 	330482	 	446360	 	
18	 	Cardamom	 	160436	 	267002	 	341886	 	
 	
 Cost    of    Cultivation    study    2018	-2019  revealed  the  three  categories  of  cost  including  the  components  thereon  and  also    the  	
value  of Output  received  per hectare by the  cultivators during the  period  of  study  table  no     given below shown  th	e  result.

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    72	 	
 
Table 9	6: Cost of cultivation per hectare (in 	Rs	) during the year 201	9-20	20	 	
 	 	
                                                   	                                                                      	Contd.. Table 96:	 	
 	
 	
Sl.no	 	
 	
components	 	
Paddy	 	 	
Coconut	 	
 	
Arecan	ut 	
 	
Tapioca	 	
 	
Banana	 	
 	
Pepper	 	Ginger	 	Autumn	 	Winter	 	Summer	 	
 
1 	
 
2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	8 	9 	10	 	11	 	
1 	Hired Human 
Labour	 	27536	 	32158	 	25903	 	48264	 	57267	 	61337	 	83993	 	52640	 	73666	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	12	 	23	 	5 	 	 	 	2 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	8280	 	8687	 	8484	 	743	 	1234	 	4847	 	3188	 	601	 	2494	 	
4 	Seed /seedlings	 	3818	 	3205	 	3600	 	715	 	400	 	7641	 	28575	 	1210	 	63120	 	
5 	Farmyard 
manure and 
chemical 
fertilizers	 	
7591	 	7411	 	7735	 	16860	 	30129	 	22752	 	51777	 	16311	 	28677	 	
6 	Plant Protection	 	2493	 	1492	 	2602	 	 	 	341	 	1558	 	639	 	1434	 	
7 	Land tax and 
irrigation cess	 	210	 	191	 	574	 	392	 	584	 	227	 	281	 	363	 	245	 	
8 	Repair and 
maintenance 
charges of 
implements, 
machinery and 
building	 	
179	 	186	 	238	 	382	 	1117	 	533	 	563	 	1056	 	839	 	
9 	Interest on 
working capital	 	4973	 	5297	 	4833	 	6658	 	8903	 	9692	 	16909	 	7140	 	16939	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	12630	 	15751	 	14729	 	3570	 	3820	 	13888	 	32946	 	2623	 	16774	 	
11	 	Total cost 'A'(1	-	
10)	 	67722	 	74401	 	68703	 	77584	 	103454	 	121258	 	219792	 	82583	 	204188	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed 
capital	 	1648	 	2335	 	1941	 	5136	 	10543	 	2333	 	5666	 	9942	 	5486	 	
13	 	Cost 'B1'(11+12)	 	69370	 	76736	 	70644	 	82720	 	113997	 	123591	 	22545	8 	92525	 	209674	 	
14	 	Interest on land 
value	 	158043	 	164285	 	121608	 	445901	 	435621	 	354017	 	307751	 	334052	 	254551	 	
15	 	Cost 'B'(13+14)	 	227413	 	241021	 	192252	 	528621	 	549618	 	477608	 	533209	 	426577	 	464225	 	
16	 	Inputed value of 
household labour	 	6377	 	7645	 	8092	 	9872	 	20496	 	3040	7 	42524	 	27273	 	46319	 	
17	 	Cost 'C'(15+16))	 	233790	 	248666	 	200344	 	538493	 	570114	 	508015	 	575733	 	453850	 	510544	 	
18	 	Value of Output 
received (Rs.Ha)	 	101978	 	119186	 	129568	 	161620	 	260726	 	337498	 	525063	 	192577	 	599480

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    73	 	
 	
Table 96:	 Cost of cultivation per hectare (in 	Rs) of some crops during the year 201	9-2020 	
 
 
Sl.no	 	
 
 
components	 	
 
 
Turmeric	 	
 
 
Pineapple	 	
Bitter gourd	 	
Cowpea	 	Cardamo
m 	
Autumn	 	Winter	 	Summer	 	Autumn	 	Winter	 	Summer	 	
12	 	13	 	14	 	15	 	16	 	17	 	18	 	19	 	20	 	21	 	22	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	60674	 	47719	 	53424	 	54839	 	58825	 	58572	 	58441	 	59371	 	57314	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	51	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	2426	 	3397	 	5318	 	2311	 	731	 	5935	 	3396	 	2079	 	 	
4 	Seed /seedlin	gs 	21697	 	89838	 	8551	 	8608	 	6593	 	4671	 	5729	 	5949	 	 	
5 	Farmyard manure 
and chemical 
fertilizers	 	
24217	 	33492	 	25081	 	3690	 	30831	 	24168	 	26110	 	25700	 	58009	 	
6 	Plant Protection	 	240	 	5649	 	2857	 	26300	 	2767	 	2268	 	2470	 	1856	 	15441	 	
7 	Land tax and 
irrigation cess	 	
300	 	105	 	1121	 	18	6 	210	 	273	 	278	 	323	 	451	 	
8 	Repair and 
maintenance charges 
of implements, 
machinery and 
building	 	
1040	 	148	 	823	 	895	 	2406	 	1035	 	1462	 	2406	 	3754	 	
9 	Interest on working 
capital	 	
10925	 	18010	 	9523	 	9575	 	9975	 	9561	 	9620	 	9495	 	13076	 	
 
10	 	Other expenses	 	
8146	 	46969	 	39123	 	3839	2 	44492	 	36806	 	33883	 	28619	 	12391	 	
11	 	Total cost 'A'(1	-10)	 	129665	 	245327	 	145821	 	144796	 	156830	 	143289	 	141440	 	135798	 	160436	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed 
capital	 	
2687	 	536	 	7092	 	9720	 	9320	 	8691	 	12148	 	8571	 	8506	 	
13	 	Cost 'B1'(11+12)	 	132352	 	245863	 	152913	 	154516	 	166150	 	15198	0 	153588	 	144369	 	168942	 	
14	 	Interest on land 
value	 	
348304	 	460919	 	294611	 	221717	 	220528	 	348267	 	262224	 	186113	 	98060	 	
15	 	Cost 'B'(13+14)	 	480656	 	706782	 	447524	 	376233	 	386678	 	500247	 	415812	 	330482	 	267002	 	
16	 	Inputed value of 
household labour	 	
59355	 	15980	 	61248	 	64736	 	120538	 	64371	 	83263	 	115878	 	74884	 	
17	 	Cost 'C'(15+16))	 	540011	 	722762	 	508772	 	440969	 	507216	 	564618	 	499075	 	446360	 	341886	 	
18	 	Value of Output 
received (Rs.Ha)	 	
301175	 	364160	 	407637	 	412135	 	350825	 	370415	 	331754	 	296293	 	460312

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    74	 	
 	
The  value  of  output  including  both  mai	n  product  and  by	  	SW	product  of  each  crop 	
included 	  in the survey during 201	9-20	20	 is shown below.	 	
       	Table 9	7:    Value of Output per	 hectare (	In Rs.) of 	some crops during the year	 201	9-20	20	 	
 	
Sl.no	 	
 	
Name  of  Crop	 	
Value  of  Output	 	
In Rupees	 	
1 	Paddy 	Autumn	 	101978	 	
2 	Paddy Winter	 	119186	 	
3 	Paddy Summer	 	129568	 	
4 	Coconut	 	161620	 	
5 	Arecanut	 	260726	 	
6 	Tapioca	 	337498	 	
7 	Banana	 	525063	 	
8 	Pepper	 	192577	 	
9 	Ginger	 	599480	 	
10	 	Turmeric	 	301175	 	
11	 	Pineapple	 	364160	 	
12	 	Bitter gourd Autumn	 	407637	 	
13	 	Bitter gourd W	inter	 	412135	 	
14	 	
Bitter gourd Summer	 	350825	 	
15	 	Cowpea Autumn	 	370415	 	
16	 	Cowpea Winter	 	331754	 	
17	 	Cowpea Summer	 	296293	 	
18	 	Cardamom	 	
 	460312

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    75	 	
 	
Comparison    table    for  the    cost  of    cultivation	 cost  A	  of  crops  such  as    paddy(3season),  coconut,arecanut,  tap	ioca,  banana, 	
pepper,ginger,turmeric from  2010	-2011 to 201	9-2020 is given in the  table below.	 Cost of cultivation of crops during 2010	-11has more 	
or less doubled during 201	9-20. 	
 
 
 
 	
 	
 	
CROP	 	2010	-11 	2011	-12 	2012	-13 	2013	-14 	2014	-15 	2015	-16 	2016	-17 	2017	-18 	2018	-19 	2019	-20 	
Paddyautum	 	32019	 	32713	 	35968	 	53142	 	50895	 	51823	 	52818	 	57369	 	58545	 	67722	 	
Paddy winter	 	41133	 	36491	 	43955	 	50166	 	51851	 	55044	 	59600	 	61663	 	70626	 	74401	 	
Paddy summer	 	37957	 	38878	 	41862	 	50674	 	52312	 	58555	 	54109	 	57200	 	69235	 	68703	 	
Coconut	 	33343	 	37361	 	42390	 	49277	 	52588	 	61429	 	67062	 	48434	 	74536	 	77584	 	
Arecanut	 	45534	 	40560	 	41114	 	47912	 	53665	 	68723	 	72041	 	84897	 	100395	 	103454	 	
Tapioca	 	48474	 	50907	 	59770	 	62703	 	69925	 	85382	 	95899	 	103061	 	111688	 	121258	 	
Banana	 	104903	 	130342	 	128621	 	129956	 	131933	 	176400	 	182921	 	186081	 	216796	 	219792	 	
Pepper	 	38052	 	48121	 	47981	 	57947	 	57300	 	59074	 	77019	 	76510	 	78925	 	82583	 	
Ginger	 	112123	 	91914	 	92885	 	99827	 	109816	 	196316	 	235296	 	238820	 	208761	 	204188	 	
Turmeric	 	59707	 	75384	 	76825	 	85016	 	91467	 	73625	 	120755	 	137084	 	140032	 	129665

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    76	 	
 	
 
 	
ANNEXURE 	 	
A1.1 Distri	ct wise Area and number of holding under Autumn Paddy during 201	9-20	 	
 	
 	
Sl 
No	 	District	 	Sample Size	 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average Area 
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	45	 	17.06	 	4.36	 	0.38	 	
2 	Kollam	 	46	 	46.83	 	11.98	 	1.02	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	20	 	13.25	 	3.39	 	0.66	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	50	 	75.38	 	19.29	 	1.51	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	30	 	42.55	 	10.89	 	1.42	 	
6 	Idukki	 	15	 	4.6	 	1.18	 	0.31	 	
7 	Ernakulam	 	45	 	27.11	 	6.94	 	0.6	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	45	 	63.43	 	16.23	 	1.41	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	16	 	41.06	 	10.5	 	2.57	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	45	 	29.02	 	7.42	 	0.64	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	30	 	6.98	 	1.79	 	0.23	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	 	 	 	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	30	 	9.35	 	2.39	 	0.31	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	30	 	14.26	 	3.65	 	0.48	 	
 	State	 	447	 	390.	97	 	100	 	0.87

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    77	 	
 	
 	
A1.2 District wise Area and number of holding under Winter Paddy during 201	9-20	 	
 
 
 
 	
                                                                                    	  	
 
Sl 
No	 	District	 	Sample Size	 	
Area	 under the 	
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average Area per 	
holding (ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	45	 	18.48	 	3.48	 	0.41	 	
2 	Kollam	 	60	 	64.25	 	12.1	 	1.07	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	36	 	82.01	 	15.44	 	2.28	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	75	 	91.5	 	17.23	 	1.22	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	30	 	32.13	 	6.05	 	1.07	 	
6 	Idulkki	 	15	 	4.51	 	0.85	 	0.3	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	38	 	19.42	 	3.66	 	0.51	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	45	 	66.58	 	12.54	 	1.48	 	
                                                                                                                     
9 	Palakkad	 	30	 	34.43	 	6.48	 	1.15	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	45	 	62.11	 	11.7	 	1.38	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	30	 	11.56	 	2.18	 	0.39	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	15	 	20.38	 	3.84	 	1.36	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	30	 	15.26	 	2.87	 	0.51	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	30	 	8.43	 	1.59	 	0.28	 	
 	State	 	524	 	531.06	 	100	 	1.01

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    78	 	
 
 
 
                                                                                                                             	                                    	 	
 
A1.3 District wise Area and number of holding under Summer Paddy during 201	9-20	 	
 	
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 
 
 	
Sl 
No	 	District	 	Sample Size	 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average Area 
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	39	 	9.56	 	1.85	 	0.25	 	
2 	Kollam	 	32	 	15.9	 	3.08	 	0.5	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	60	 	109.61	 	21.24	 	1.83	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	70	 	106.58	 	20.65	 	1.52	 	
5 	Kottaya	m 	45	 	105	 	20.34	 	2.33	 	
6 	Idukki	 	4 	2.28	 	0.44	 	0.57	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	20	 	8.97	 	1.74	 	0.45	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	45	 	70.38	 	13.64	 	1.56	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	22	 	16.17	 	3.13	 	0.74	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	43	 	38.33	 	7.43	 	0.89	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	30	 	9.91	 	1.92	 	0.33	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	15	 	6.66	 	1.29	 	0.44	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	3 	0.87	 	0.17	 	0.29	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	30	 	15.91	 	3.08	 	0.53	 	
 	State	 	458	 	516.15	 	100	 	1.13

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    79	 	
 	
 
 
 	
A1.4 District wise Area and number of holding under Coconut during 201	9-20	 	
 	 	
Sl 
No	 	District	 	Sample Size	 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
Perce	ntage  	
Area	 	
Average Area 
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	60	 	18.74	 	6.03	 	0.31	 	
2 	Kollam	 	80	 	20.22	 	6.51	 	0.25	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	80	 	20.93	 	6.74	 	0.26	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	100	 	30.67	 	9.87	 	0.31	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	60	 	20.64	 	6.64	 	0.34	 	
6 	Idulkki	 	20	 	6.47	 	2.08	 	0.32	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	60	 	20.88	 	6.72	 	0.35	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	60	 	30.3	 	9.75	 	0.51	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	40	 	28.1	 	9.05	 	0.7	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	60	 	43.59	 	14.03	 	0.73	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	40	 	20.37	 	6.56	 	0.51	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	20	 	7.73	 	2.49	 	0.39	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	40	 	19.42	 	6.25	 	0.49	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	40	 	22.57	 	7.27	 	0.56	 	
 	State	 	760	 	310.	61	 	100	 	0.41

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    80	 	
 
                                        	         	 	
 
 	
Sl 
No	 	District	 	Sample Size	 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average Area 
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	60	 	5.79	 	5.62	 	0.1	 	
2 	Kollam	 	80	 	2.91	 	2.82	 	0.04	 	
3 	Pathana	mthitta	 	80	 	3.74	 	3.63	 	0.05	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	94	 	4.05	 	3.93	 	0.04	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	60	 	2.36	 	2.29	 	0.04	 	
6 	Idukki	 	20	 	1.76	 	1.71	 	0.09	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	60	 	4.15	 	4.03	 	0.07	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	60	 	7.19	 	6.98	 	0.12	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	40	 	10.41	 	10.1	 	0.26	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	60	 	24.68	 	23.95	 	0.41	 	
11	 	Kozhikkod	e 	40	 	4.85	 	4.71	 	0.12	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	20	 	9.9	 	9.61	 	0.5	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	40	 	5.89	 	5.72	 	0.15	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	40	 	15.35	 	14.9	 	0.38	 	
 	State	 	754	 	103.0	4 	100	 	0.14	 	
 
 	
 
 
 	
A1.5 District wise Area and number of holding under Arecanut during 201	9-20

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    81	 	
 
 
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 	
Sl 
No	 	District	 	Sample Size	 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average Area per 	
holding	 (ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	45	 	8.75	 	7.81	 	0.19	 	
2 	Kollam	 	60	 	6.6	 	5.89	 	0.11	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	60	 	13.54	 	12.08	 	0.23	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	66	 	5.42	 	4.84	 	0.08	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	45	 	13.53	 	12.08	 	0.3	 	
6 	Idukki	 	15	 	3.59	 	3.2	 	0.24	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	42	 	9.28	 	8.28	 	0.22	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	45	 	17.74	 	15.	83	 	0.39	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	30	 	3.9	 	3.48	 	0.13	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	45	 	16.49	 	14.72	 	0.37	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	30	 	4.22	 	3.77	 	0.14	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	15	 	2.85	 	2.54	 	0.19	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	30	 	3.15	 	2.81	 	0.11	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	27	 	2.98	 	2.66	 	0.11	 	
 	State	 	555	 	112.04	 	100	 	0.2	 	
A1.6 District wise Area and number of holding under Tapioca during 201	9-20

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    82	 	
 	
 	
A1.7 District wise Area and	 number of holding under Banana during 201	9-20	 	
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 
Sl 
No	 	
District	 	Sample Size	 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average Area per 	
holding (ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	45	 	9.57	 	7.17	 	0.21	 	
2 	Kollam	 	60	 	9.36	 	7.01	 	0.16	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	60	 	11.85	 	8.87	 	0.2	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	54	 	7.19	 	5.38	 	0.13	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	45	 	10.31	 	7.72	 	0.23	 	
6 	Idukki	 	15	 	3.88	 	2.91	 	0.26	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	45	 	13.47	 	10.09	 	0.3	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	45	 	14.62	 	10.95	 	0.32	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	30	 	16.09	 	12.05	 	0.54	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	45	 	13.92	 	10.42	 	0.31	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	30	 	9.81	 	7.35	 	0.33	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	15	 	2.67	 	2 	0.18	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	30	 	6.45	 	4.83	 	0.22	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	30	 	4.33	 	3.24	 	0.14	 	
 	State	 	549	 	133.53	 	100	 	0.24

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    83	 	
 	
 	
A1.8 District wise Area and number of holding under Pepper during 201	9-20	 	
 	
     	 
 	
 
 
 
 	
 
 
 
 	
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 
 
 
 	
Sl 
No	 	District	 	Sample Size	 	
Area under the 
crop i	n the 	
sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average Area 
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	45	 	5.8	 	9.96	 	0.13	 	
2 	Kollam	 	60	 	3 	5.15	 	0.05	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	60	 	10.06	 	17.27	 	0.17	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	45	 	1.54	 	2.64	 	0.03	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	45	 	4.71	 	8.08	 	0.1	 	
6 	Idukki	 	15	 	1.58	 	2.71	 	0.11	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	42	 	2 	3.43	 	0.05	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	45	 	2.86	 	4.91	 	0.06	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	30	 	5.19	 	8.91	 	0.17	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	45	 	7.22	 	12.39	 	0.16	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	30	 	1.77	 	3.04	 	0.06	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	15	 	6.11	 	10.49	 	0.41	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	30	 	2.99	 	5.13	 	0.1	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	30	 	3.41	 	5.85	 	0.11	 	
 	State	 	53	7 	58.26	 	100	 	0.11

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    84	 	
 	
 
 	
A1.9 District wise Area and number of holding under Ginger 	during 201	9-20	 	
 
 
 
 	
 
Sl 
No	 	
 	
District	 	
 	
Sample Size	 	
 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
 	
Average Area 
per holding 	
(ha	) 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	42	 	2.2	 	6.54	 	0.05	 	
2 	Kollam	 	60	 	2.21	 	6.57	 	0.04	 	
3 	Pathanam	thitta	 	60	 	3.28	 	9.74	 	0.05	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	25	 	0.77	 	2.29	 	0.03	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	45	 	2.69	 	7.99	 	0.06	 	
6 	Idukki	 	13	 	0.74	 	2.2	 	0.06	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	33	 	1.83	 	5.44	 	0.06	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	45	 	2.43	 	7.22	 	0.05	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	19	 	7.54	 	22.4	 	0.4	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	12	 	0.87	 	2.58	 	0.07	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	26	 	1.92	 	5.7	 	0.07	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	15	 	2.83	 	8.41	 	0.19	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	22	 	2.62	 	7.78	 	0.12	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	19	 	1.72	 	5.11	 	0.09	 	
 	State	 	436	 	33.66	 	100	 	0.08

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    85	 	
 	
 	
A1.10 District wise Area and number of holdi	ng under Turmeric during 201	9-20	 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
Sl 
No	 	District	 	Sample Size	 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average Area 
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	38	 	3.04	 	10.52	 	0.08	 	
2 	Kollam	 	60	 	2.29	 	7.93	 	0.04	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	56	 	3.4	 	11.77	 	0.06	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	25	 	0.81	 	2.8	 	0.03	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	45	 	1.94	 	6.72	 	0.04	 	
6 	Idukki	 	15	 	1.29	 	4.47	 	0.09	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	35	 	1.61	 	5.57	 	0.05	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	45	 	6.43	 	22.26	 	0.14	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	23	 	1.4	 	4.85	 	0.06	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	33	 	2.35	 	8.13	 	0.07	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	30	 	0.96	 	3.32	 	0.03	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	15	 	0.4	 	1.38	 	0.03	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	30	 	1.13	 	3.91	 	0.04	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	25	 	1.83	 	6.33	 	0.07	 	
 	State	 	475	 	28.89	 	100	 	0.06

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    86	 	
 	
 
 	
 
 
 	
 	
A1.11 District wise Area and number of holding	 	
under Pineapple during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl 
No	 	
 	
District	 	
 	
Sample Size	 	
 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample	 (ha)	 	
 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
 	
Average Area 
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	3 	0.65	 	0.17	 	0.22	 	
2 	Kollam	 	30	 	2.13	 	0.57	 	0.07	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	9 	19.21	 	5.17	 	2.13	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	1 	0.06	 	0.02	 	0.06	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	45	 	148.35	 	39.93	 	3.3	 	
6 	Idukki	 	15	 	34.66	 	9.33	 	2.31	 	
7 	Eran	akulam	 	31	 	39.5	 	10.63	 	1.27	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	29	 	79.32	 	21.35	 	2.74	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	5 	2.81	 	0.76	 	0.56	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	11	 	4.39	 	1.18	 	0.4	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	8 	5.49	 	1.48	 	0.69	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	 	 	 	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	13	 	32.27	 	8.69	 	2.48	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	13	 	2.65	 	0.71	 	0.2	 	
 	State	 	213	 	371.5	 	100	 	1.74

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    87	 	
 	
 	
 
 
 
 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 
 
 
 	
A1.12 District wise Area and number of holding und	er Bitter Gourd (Autumn) 	
during 	  201	9-20	 	
 
Sl 
No	 	
 	
District	 	
 	
Sample Size	 	
 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
 	
Average Area 
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	30	 	2.02	 	5.7	5 	0.07	 	
2 	Kollam	 	37	 	2.79	 	7.94	 	0.08	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	24	 	1.95	 	5.55	 	0.08	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	18	 	0.68	 	1.93	 	0.04	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	30	 	4.7	 	13.37	 	0.16	 	
6 	Idukki	 	 	 	 	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	17	 	2.91	 	8.28	 	0.17	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	25	 	4.86	 	13.83	 	0.19	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	20	 	11.93	 	33.94	 	0.6	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	11 	1.6	 	4.55	 	0.15	 	
11	 	Kozhik	ode	 	1 	0.02	 	0.06	 	0.02	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	 	 	 	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	11	 	1.68	 	4.78	 	0.15	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	 	 	 	 	
 	State	 	224	 	35.15	 	100	 	0.16

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    88	 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 	
 	 	
A1.13 District wise Area and number of holding under Bitter Gourd (Winter) duri	ng    	
201	9-20	 	
Sl 
No	 	District	 	Sample Size	 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average Area 
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	30	 	2.91	 	7.65	 	0.1	 	
2 	Kollam	 	35	 	1.77	 	4.66	 	0.05	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	27	 	1.79	 	4.71	 	0.07	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	18	 	0.95	 	2.5	 	0.05	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	22	 	4.41	 	11.6	 	0.2	 	
6 	Idukki	 	10	 	0.91	 	2.39	 	0.09	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	14	 	0.9	 	2.37	 	0.06	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	30	 	1.96	 	5.16	 	0.07	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	19	 	10.83	 	28.49	 	0.57	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	19	 	8.42	 	22.15	 	0.44	 	
11	 	Kozhi	kode	 	10	 	0.49	 	1.29	 	0.05	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	2 	0.08	 	0.21	 	0.04	 	
13	 	Ka	nnur	 	16	 	2.08	 	5.47	 	0.13	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	13	 	0.52	 	1.37	 	0.04	 	
 	State	 	265	 	38.02	 	100	 	0.14

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    89	 	
 
 	
 
 
 
 	
A1.14 District wise Area and number of holding under Bitter Gourd (Summer) 	
during   201	9-20	 	
Sl 
No	 	District	 	Sample Size	 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
Percent	age  	
Area	 	
Average Area 
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	30	 	2.38	 	17.42	 	0.08	 	
2 	Kollam	 	25	 	1.36	 	9.96	 	0.05	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	34	 	1.94	 	14.2	 	0.06	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	17	 	0.57	 	4.17	 	0.03	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	3 	0.34	 	2.49	 	0.11	 	
6 	Idukki	 	 	 	 	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	10	 	2.22	 	16.25	 	0.22	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	26	 	1.62	 	11.86	 	0.06	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	5 	0.81	 	5.93	 	0.16	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	9 	1.37	 	10.03	 	0.15	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	10	 	0.39	 	2.86	 	0.04	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	2 	0.08	 	0.59	 	0.04	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	5 	0.22	 	1.61	 	0.04	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	14	 	0.36	 	2.64	 	0.03	 	
 	State	 	190	 	13.66	 	100	 	0.07

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    90	 	
 
A1.15 Distri	ct wise Area and number of holding under Cowpea (Autumn) during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 
 	
Sl 
No	 	District	 	Sample Size	 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average Area 
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	30	 	1.77	 	6.51	 	0.06	 	
2 	Kollam	 	37	 	3.38	 	12.43	 	0.0	9 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	30	 	1.97	 	7.24	 	0.07	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	25	 	0.95	 	3.49	 	0.04	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	30	 	4.9	 	18.01	 	0.16	 	
6 	Idukki	 	 	 	 	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	6 	0.38	 	1.4	 	0.06	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	26	 	3.1	 	11.4	 	0.12	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	20	 	6.44	 	23.68	 	0.32	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	14	 	1.57	 	5.77	 	0.11	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	1 	0.0	2 	0.07	 	0.02	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	 	 	 	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	12	 	2.74	 	10.07	 	0.23	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	 	 	 	 	
 	State	 	231	 	27.2	 	100	 	0.12

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    91	 	
 	
 
 	
 
 
 
 	
A1.17 District wise Area and number of holding under Cowpea (	Winter	) during 	
201	9-20	 	
Sl 
No	 	District	 	Sample Size	 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average Area 
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	30	 	2.61	 	7.86	 	0.09	 	
2 	Kollam	 	35	 	2.17	 	6.53	 	0.06	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	32	 	2.77	 	8.34	 	0.09	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	29	 	1.38	 	4.16	 	0.05	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	30	 	4.42	 	13.31	 	0.15	 	
6 	Idukki	 	10	 	1.56	 	4.7	 	0.16	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	14	 	1.15	 	3.46	 	0.08	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	30	 	3.62	 	10.9	 	0.12	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	20	 	5.15	 	15.51	 	0.26	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	17	 	2.65	 	7.98	 	0.16	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	10	 	0.51	 	1.54	 	0.05	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	10	 	1.74	 	5.24	 	0.17	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	20	 	2.6	 	7.83	 	0.13	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	16	 	0.89	 	2.68	 	0.06	 	
 	State	 	303	 	33.21	 	100	 	0.11

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    92	 	
 
 	 	
 	
 
 
 	
A1.17 District wise Area and number of holding under Cowpea (Summer) during 	
201	9-20	 	
Sl 
No	 	District	 	Sample Size	 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average Area 
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	30	 	2.17	 	10.4	 	0.07	 	
2 	Ko	llam	 	32	 	1.65	 	7.91	 	0.05	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	40	 	2.81	 	13.46	 	0.07	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	31	 	1.55	 	7.43	 	0.05	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	24	 	2.86	 	13.7	 	0.12	 	
6 	Idukki	 	 	 	 	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	3 	0.2	 	0.96	 	0.07	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	26	 	3.04	 	14.57	 	0.12	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	4 	0.36	 	1.72	 	0.09	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	14	 	1.45	 	6.95	 	0.1	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	9 	0.27	 	1.29	 	0.03	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	10	 	2.19	 	10.49	 	0.22	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	7 	0.99	 	4.74	 	0.14	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	16	 	1.34	 	6.42	 	0.08	 	
 	State	 	246	 	20.87	 	100	 	0.08

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    93	 	
 	
 
 	
 	A2.1 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hecta	re (in Rs) of Autumn Paddy during 	201	9-20	 	
 
Sl No	 	Components	 	Thiruvan	nth	
apuram	 	Kollam	 	Pathanm
thitt	a 	Alappuzha	 	Kottaya	m 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	57834	 	31219	 	43706	 	22768	 	24479	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	17870	 	 	 	10233	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	2528	 	2808	 	4258	 	3216	 	3793	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	9049	 	9279	 	9724	 	7780	 	5021	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	549	 	4492	 	875	 	3352	 	6922	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	330	 	168	 	39	 	351	 	311	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	196	 	908	 	185	 	 	97	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	8783	 	4780	 	5856	 	4735	 	4022	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	10713	 	32610	 	15604	 	10245	 	19260	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	107852	 	86263	 	80247	 	62680	 	63904	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	465	 	1085	 	65	 	57	 	166	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	108318	 	87348	 	80312	 	62737	 	64070	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	388607	 	154210	 	62709	 	95500	 	80880	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	496925	 	241558	 	143021	 	158236	 	144950	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	17561	 	4741	 	9710	 	2740	 	9946	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	514486	 	246300	 	152731	 	160976	 	154896	 	
A1.18 District wise Area and number of holding under Cardamom during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl 
No	 	District	 	Sample	 Size	 	
Area under the 
crop in the 
sample (ha)	 	
Percentage  	
Area	 	
Average Area 
per holding 	
(ha)	 	
1 	Idukki	 	8 	2.09	 	11.37	 	0.26	 	
2 	Palakkad	 	6 	8.83	 	48.04	 	1.47	 	
3 	Wayanad	 	15	 	7.47	 	40.64	 	0.5	 	
 	State	 	29	 	18.38	 	100	 	0.63

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    94	 	
 	
A2.1 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Autumn P	addy	 during 	201	9-20	 	
 
Sl No	 	Components	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappuram	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	29479	 	41561	 	18403	 	15300	 	27754	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	138	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	18442	 	10155	 	12861	 	10382	 	12237	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	2799	 	13352	 	3648	 	2679	 	2606	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	5727	 	5110	 	8980	 	5108	 	7021	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	15	 	1474	 	1255	 	1601	 	360	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	65	 	55	 	186	 	94	 	122	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance c	harges of 	
implements, machinery and building 	 	314	 	89	 	19	 	 	143	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	5646	 	7165	 	4515	 	3507	 	5012	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	978	 	5972	 	10013	 	5069	 	7233	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	63466	 	84933	 	59880	 	43739	 	62626	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	4402	 	289	 	192	 	10940	 	1044	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	67868	 	85221	 	60072	 	54679	 	63670	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	312293	 	414733	 	176872	 	89783	 	150826	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	380161	 	499954	 	236944	 	144462	 	214495	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	12123	 	5508	 	3457	 	2355	 	6630	 	
17 	Cost	 ‘C’ (15+16)	 	392283	 	505462	 	240401	 	146817	 	221126

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    95	 	
 	
A2.1 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of 	Autumn	 Paddy	 during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	
 
Kasargod	 	
 	
State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	27772	 	 	36788	 	40422	 	27536	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	56	 	12	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	1762	 	 	10767	 	6312	 	8280	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	3481	 	 	1557	 	1870	 	3818	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	12407	 	 	8328	 	9604	 	7591	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	21	 	 	3 	 	2493	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	100	 	 	222	 	313	 	210	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	524	 	 	97	 	252	 	179	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	4544	 	 	5744	 	5826	 	4973	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	14827	 	 	10406	 	572	 	12630	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	65439	 	 	73912	 	65228	 	67722	 	
12 	Interest on fixed cap	ital	 	1304	 	 	811	 	2588	 	1648	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	66744	 	 	74724	 	67817	 	69370	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	166706	 	 	145915	 	137642	 	158043	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	233450	 	 	220638	 	205458	 	227413	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	13315	 	 	20420	 	15083	 	6377	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15	+16)	 	246765	 	 	241058	 	220541	 	233790

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    96	 	
 
A2.2 District wise Cost of Cu	ltivation per hectare (in Rs.) 	of Winter 	Paddy	 during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Thiruvan	nth	
apuram	 	Kollam	 	Pathanamt	
hitta	 	Alappuzha	 	Kottayam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	56643	 	32758	 	52052	 	24	104	 	26300	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	11195	 	 	1402	 	10435	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	2502	 	2643	 	3985	 	4002	 	4218	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	9618	 	7094	 	7815	 	7315	 	4633	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	515	 	136	 	217	 	2468	 	6705	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	227	 	236	 	16	 	376	 	310	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building	 	113	 	427	 	23	 	 	43	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	8047	 	4263	 	6547	 	4832	 	4186	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	10450	 	29483	 	24566	 	7825	 	20860	 	
11	 	Total cost	 ‘A’ (1	-10)	 	99310	 	77040	 	96623	 	61358	 	67254	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	414	 	388	 	4764	 	45	 	172	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	99724	 	77428	 	101386	 	61403	 	67426	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	255741	 	145602	 	58009	 	94626	 	177786	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	355465	 	223030	 	159395	 	156029	 	245212	 	
16	 	Imputed value of house	hold labour	 	17595	 	7527	 	6511	 	3211	 	12693	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	373060	 	230557	 	165906	 	159240	 	257905

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    97	 	
 	
A2.	2 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Winter P	addy	 during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappu	ram	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	33702	 	37964	 	14734	 	18677	 	33060	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	10764	 	10208	 	17657	 	12781	 	20556	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	2661	 	2241	 	2976	 	3266	 	1972	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	9331	 	11105	 	7800	 	3825	 	7890	 	
6 	Plant protec	tion	 	235	 	1972	 	1595	 	2384	 	1232	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	53	 	63	 	167	 	116	 	78	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	1132	 	425	 	10	 	 	319	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	5669	 	6349	 	4476	 	4093	 	6471	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	5396	 	10395	 	14	005	 	4513	 	9280	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	68943	 	80722	 	63420	 	49656	 	80860	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	4771	 	3824	 	105	 	9867	 	2656	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	73713	 	84547	 	63525	 	59523	 	83516	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	240611	 	331438	 	271813	 	105201	 	271211	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+1	4) 	314325	 	415985	 	335338	 	164723	 	354727	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	15709	 	7519	 	6025	 	4197	 	6523	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	330034	 	423504	 	341363	 	168920	 	361250

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    98	 	
 	
       	A2.	2 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Winter P	addy	 durin	g 201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	
 
Kasargod	 	
 	
State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	28305	 	44382	 	35210	 	32138	 	32158	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	1038	 	 	 	 	23	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	1751	 	 	6448	 	9305	 	8687	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	2921	 	4430	 	1657	 	2302	 	3205	 	
5 	Farmyard manure an	d chemical 	
fertilizers	 	7101	 	8569	 	6938	 	9640	 	7411	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	247	 	292	 	123	 	 	1492	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	138	 	382	 	181	 	347	 	191	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	161	 	825	 	3 	1595	 	186	 	
9 	Interest on working cap	ital	 	4136	 	5767	 	5037	 	5339	 	5297	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	12339	 	26980	 	18162	 	1901	 	15751	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	58138	 	91627	 	73758	 	62567	 	74401	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	804	 	879	 	3921	 	13354	 	2335	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	58942	 	92506	 	77680	 	75921	 	76736	 	
14 	Interest on 	land value	 	262789	 	67812	 	163044	 	123552	 	164285	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	321731	 	160318	 	240723	 	199473	 	241021	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	9838	 	10694	 	17627	 	29288	 	7645	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	331568	 	171012	 	258351	 	228761	 	248666

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    99	 	
 	
A2.3 District wise Cost	 of Cultivation per hectare (in Rs.) 	of Summer P	addy	 during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	
 	
Thiruvan	nth	
apuram	 	
 	
Kollam	 	
 	
Pathanamt	
hitta	 	
 	
Alappuzha	 	
 	
Kottayam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	65208	 	54662	 	31072	 	17303	 	24260	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	11963	 	 	2327	 	11521	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	2592	 	7294	 	4070	 	4180	 	3468	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	8735	 	13797	 	7777	 	7632	 	5542	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	1232	 	171	 	471	 	2469	 	7010	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	508	 	314	 	17	 	239	 	389	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
impl	ements, machinery and building	 	465	 	2052	 	139	 	 	84	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	8973	 	7592	 	4572	 	4311	 	4028	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	17115	 	9924	 	22493	 	7830	 	20931	 	
11	 	Total cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	116791	 	95806	 	72937	 	55485	 	65712	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	790	 	2224	 	3696	 	42	 	73 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	117581	 	98030	 	76633	 	55527	 	65785	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	234278	 	39825	 	62420	 	57886	 	165185	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	351858	 	137855	 	139053	 	113414	 	230970	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	26583	 	10196	 	9494	 	3273	 	9762	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	378442	 	148051	 	148547	 	116686	 	240732

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    100	 	
 	
      	A2.	3 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Summer P	addy	 during 	201	9-20	 	
 
Sl No	 	Components	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappuram	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	39345	 	24774	 	16529	 	25929	 	2690	2 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	6954	 	11497	 	20409	 	13556	 	19929	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	1545	 	2109	 	2943	 	3323	 	2273	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	486	 	6345	 	8756	 	3594	 	10653	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	2063	 	2619	 	1907	 	1022	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation ces	s 	6 	69	 	2909	 	130	 	67	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	66	 	191	 	14	 	 	840	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	4833	 	4679	 	5126	 	4831	 	6078	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	110	 	7954	 	11231	 	3254	 	13672	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	53343	 	59681	 	70536	 	5652	6 	81437	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	2548	 	3032	 	122	 	14437	 	3669	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	55891	 	62713	 	70659	 	70963	 	85105	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	242543	 	251766	 	178262	 	188493	 	159383	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	298434	 	314479	 	248921	 	259456	 	244489	 	
16 	Imputed value of ho	usehold labour	 	2321	 	6427	 	4353	 	5669	 	7298	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	300755	 	320906	 	253273	 	265125	 	251787

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    101	 	
 	
A2	.3 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Summer P	addy	 during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	
 
Kasargod	 	
 	
State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	32175	 	50511	 	34168	 	29468	 	25903	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	252	 	 	 	 	5 	
3 	Machine labour	 	2014	 	 	8919	 	13538	 	8484	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	2907	 	4261	 	1591	 	2031	 	3600	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	11572	 	7814	 	2847	 	8265	 	7735	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	39	1 	152	 	 	 	2602	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	43	 	410	 	64	 	310	 	574	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	159	 	1748	 	 	854	 	238	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	4931	 	6274	 	4753	 	5330	 	4833	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	12022	 	24769	 	20029	 	2674	 	1472	9 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	66467	 	95937	 	72371	 	62469	 	68703	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	934	 	813	 	2598	 	6849	 	1941	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	67400	 	96750	 	74969	 	69318	 	70644	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	169042	 	49943	 	144083	 	181609	 	121608	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	236443	 	1466	93	 	219052	 	250926	 	192252	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	13849	 	18788	 	14048	 	20772	 	8092	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	250291	 	165481	 	233100	 	271698	 	200344

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    102	 	
 
          	A2.4 District wise Cost of Culti	vation per hectare (in Rs.) of 	Coconut 	during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Thiruvananth	
apuram	 	Kollam	 	Pathanam
thitta	 	Alappuzha	 	Kottayam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	65741	 	41053	 	25924	 	50210	 	47692	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	 	45	 	1240	 	171	 	5791	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	15885	 	11890	 	9621	 	13209	 	22820	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	 	 	 	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	443	 	408	 	194	 	371	 	477	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building	 	224	 	774	 	367	 	 	328	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	8163	 	5299	 	3678	 	6359	 	7630	 	
10	 	Ot	her expenses	 	6993	 	1953	 	1625	 	1799	 	4682	 	
11	 	Total cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	97449	 	61422	 	42648	 	72119	 	89421	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	572	 	484	 	194	 	281	 	182	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	98021	 	61905	 	42842	 	72400	 	89602	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	439600	 	384161	 	255442	 	248668	 	69414	8 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	537622	 	446067	 	298284	 	321068	 	783750	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	24930	 	10791	 	7296	 	5432	 	11082	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	562552	 	456858	 	305580	 	326500	 	794832

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    103	 	
 	
 	
           	A 2.4 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Coconut during 	201	9-20	 	
 
Sl No	 	Components	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappuram	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	36419	 	44656	 	56530	 	26008	 	73112	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	3435	 	2557	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	348	 	 	508	 	 	1214	 	
5 	Farmyard manure 	and chemical 	
fertilizers	 	8063	 	8833	 	13838	 	8394	 	21654	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	 	 	 	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	60	 	44	 	287	 	293	 	343	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	1484	 	63	 	57	 	 	809	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	4483	 	5349	 	7088	 	3784	 	9854	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	1796	 	2106	 	2758	 	7813	 	4327	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	52652	 	61051	 	81065	 	49726	 	113871	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	5409	 	609	 	2615	 	21400	 	10055	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	58061	 	61660	 	83680	 	71126	 	123926	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	339	812	 	1449673	 	663924	 	125035	 	501966	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	397873	 	1511332	 	747604	 	196161	 	625892	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	18214	 	5841	 	12852	 	5370	 	6704	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	416087	 	1517174	 	760456	 	201531	 	632596

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    104	 	
 	
A 2.4 District wise Cost of Cultivatio	n per hectare	 (in Rs) of coconut during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	
 
Kasargod	 	
 	
State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	30746	 	38983	 	58026	 	44759	 	48264	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	1014	 	743	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	 	 	 	 	715	 	
5 	Farmyard ma	nure and chemical 	
fertilizers	 	7540	 	12100	 	38702	 	34881	 	16860	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	 	 	 	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	531	 	494	 	492	 	999	 	392	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	132	 	1273	 	27	 	1041	 	382	 	
9 	Interest on working cap	ital	 	3829	 	5108	 	9673	 	8065	 	6658	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	1353	 	711	 	6457	 	2081	 	3570	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	44130	 	58670	 	113376	 	92841	 	77584	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	1608	 	931	 	5202	 	11110	 	5136	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	45737	 	59601	 	118578	 	103951	 	82720	 	
14 	Interest on l	and value	 	208195	 	164168	 	232300	 	319095	 	445901	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	253932	 	223768	 	350879	 	423045	 	528621	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	4843	 	11619	 	9692	 	17017	 	9872	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	258775	 	235388	 	360571	 	440062	 	538493

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    105	 	
 	
A 2.5 District wise Cost of	 Culti	vation per hectare (in Rs.) of 	Arecanut	 during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Thiruvananth	
apuram	 	Kollam	 	Pathanamt	
hitta	 	Alappuzha	 	Kottayam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	57171	 	46846	 	23058	 	13957	 	22489	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	 	 	321	 	 	6516	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	11346	 	12316	 	5282	 	2455	 	15649	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	 	 	 	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	129	 	347	 	136	 	318	 	624	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	73	 	4544	 	1517	 	 	676	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	6852	 	5916	 	2866	 	1641	 	4465	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	4046	 	1823	 	937	 	247	 	3131	 	
11	 	Total cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	79617	 	71793	 	34117	 	18619	 	53549	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	445	 	2489	 	1041	 	2337	 	1224	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	80062	 	74282	 	35158	 	20956	 	54774	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	452879	 	400759	 	193346	 	398208	 	886235	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	532940	 	475041	 	228504	 	419164	 	941009	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	28943	 	9708	 	20793	 	29588	 	43689	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	561883	 	484750	 	249297	 	448752	 	984698

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    106	 	
 	
    	      	A 2.5 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Arecanut during 	201	9-20	 	
 
 
Sl No	 	Components	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappuram	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	31650	 	162697	 	73459	 	46644	 	64410	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	 	2975	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	 	 	1544	 	 	549	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	5582	 	32149	 	32490	 	28322	 	22518	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	 	 	 	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	82	 	177	 	294	 	371	 	349	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and buildin	g  	4046	 	135	 	51	 	 	2014	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	3723	 	19485	 	10749	 	7497	 	9045	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	829	 	13742	 	3036	 	3054	 	4609	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	45912	 	228385	 	121623	 	85887	 	106471	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	13564	 	229	 	9466	 	11880	 	18567	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11	+12)	 	59476	 	228614	 	131088	 	97767	 	125037	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	365267	 	848946	 	505004	 	116196	 	495131	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	424742	 	1077560	 	636093	 	213963	 	620168	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	18633	 	35803	 	44521	 	11362	 	9114	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	443375	 	1113	363	 	680613	 	225325	 	629282

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    107	 	
 	
         	A 2.5 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Arecanut during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	
 
Kasargod	 	
 	
State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	31741	 	51304	 	90281	 	46167	 	57267	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	3501	 	1234	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	 	 	 	 	400	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	12248	 	9698	 	29228	 	89964	 	30129	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	 	 	 	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	663	 	494	 	536	 	1848	 	584	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
imp	lements, machinery and building 	 	 	973	 	67	 	1721	 	1117	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	4399	 	6100	 	11951	 	13963	 	8903	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	1708	 	970	 	12580	 	2283	 	3820	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	50758	 	69539	 	144645	 	159447	 	103454	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	296	 	694	 	14611	 	18962	 	10543	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	51055	 	70233	 	159255	 	178409	 	113997	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	187650	 	165097	 	576022	 	619015	 	435621	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	238705	 	235331	 	735277	 	797424	 	549618	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	9973	 	8547	 	25596	 	31714	 	20496	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	248677	 	243877	 	760873	 	829138	 	570114

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    108	 	
 	
 
 	
A 2.6 District wise Cost of Culti	vation per hectare (in Rs.) of 	Tapioca	 during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	
 	
Thiruvanant
hapuram	 	
. 	
Kollam	 	
 	
Pathanamt	
hitta	 	
 	
Alappuzha	 	
 	
Kottayam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	114432	 	70554	 	37003	 	74702	 	54943	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	10551	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	7889	 	3071	 	4870	 	10316	 	2542	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	16197	 	22258	 	13208	 	37860	 	26376	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	 	 	36	 	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation c	ess	 	258	 	347	 	163	 	241	 	537	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	136	 	1862	 	513	 	 	480	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	13852	 	9588	 	5508	 	13347	 	8386	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	17272	 	4513	 	10623	 	17886	 	9753	 	
11	 	Total cost	 ‘A’ (1	-10)	 	170036	 	112	194	 	71889	 	164939	 	103016	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	285	 	1015	 	267	 	981	 	233	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	170321	 	113209	 	72156	 	165920	 	103250	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	441416	 	266437	 	296612	 	239790	 	507481	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	611737	 	379646	 	368768	 	405710	 	610731	 	
16	 	Imp	uted value of household labour	 	40233	 	39115	 	31086	 	64052	 	32492	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	651970	 	418761	 	399854	 	469762	 	643223

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    109	 	
 	
 
 
 
 	
 	
A 2.6 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Tapioca during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thri	ssur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappuram	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	55189	 	76892	 	52280	 	30094	 	54118	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	4433	 	800	 	15693	 	6495	 	8458	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	946	 	15119	 	9530	 	15191	 	5249	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	30473	 	26817	 	22897	 	31772	 	18343	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	264	 	700	 	 	661	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	69	 	119	 	89	 	337	 	82	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	105	 	99	 	37	 	 	1453	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	9104	 	11989	 	10110	 	8355	 	8683	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	13674	 	15967	 	18606	 	6353	 	20107	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	113991	 	148067	 	129940	 	98596	 	117153	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	2352	 	141	 	1788	 	12205	 	7236	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	116343	 	148208	 	131728	 	110801	 	124388	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	394706	 	1145503	 	219439	 	107701	 	202651	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	511049	 	1293711	 	351167	 	218502	 	327040	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	14215	 	17587	 	19326	 	31221	 	23799	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	525264	 	1311298	 	370493	 	249723	 	350839

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    110	 	
 
 
 
 
 	
A 2.6 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs)	 of Tapioca during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	
 
Kasargod	 	
 	
State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	55486	 	80021	 	89687	 	54500	 	61337	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	6493	 	4847	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	6498	 	3600	 	26367	 	10480	 	7641	 	
5 	Farmyard manu	re and chemical 	
fertilizers	 	17862	 	6768	 	47966	 	27878	 	22752	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	1927	 	 	2262	 	341	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	137	 	494	 	456	 	360	 	227	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	50	 	2050	 	40	 	232	 	533	 	
9 	Interest on work	ing capital	 	7985	 	9232	 	16402	 	10161	 	9692	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	10669	 	16090	 	5810	 	3159	 	13888	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	98687	 	120181	 	186727	 	115524	 	121258	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	344	 	1616	 	2055	 	6428	 	2333	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	99031	 	121797	 	188782	 	121952	 	123591	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	170364	 	90195	 	187799	 	199779	 	354017	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	269394	 	211992	 	376581	 	321731	 	477608	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	31797	 	55741	 	42123	 	30773	 	30407	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	301192	 	267734	 	418705	 	352503	 	508015

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    111	 	
 
A2.7 Distr	ict wise Cost of Cultivatio	n per hectare (in Rs.) of 	Banana	 during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Thiruvananth	
apuram	 	Kollam	 	Pathanamth	
itta	 	Alappuzha	 	Kottayam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	156331	 	114558	 	59085	 	76160	 	53576	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	23	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	834	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	20723	 	28292	 	27944	 	29129	 	22938	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	34240	 	41297	 	27449	 	48273	 	55930	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	153	 	377	 	1367	 	1419	 	1092	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	146	 	378	 	155	 	283	 	553	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges o	f 	
implements, machinery and building 	 	193	 	1755	 	463	 	 	598	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	21145	 	18452	 	11587	 	15582	 	13354	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	26282	 	8910	 	29177	 	30600	 	13618	 	
11	 	Total cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	259213	 	214020	 	157250	 	202281	 	161660	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	742	 	995	 	296	 	557	 	263	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	259955	 	215015	 	157545	 	202838	 	161923	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	381338	 	198102	 	246099	 	231668	 	480870	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	641294	 	413117	 	403645	 	434507	 	642793	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	83348	 	36655	 	28018	 	52961	 	61226	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	724642	 	449772	 	431663	 	487468	 	704019

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    112	 	
 
 
 
 	
      	A 2.7 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Banana during 	201	9-20	 	
 
Sl No	 	Components	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappuram	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	106	535	 	119689	 	70194	 	33264	 	90436	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	3409	 	312	 	12777	 	3250	 	7222	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	31752	 	25752	 	38677	 	21240	 	34043	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	35708	 	42918	 	43619	 	129100	 	42630	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	350	 	1238	 	3475	 	116	9 	2199	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	35	 	90	 	192	 	214	 	39	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	97	 	254	 	75	 	466	 	1114	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	17775	 	18991	 	16874	 	18802	 	17653	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	20154	 	18951	 	78365	 	22677	 	5362	5 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	215816	 	228195	 	264248	 	230184	 	248961	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	9097	 	3613	 	3977	 	7025	 	14139	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	224913	 	231808	 	268226	 	237209	 	263100	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	417227	 	765093	 	413253	 	89940	 	235862	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14	) 	642141	 	996901	 	681479	 	327150	 	498963	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	17591	 	11333	 	45269	 	21121	 	49462	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	659732	 	1008235	 	726748	 	348270	 	548424

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    113	 	
 
 
 	
A 2.7 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Banana during 	201	9-20	 	
 
Sl No	 	Components	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	Kasargod	 	
 	State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	79241	 	89594	 	114331	 	56988	 	83993	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	2 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	3724	 	8887	 	3188	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	32586	 	29640	 	33163	 	25707	 	28575	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fert	ilizers	 	32785	 	27836	 	35458	 	69316	 	51777	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	1211	 	5281	 	 	4871	 	1558	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	141	 	494	 	277	 	2389	 	281	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	13	 	3514	 	48	 	1720	 	563	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	14582	 	15235	 	18668	 	16577	 	16909	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	53956	 	12444	 	29696	 	3081	 	32946	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	214514	 	184037	 	235364	 	189535	 	219792	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	451	 	2807	 	13244	 	41703	 	5666	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	214964	 	186845	 	248608	 	231238	 	225458	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	150974	 	62186	 	150323	 	169854	 	307751	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	365938	 	249031	 	398931	 	401092	 	533209	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	26500	 	99586	 	34316	 	123371	 	42524	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	392439	 	348617	 	433248	 	524463	 	575733

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    114	 	
 
 
 
 
     	A 2	.8 District wise Cost of Culti	vation per hectare (in Rs.) of 	Pepper	 during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Thiruvananth	
apuram	 	Kollam	 	Pathanamt	
hitta	 	Alappuzha	 	Kottayam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	72921	 	69179	 	42293	 	42699	 	49019	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	 	 	540	 	 	2003	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	4538	 	19191	 	8874	 	25815	 	21347	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	 	 	307	 	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	202	 	389	 	138	 	400	 	520	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and buildi	ng 	 	29	 	3650	 	442	 	 	523	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	7746	 	8837	 	5171	 	6882	 	7237	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	1930	 	1933	 	2607	 	7488	 	2363	 	
11	 	Total cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	87366	 	103179	 	60065	 	83591	 	83012	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	679	 	1903	 	272	 	4419	 	453	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	8804	5 	105082	 	60337	 	88010	 	83465	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	457847	 	414722	 	105440	 	291008	 	602736	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	545892	 	519804	 	165777	 	379018	 	686202	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	24039	 	30807	 	21565	 	71458	 	38661	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	569931	 	550611	 	187342	 	450476	 	724863

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    115	 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 
 	
             	 	 	
A2.	8 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of pepper during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappuram	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	39089	 	72813	 	84906	 	28826	 	57196	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machin	e labour	 	317	 	 	 	4338	 	575	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	4864	 	 	654	 	 	744	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	9440	 	32350	 	13300	 	16669	 	11611	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	549	 	2918	 	1962	 	1512	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	86	 	280	 	288	 	443	 	357	 	
8 	
Repair and maintenance 
charges	 of implements, 	
machinery and building 	 	
 	72	 	17	 	 	3388	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	5371	 	10571	 	10178	 	5180	 	7164	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	1267	 	5569	 	4067	 	2915	 	3218	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	60433	 	122204	 	116329	 	60332	 	85763	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	10335	 	502	 	816	 	6630	 	40179	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	70769	 	122705	 	117145	 	66963	 	125942	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	287065	 	985449	 	786118	 	115915	 	435334	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	357834	 	1108155	 	903263	 	182878	 	561276	 	
16 	Imputed value of household 
labour	 	25261	 	38777	 	47133	 	23774	 	14174	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	383094	 	1146931	 	950396	 	206652	 	575450

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    116	 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
A2.	8 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Pepper during 	201	9-20	 	
 
Sl No	 	Components	 	Kozhikod
e 	
Wayana	
d 	Kannur	 	Kasargod	 	
 	State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	54560	 	39553	 	9345	6 	24264	 	52640	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	2312	 	601	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	 	6653	 	 	 	1210	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	25326	 	9595	 	29365	 	46044	 	16311	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	877	 	 	251	 	639	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	534	 	527	 	486	 	689	 	36	3 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	 	1716	 	110	 	2344	 	1056	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	7989	 	5668	 	12282	 	7287	 	7140	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	6090	 	41	 	3426	 	724	 	2623	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	94499	 	64630	 	139125	 	83915	 	82583	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	306	 	3588	 	15693	 	42331	 	9942	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	94805	 	68218	 	154818	 	126246	 	92525	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	190410	 	174124	 	232944	 	202734	 	334052	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	285215	 	242342	 	387761	 	328981	 	426577	 	
16 	Imputed value of household lab	our	 	33841	 	21518	 	25872	 	29490	 	27273	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	319057	 	263860	 	413633	 	358470	 	453850

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    117	 	
 
A 2.9 District wise Cost of Culti	vation per hectare (in Rs.) of 	Ginger	 during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Thiruvanant
hapuram	 	Kollam	 	Pathanamt	
hitta	 	Alappuzha	 	Kotta	yam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	129196	 	108187	 	50611	 	134107	 	49526	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	49563	 	56403	 	49732	 	39014	 	85831	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	26148	 	24337	 	8073	 	42580	 	26782	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	 	76	 	464	 	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	200	 	415	 	98	 	214	 	620	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	306	 	4583	 	1381	 	 	327	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	20491	 	18893	 	10849	 	21617	 	16214	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	21053	 	6127	 	4081	 	5160	 	7197	 	
11	 	To	tal cost	 ‘A’ (1	-10)	 	246957	 	218945	 	124901	 	243157	 	186497	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	1711	 	2906	 	840	 	2295	 	745	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	248668	 	221850	 	125742	 	245452	 	187242	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	402312	 	162555	 	160550	 	212810	 	784655	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	650980	 	384405	 	286292	 	458262	 	971897	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	69414	 	68511	 	32770	 	71994	 	64608	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	720394	 	452916	 	319061	 	530256	 	1036506

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    118	 	
 	
A2.	9 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Ginger during 	201	9-20	 	
 
Sl No	 	Com	ponents	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappura
m 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	55226	 	42886	 	55859	 	37710	 	71308	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	1678	 	 	 	4868	 	747	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	49722	 	32685	 	31566	 	19321	 	23178	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	7427	 	61765	 	24985	 	12789	 	13855	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	687	 	861	 	3634	 	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	7 	157	 	261	 	62	 	267	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	201	 	281	 	70	 	 	1269	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	11405	 	13802	 	11327	 	7832	 	10909	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	7182	 	16421	 	8947	 	30003	 	5003	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	132849	 	168686	 	133876	 	116219	 	126536	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	17876	 	544	 	1050	 	13616	 	39426	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	150725	 	169230	 	134926	 	129835	 	165962	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	323577	 	381632	 	528597	 	83620	 	227588	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	474303	 	550861	 	663523	 	213455	 	393549	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	65294	 	47192	 	81592	 	13096	 	30961	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	539596	 	598054	 	745115	 	226551	 	424511

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    119	 	
 	
A2.	9 District wise Cost of Cultivat	ion per hectare	 (in Rs) of Ginger during 	201	9-20	 	
 
Sl No	 	Components	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	Kasargod	 	
 	State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	69207	 	164643	 	109024	 	38802	 	73666	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	10098	 	10996	 	2494	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	102695	 	224671	 	64126	 	72946	 	63120	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	44470	 	49019	 	48792	 	48055	 	28677	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	2288	 	4425	 	 	 	1434	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	330	 	409	 	248	 	381	 	245	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	31	 	3317	 	29	 	325	 	839	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	21866	 	44276	 	23204	 	17080	 	16939	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	12620	 	26447	 	28403	 	3928	 	16774	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	253507	 	517207	 	283923	 	192513	 	204188	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	654	 	3067	 	469	 	1763	 	5486	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (1	1+12)	 	254161	 	520274	 	284393	 	194275	 	209674	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	143481	 	124389	 	170524	 	229605	 	254551	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	397642	 	644663	 	454917	 	423881	 	464225	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	42193	 	54111	 	49902	 	54648	 	46319	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	439835	 	698773	 	504819	 	478529	 	510544

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    120	 	
 
A 2.10 District wise Cost of Culti	vation per hectare (in Rs.) of 	Turmeric	 during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Thiruvanan
thapuram	 	Kollam	 	Pathanamt	
hitta	 	Alappuzha	 	Kottayam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	95835	 	57687	 	54956	 	132805	 	40446	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	11103	 	21220	 	7968	 	21438	 	30460	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	45783	 	16454	 	13756	 	35173	 	23395	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	 	 	1291	 	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	365	 	424	 	91	 	269	 	562	 	
8 	Repa	ir and maintenance charges of 	
implements, machinery and building 	 	289	 	4931	 	1570	 	 	407	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	15272	 	9536	 	7668	 	19071	 	9430	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	12959	 	5257	 	4866	 	17875	 	9358	 	
11	 	Total cost	 ‘A’ (1	-10)	 	181606	 	115510	 	90875	 	227922	 	114058	 	
12	 	Int	erest on fixed capital	 	1438	 	3051	 	794	 	3696	 	973	 	
13	 	Cost 	‘B1’ (11+12)	 	183044	 	118561	 	91669	 	231618	 	115031	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	281069	 	220168	 	144892	 	225233	 	679752	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	464113	 	338728	 	236561	 	456851	 	794783	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labou	r 	80272	 	43086	 	44737	 	75584	 	109116	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	544384	 	381815	 	281297	 	532436	 	903900

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    121	 	
 	
      	A2.1	0 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Turmeric during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappuram	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	71127	 	62312	 	55286	 	24522	 	69279	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	2633	 	 	5744	 	3141	 	1512	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	32462	 	22735	 	20774	 	17802	 	11417	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	17172	 	52844	 	13332	 	13703	 	16389	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	348	 	 	664	 	837	 	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	62	 	221	 	202	 	79	 	569	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	 	261	 	56	 	 	997	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	12374	 	13789	 	9580	 	6000	 	9860	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	11692	 	14510	 	8469	 	13075	 	3017	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	147870	 	166671	 	114106	 	79159	 	113040	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	7484	 	635	 	381	 	8871	 	6676	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	155354	 	167306	 	114486	 	88030	 	119716	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	379107	 	304122	 	682667	 	80925	 	214738	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	534461	 	471428	 	797153	 	168955	 	334454	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	35374	 	55407	 	49452	 	53665	 	37802	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	569834	 	526836	 	846605	 	222621	 	372255

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    122	 	
 	
A2.1	0 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Turmeric during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl No	 	Com	ponents	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	
 
Kasargod	 	
 	
State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	33491	 	35321	 	72101	 	45796	 	60674	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	782	 	 	 	11478	 	2426	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	38212	 	38828	 	40732	 	42914	 	21697	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	330	79	 	34427	 	33550	 	37001	 	24217	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	 	 	 	240	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	501	 	494	 	506	 	300	 	300	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	104	 	18006	 	155	 	583	 	1040	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	10556	 	10858	 	14638	 	1371	9 	10925	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	3387	 	 	7774	 	2366	 	8146	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	120113	 	137934	 	169457	 	154157	 	129665	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	1203	 	12988	 	1961	 	4852	 	2687	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	121316	 	150922	 	171417	 	159010	 	132352	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	182071	 	130478	 	157325	 	171677	 	348304	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	303387	 	281399	 	328742	 	330687	 	480656	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	66680	 	124179	 	103700	 	53866	 	59355	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	370067	 	405579	 	432442	 	384552	 	540011

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    123	 	
 	
         	A 2.11	 District wise Cost of C	ultivation p	er hectare (in Rs.) of Pineapple	 during 	201	9-20	 	
 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Thiruvananth	
apuram	 	Kollam	 	Pathanamthitta	 	Alappuzha	 	Kottayam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	120698	 	83650	 	17093	 	52700	 	54950	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	173386	 	43195	 	27979	 	43801	 	92067	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	48126	 	16855	 	8072	 	 	43595	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	141	 	1171	 	 	9612	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	15	 	508	 	5 	626	 	180	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building	  	221	 	2367	 	128	 	 	28	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	34221	 	14384	 	5432	 	9650	 	20022	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	20995	 	3984	 	25685	 	 	45214	 	
11	 	Total cost  ‘A’ (1	-10)	 	397663	 	165082	 	85565	 	106777	 	265668	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	260	 	1248	 	211	 	542	 	51	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	39	7923	 	166330	 	85776	 	107319	 	265719	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	322767	 	102550	 	154134	 	988000	 	472687	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	720690	 	268880	 	239910	 	1095319	 	738407	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	41033	 	15092	 	11844	 	 	32244	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	761723	 	283972	 	251755	 	1095319	 	770651

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    124	 	
 	
    	A2.1	1 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Pine apple during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappuram	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	36700	 	43215	 	51495	 	67525	 	46356	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	6308	 	106	 	7156	 	24416	 	16391	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	28356	 	145671	 	103264	 	161677	 	84247	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	6859	 	82689	 	14269	 	41501	 	30841	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	5171	 	9012	 	876	 	469	 	3688	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	15	 	21	 	76	 	462	 	15	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	9 	116	 	174	 	 	5443	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	8339	 	28069	 	17706	 	29559	 	18152	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	88389	 	116803	 	19368	 	1990	 	22551	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	180146	 	425704	 	214385	 	327599	 	227686	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	135	 	222	 	928	 	4286	 	3480	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	180281	 	425925	 	215313	 	331885	 	231166	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	322501	 	1046932	 	497325	 	252992	 	186727	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	502782	 	1472857	 	712638	 	584877	 	417893	 	
16 	Imputed value of 	household labour	 	2358	 	6224	 	4507	 	1813	 	9344	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	505141	 	1479081	 	717145	 	586690	 	427236

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    125	 	
 	
A2.1	1 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of pineapple during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	
 
Kasargod	 	
 	
State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	60729	 	 	32667	 	53810	 	47719	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	9173	 	13116	 	3397	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	98253	 	 	74332	 	106106	 	89838	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	25392	 	 	20544	 	29148	 	33492	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	3491	 	 	232	 	347	 	5649	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	153	 	 	10	 	463	 	105	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	9 	 	1 	211	 	148	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	18786	 	 	13695	 	20253	 	18010	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	24354	 	 	23693	 	3466	 	46969	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ 	(1-10)	 	231167	 	 	174348	 	226919	 	245327	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	68	 	 	1727	 	5301	 	536	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	231235	 	 	176076	 	232220	 	245863	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	130217	 	 	89479	 	204493	 	460919	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	361452	 	 	265555	 	436713	 	706782	 	
16 	Imputed valu	e of household labour	 	5687	 	 	1240	 	24206	 	15980	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	367140	 	 	266795	 	460919	 	722762

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    126	 	
 
A 2.12	 District wise Cost of Cultivation 	per hectare (in Rs.) of Bitter Gourd (Autumn) during 	 	
 201	9-20	 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Thiruvananth	
apuram	 	Kollam	 	Pat	hanamthi
tta	 	Alappuzha	 	Kottayam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	103967	 	135285	 	50254	 	77665	 	85223	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	441	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	2986	 	5081	 	10168	 	3444	 	4016	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	44846	 	45087	 	10532	 	76482	 	39601	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	1865	 	1110	 	1574	 	3276	 	3917	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	101	 	498	 	80	 	219	 	452	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	466	 	5578	 	2131	 	 	884	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	15366	 	18656	 	7253	 	16131	 	13276	 	
10	 	Other e	xpenses	 	70028	 	20291	 	55329	 	49321	 	34676	 	
11	 	Total cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	239625	 	231586	 	137320	 	226980	 	182045	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	2957	 	2042	 	2551	 	2125	 	111	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	242582	 	233628	 	139871	 	229105	 	182157	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	362227	 	135956	 	33063	2 	144624	 	754027	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	604809	 	369585	 	470503	 	373728	 	936183	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	262704	 	71555	 	55257	 	70645	 	104423	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	867513	 	441139	 	525760	 	444373	 	1040606

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    127	 	
 	
A2.1	2 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hec	tare	 (in Rs) of bitter gourd(Autumn) during	 	
201	9-20	 	
 
Sl No	 	Components	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappura
m 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	26662	 	29756	 	29769	 	57053	 	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	11702	 	8444	 	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	11847	 	4898	 	13359	 	6159	 	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	40066	 	10049	 	12236	 	13591	 	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	8323	 	1684	 	2646	 	2853	 	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	11110	 	245	 	123	 	69	 	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	566	 	134	 	 	1035	 	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	8690	 	5809	 	6645	 	7966	 	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	55928	 	55453	 	22930	 	26412	 	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	163192	 	119730	 	96152	 	115137	 	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	3315	 	646	 	18010	 	1137	 	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	166507	 	120376	 	114162	 	116274	 	 	
14 	Int	erest on land value	 	269993	 	491356	 	94187	 	225788	 	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	436500	 	611732	 	208350	 	342062	 	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	34981	 	62437	 	13659	 	77885	 	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	471481	 	674169	 	222009	 	419947

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    128	 	
 	
 
 
 
 	
 	
A2.1	2 District wise Cost of Cul	tivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Bitter Gourd(Autumn)during 	 	
201	9-20	 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	
 
Kasargod	 	
 	
State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	 	 	41708	 	 	53424	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	17219	 	 	5318	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	7410	 	 	6897	 	 	8551	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	108680	 	 	42145	 	 	25081	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	19760	 	 	522	 	 	2857	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	 	 	136	 	 	1121	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	1235	 	 	77	 	 	823	 	
9 	Interest on working 	capital	 	13585	 	 	10849	 	 	9523	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	54340	 	 	73117	 	 	39123	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	205010	 	 	192671	 	 	145821	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	4000	 	 	667	 	 	7092	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	209010	 	 	193338	 	 	152913	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	148200	 	 	175678	 	 	294611	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	357210	 	 	369017	 	 	447524	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	114608	 	 	47453	 	 	61248	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	471818	 	 	416469	 	 	508772

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    129	 	
 	
 
 
 
 	
 	
A 2.13	 District wise Cost of Cultivation p	er hectare (in Rs.) of Bitter Gourd (Winter) 	during	 	
201	9-20 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Thiruvananth	
apuram	 	Kollam	 	Pathanamt	
hitta	 	Alappuzha	 	Kottayam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	101737	 	111037	 	39255	 	79487	 	88984	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	5937	 	6488	 	9830	 	3947	 	5654	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	1894	 	1071	 	1022	 	3161	 	3507	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	44886	 	31563	 	9727	 	73796	 	42884	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	87	 	339	 	131	 	187	 	522	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	219	 	6279	 	1103	 	 	387	 	
9 	Interest on working capi	tal	 	15445	 	15016	 	5983	 	16039	 	14103	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	116309	 	29719	 	50690	 	48839	 	32292	 	
11	 	Total cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	286515	 	201514	 	117742	 	225456	 	188333	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	1778	 	3604	 	5074	 	1784	 	588	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	288292	 	205118	 	122816	 	227240	 	188920	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	304656	 	114147	 	176128	 	98506	 	540823	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	592948	 	319265	 	298944	 	325746	 	729743	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	231346	 	69976	 	63943	 	78031	 	100766	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	824294	 	389241	 	362887	 	403777	 	830510

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    130	 	
 	
 	
 	
A2.1	3 Di	strict wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Bitter Gourd(Winter) during 	 	
201	9-20	 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappuram	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	51461	 	35025	 	53948	 	24838	 	50369	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	409	 	62	40	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	4698	 	3232	 	9471	 	11669	 	9589	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	2075	 	4840	 	2866	 	2813	 	8040	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	8293	 	50802	 	16568	 	9614	 	28252	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	99	 	97	 	179	 	94	 	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implem	ents, machinery and building 	 	274	 	946	 	368	 	 	1134	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	6653	 	9390	 	8326	 	5517	 	9625	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	49345	 	30007	 	28977	 	20863	 	38525	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	122897	 	134339	 	121112	 	81648	 	145534	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	8973	 	8066	 	154	30	 	17498	 	3315	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	131870	 	142405	 	136542	 	99146	 	148849	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	250856	 	474930	 	424097	 	87343	 	174364	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	382726	 	617334	 	560639	 	186490	 	323213	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	55090	 	45717	 	84417	 	17798	 	39083	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	437816	 	663052	 	645056	 	204288	 	362296

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    131	 	
 	
A2.1	3 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Bitter gourd(Winter)during 	 	
201	9-20	 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	
 
Kasargod	 	
 	
State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	21499	 	 	68245	 	45984	 	54839	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	5778	 	14395	 	2311	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	13811	 	5866	 	4659	 	4768	 	8608	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	3705	 	9386	 	 	 	3690	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	19287	 	18476	 	36619	 	41895	 	26300	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation c	ess	 	51	 	494	 	261	 	2599	 	186	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	4322	 	36309	 	156	 	3551	 	895	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	5830	 	3373	 	11530	 	10704	 	9575	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	24124	 	21860	 	40163	 	24165	 	38392	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	92	631	 	95763	 	167411	 	148063	 	144796	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	847	 	43625	 	12466	 	99437	 	9720	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	93478	 	139388	 	179877	 	247500	 	154516	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	170842	 	60639	 	219661	 	194552	 	221717	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	264319	 	200027	 	399539	 	442052	 	37	6233	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	54340	 	271700	 	52193	 	182446	 	64736	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	318659	 	471727	 	451731	 	624499	 	440969

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    132	 	
 	
 	
 
A 2.14	 District wise Cost of Cultivation p	er hectare (in Rs.) of Bitter Gourd (Summer)	 during 	
201	9-20	 	
Sl 
No	 	Compo	nents	 	Thiruvanant
hapuram	 	Kollam	 	Pathanamth	
itta	 	Alappuzha	 	Kottayam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	109726	 	99425	 	39282	 	131351	 	67562	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	3999	 	7650	 	8717	 	5123	 	4940	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	44	007	 	34893	 	15829	 	84086	 	27279	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	1067	 	631	 	893	 	4959	 	4841	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	52	 	402	 	56	 	256	 	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	302	 	7175	 	3077	 	 	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	15880	 	14260	 	6472	 	22552	 	10462	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	58631	 	27427	 	31261	 	34689	 	17313	 	
11	 	Total cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	233664	 	191863	 	105586	 	283016	 	132398	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	1837	 	4547	 	3123	 	3944	 	29	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	235501	 	196409	 	108709	 	286960	 	132427	 	
14	 	Interest on land valu	e 	348732	 	51705	 	132815	 	171136	 	170519	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	584233	 	248114	 	241524	 	458095	 	302946	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	302176	 	67929	 	82488	 	99682	 	180891	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	886409	 	316043	 	324012	 	557778	 	483837

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    133	 	
 	
 	
 
A2.1	4 District wise Cost of Culti	vation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Bitter Gourd(Summer)during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappuram	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	 	20770	 	34524	 	30628	 	51480	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	1417	 	 	 	1639	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	 	3266	 	9646	 	8744	 	6765	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	 	36913	 	18675	 	5467	 	15392	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	6726	 	1691	 	1544	 	3545	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	 	119	 	229	 	290	 	106	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	 	859	 	387	 	 	5935	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	 	6909	 	6454	 	4638	 	7882	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	 	71646	 	36556	 	21168	 	38012	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	 	148626	 	108162	 	72479	 	130756	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	 	1783	 	15583	 	8500	 	18022	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	 	150409	 	123745	 	80979	 	148778	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	 	229737	 	275203	 	170214	 	263803	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	 	380146	 	398948	 	251193	 	412581	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	 	29231	 	116817	 	43968	 	59504	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	 	409377	 	515765	 	295162	 	472085

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    134	 	
 
 
 	
A2.14 District wise Cost o	f Cultivation per hectare (in Rs) of Bitter Gourd(summer)during 	201	9-20 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	
 
Kasargod	 	
 	
State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	7333	 	22230	 	75851	 	24854	 	58825	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	12883	 	731	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	10742	 	9880	 	6793	 	5412	 	6593	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	20232	 	23280	 	34490	 	41210	 	30831	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	4889	 	5187	 	 	 	2767	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	51	 	494	 	 	2439	 	210	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and buildin	g  	 	46930	 	 	5431	 	2406	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	4320	 	6058	 	11713	 	8436	 	9975	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	25549	 	14203	 	67139	 	24144	 	44492	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	73115	 	128261	 	195987	 	124809	 	156830	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	974	 	98375	 	21409	 	96400	 	9320	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1	’ (11+12)	 	74090	 	226636	 	217396	 	221209	 	166150	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	163457	 	48165	 	126195	 	416493	 	220528	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	237547	 	274801	 	343590	 	637703	 	386678	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	107779	 	224770	 	162751	 	219207	 	120538	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	345327	 	499571	 	506341	 	856910	 	507216

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    135	 	
 	
 
 
 
 	
 
A 2.15	 District wise Cost of Cultivation p	er hectare (in Rs.) of Cowpea (Autumn)	 during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	
 	
Thiruvanant
hapuram	 	
 	
Kollam	 	
 	
Pathanamth	
itta	 	
 	
Alappuzha	 	
 	
Kottayam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	88229	 	113	878	 	42370	 	90488	 	65478	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	475	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	2704	 	4536	 	5744	 	6620	 	5158	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	51741	 	45170	 	9132	 	38046	 	35178	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	2054	 	1173	 	1636	 	5734	 	2979	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigat	ion cess	 	207	 	437	 	85	 	255	 	699	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	472	 	4324	 	2105	 	 	1262	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	14473	 	16476	 	5888	 	14136	 	10879	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	65694	 	24048	 	43429	 	85420	 	28341	 	
11	 	Total cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	225573	 	210043	 	110389	 	241175	 	149973	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	2441	 	2488	 	2614	 	4355	 	643	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	228014	 	212531	 	113003	 	245530	 	150617	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	316232	 	104110	 	288565	 	101005	 	1007635	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	544246	 	316641	 	401568	 	34653	5 	1158252	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	206653	 	71923	 	58931	 	89653	 	98388	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	750899	 	388564	 	460499	 	436187	 	1256640

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    136	 	
 	
 	
 
A2.1	5 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare (in Rs) of Cowpea	 (Autumn	)during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Idu	kki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappuram	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	 	88601	 	38377	 	28600	 	46478	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	10736	 	8128	 	255	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	 	6441	 	2581	 	4536	 	3145	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	 	61320	 	13256	 	11465	 	9753	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	3134	 	2760	 	2850	 	1599	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	 	133	 	226	 	105	 	41	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	 	345	 	194	 	 	987	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	 	15950	 	6771	 	5558	 	6123	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	 	9521	 	59	870	 	16979	 	18375	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	 	185445	 	134770	 	78221	 	86756	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	 	1907	 	657	 	31733	 	1722	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	 	187351	 	135427	 	109954	 	88479	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	 	475860	 	419737	 	120069	 	257152	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	 	663211	 	555164	 	230023	 	345630	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	 	38059	 	52916	 	17236	 	58139	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	 	701271	 	608080	 	247259	 	403770

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    137	 	
 	
 	
 	
A2.1	5 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Cowp	ea (Autumn	)  during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	
 
Kasargod	 	
 	
State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	 	 	56066	 	 	58572	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	27404	 	 	5935	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	7410	 	 	7083	 	 	4671	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	74100	 	 	11817	 	 	24168	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	11	856	 	 	6 	 	2268	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	 	 	93	 	 	273	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	 	 	40	 	 	1035	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	9337	 	 	10238	 	 	9561	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	39520	 	 	62307	 	 	36806	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	142	223	 	 	175054	 	 	143289	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	4000	 	 	484	 	 	8691	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	146223	 	 	175538	 	 	151980	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	148200	 	 	110602	 	 	348267	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	294423	 	 	286140	 	 	500247	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	138320	 	 	28047	 	 	64371	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	432743	 	 	314187	 	 	564618

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    138	 	
 
A 2.16	 District wise Cost of Cultivation p	er hectare (in Rs.) of Cowpea (Winter)	 during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Thiruvananth	
apuram	 	Kollam	 	Pathanamt	
hitta	 	Alappuzha	 	Kottayam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	105357	 	101790	 	48909	 	101670	 	52213	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	363	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	3166	 	7134	 	5878	 	8215	 	4343	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	48945	 	32503	 	9928	 	51101	 	36430	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	2551	 	1189	 	1665	 	4866	 	3435	 	
7 	Land tax a	nd irrigation cess	 	56	 	335	 	85	 	287	 	600	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	341	 	6730	 	1580	 	 	946	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	16002	 	14262	 	6638	 	16621	 	9642	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	74637	 	25460	 	45822	 	56598	 	30319	 	
11	 	Total cost 	‘A’ 	(1-10)	 	251055	 	189403	 	120506	 	239721	 	137928	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	1961	 	3824	 	3201	 	3012	 	709	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	253016	 	193227	 	123707	 	242733	 	138637	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	359350	 	111367	 	218272	 	77151	 	670965	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	612366	 	304593	 	341979	 	319884	 	809602	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	162269	 	77066	 	58591	 	100057	 	132614	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	774635	 	381660	 	400570	 	419941	 	942216

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    139	 	
 
 
 
A2.1	6 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in R	s) of Cowpea (Winter	)during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl No	 	Comp	onents	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappuram	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	41988	 	35780	 	48054	 	32736	 	30278	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	330	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	3849	 	 	7045	 	5364	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	4844	 	10964	 	3408	 	4469	 	6010	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	6107	 	51015	 	18198	 	11572	 	16037	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	1599	 	3361	 	2097	 	3306	 	3263	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	85	 	91	 	189	 	66	 	4 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	962	 	217	 	188	 	 	2804	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	5839	 	10112	 	788	0 	5778	 	5559	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	20883	 	15116	 	29279	 	34018	 	23706	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	86156	 	126657	 	116340	 	97639	 	87661	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	9449	 	5304	 	6562	 	38826	 	6531	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	95606	 	131961	 	122902	 	136466	 	94192	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	248123	 	209835	 	406225	 	79270	 	264144	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	343729	 	341796	 	529126	 	215736	 	358336	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	69250	 	47321	 	80144	 	17669	 	59297	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	412978	 	389118	 	609270	 	233405	 	417633

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    140	 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 
A 2.16	 District wise Co	st of Cultivation p	er hectare (in Rs.) of Cowpea (Winter)	 during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	Kasaragod	 	State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	11644	 	57901	 	98512	 	52546	 	58441	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	51	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	16134	 	12506	 	3396	 	
4 	Seed / s	eedlings	 	8625	 	11847	 	6353	 	7592	 	5729	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	15055	 	20096	 	35440	 	43838	 	26110	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	 	3860	 	 	 	2470	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	 	494	 	260	 	2527	 	278	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and b	uilding 	 	196	 	6606	 	111	 	3074	 	1462	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	3532	 	9370	 	15644	 	11648	 	9620	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	17643	 	14717	 	36672	 	14505	 	33883	 	
11	 	Total cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	56696	 	124891	 	209127	 	148237	 	141440	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	789	 	8876	 	14851	 	64673	 	12148	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	57486	 	133768	 	223978	 	212910	 	153588	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	154081	 	59452	 	105517	 	215841	 	262224	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	211566	 	193220	 	329495	 	428750	 	415812	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	45675	 	166869	 	66742	 	113179	 	83263	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ 	(15+16)	 	257242	 	360088	 	396237	 	541929	 	499075

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    141	 	
 	
` 
 	
 
 
 
 
A 2.17	 District wise Cost of Cultivation p	er hectare (in Rs.) of Cowpea (Summer)	 during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Thiruvanant
hapuram	 	Kollam	 	Pathanamth	
itta	 	Alappuzha	 	Kottayam	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	88865	 	10	0469	 	47360	 	74535	 	48631	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	13382	 	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	3042	 	5976	 	6501	 	3702	 	4066	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	47798	 	27388	 	11340	 	60078	 	30542	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	1803	 	667	 	1644	 	2284	 	3182	 	
7 	Land tax and irri	gation cess	 	88	 	438	 	85	 	251	 	485	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	510	 	6427	 	3321	 	 	818	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	14151	 	13450	 	6685	 	15398	 	8642	 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	49380	 	23802	 	41754	 	25892	 	24404	 	
11	 	Total cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	205635	 	178617	 	118689	 	195522	 	120770	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	2396	 	3860	 	7713	 	1942	 	481	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	208031	 	182477	 	126402	 	197464	 	121251	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	281234	 	121607	 	173664	 	77323	 	220411	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	489265	 	304083	 	300066	 	274787	 	341662	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	239572	 	88686	 	77315	 	137504	 	153089	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	728836	 	392770	 	377381	 	412291	 	494751

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    142	 	
 	
 	
 
A2.1	7 District wise Cost of Cultivation per hectare	 (in Rs) of Cowpea 	(Summer	)during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Idukki	 	Ernakulam	 	Thrissur	 	Palakkad	 	Malappuram	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	 	28158	 	62870	 	28542	 	25184	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	3705	 	 	 	311	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	 	11362	 	5797	 	3754	 	4971	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	 	29344	 	7499	 	9680	 	15265	 	
6 	Plant 	protection	 	 	7163	 	1605	 	2717	 	2305	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	 	 	204	 	439	 	86	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	 	1186	 	109	 	 	4729	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	 	7973	 	7777	 	4469	 	4804	 	
10 	Other expenses	 	 	3853	 	20510	 	15643	 	23828	 	
11 	Total 	cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	 	92744	 	106371	 	65245	 	81483	 	
12 	Interest on fixed capital	 	 	3250	 	8177	 	7417	 	23850	 	
13 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	 	95994	 	114548	 	72662	 	105333	 	
14 	Interest on land value	 	 	261622	 	241195	 	235235	 	265031	 	
15 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	 	357616	 	355743	 	307897	 	370365	 	
16 	Imputed value of household labour	 	 	56761	 	78053	 	24769	 	76299	 	
17 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	 	414377	 	433796	 	332666	 	446663

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    143	 	
 	
 	
 
A 2.17	 District wise Cost of Cultivation p	er hectare (in Rs.) of Cowpea (Summer)	 during 	201	9-20	 	
Sl 
No	 	Components	 	Kozhikode	 	Wayanad	 	Kannur	 	Kasaragod	 	State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	4424	 	46198	 	84398	 	47828	 	59371	 	
2 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	14114	 	5576	 	2079	 	
4 	Seed / seedlings	 	8627	 	10463	 	9588	 	6658	 	5949	 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	21198	 	15011	 	28430	 	40621	 	257	00	 	
6 	Plant protection	 	2064	 	2401	 	 	 	1856	 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	55	 	494	 	66	 	1313	 	323	 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	111	 	6335	 	 	4173	 	2406	 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	3631	 	7407	 	13653	 	10068	 	9495	 	
10	 	Other expe	nses	 	17696	 	18022	 	65102	 	8878	 	28619	 	
11	 	Total cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	57805	 	106332	 	215351	 	125115	 	135798	 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	2148	 	6441	 	3788	 	44820	 	8571	 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	59954	 	112773	 	219139	 	169935	 	144369	 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	172900	 	58520	 	125920	 	211	015	 	186113	 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	232854	 	171293	 	345059	 	380950	 	330482	 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	88072	 	140310	 	65268	 	91102	 	115878	 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	320926	 	311602	 	410327	 	472052	 	446360

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    144	 	
 
A 2.18	 District wise Cost of Cultivation p	er hectare (in	 Rs.) of Cardamom	 during 	 	
201	9-20	 	
Sl No	 	Components	 	Idukki	 	Palakkad	 	Wayanad	 	State	 	
1 	Hired human labour	 	77539	 	34444	 	78692	 	57314	 	
 	
02 	Animal labour	 	 	 	 	 	
 	
3 	Machine labour	 	 	 	 	 	
 	
 4 	Seed / seedlings	 	 	 	 	 	
 	
5 	Farmyard manure and chemical 
fertilizers	 	
39455	 	85822	 	30325	 	58009	 	
 	
6 	Plant protection	 	38129	 	1944	 	25055	 	15441	 	
 	
7 	Land tax and irrigation cess	 	113	 	494	 	494	 	451	 	
 	
8 	Repair and maintenance charges of 
implements, machinery and building 	 	
4077	 	 	8099	 	3754	 	
 	
9 	Interest on working capital	 	15512	 	12221	 	13407	 	13076	 	
 	
10	 	Other expenses	 	33189	 	2538	 	18227	 	12391	 	
 	
11	 	Total cost 	‘A’ (1	-10)	 	208014	 	137463	 	174299	 	160436	 	
 	
12	 	Interest on fixed capital	 	5111	 	288	 	19159	 	8506	 	
 	
13	 	Cost ‘B1’ (11+12)	 	213125	 	137751	 	193458	 	168942	 	
 	
14	 	Interest on land value	 	129975	 	43775	 	153294	 	98060	 	
 	
15	 	Cost ‘	B’ (13+14)	 	343100	 	181526	 	346752	 	267002	 	
 	
16	 	Imputed value of household labour	 	45576	 	35073	 	130105	 	74884	 	
 	
17	 	Cost ‘C’ (15+16)	 	388676	 	216599	 	476857	 	341886

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    145	 	
 	
 	
 	A 3.	1 Percentage of Hired human labour hours to total	 human 	
labour hours under Autumn P	addy	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	39.57	 	38.37	 	77.94	 	
2 	Kollam	 	49.15	 	37.81	 	86.96	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	40.31	 	43.86	 	84.17	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	36.35	 	53.4	 	89.75	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	43.07	 	26.64	 	69.71	 	
6 	Idukki	 	34.63	 	34.67	 	69.3	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	53.3	 	33.62	 	86.92	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	67.55	 	17.01	 	84.56	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	11.02	 	80.18	 	91.2	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	41.98	 	34.19	 	76.17	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	28.28	 	40.62	 	68.9	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	 	 	0 	
13	 	Kannur	 	19.28	 	46.18	 	65.46	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	16.64	 	59.18	 	75.82	 	
  	State	 	38.	35	 	43.58	 	81.93	 	
 	
A 3.2	 Percentage of Hired 	human labour hours to total h	uman 	
labour hours under Winter P	addy	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	39.48	 	38.5	 	77.98	 	
2 	Kollam	 	37.67	 	44.39	 	82.06	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	60.32	 	29.26	 	89.58	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	27.37	 	38.59	 	65.96	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	36.12	 	30.3	2 	66.44	 	
6 	Idukki	 	32.11	 	37.13	 	69.24	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	39.84	 	41.48	 	81.32	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	52.7	 	19.24	 	71.94	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	19.2	 	65.57	 	84.77	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	50.82	 	29.53	 	80.35	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	25.06	 	51.12	 	76.18	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	28.09	 	54.41	 	82.5	 	
13	 	 Kannur	 	14.98	 	56.46	 	71.44	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	12.68	 	45.19	 	57.87	 	
 	State	 	40.24	 	38.31	 	78.5	5

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    146	 	
 
 
 	 	
A 3.3 	Percentage of Hired human labour hours to total human 	
labour hours under 	    	Summer P	addy	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	35.46	 	37.7	 	73.16	 	
2 	Kollam	 	36.2	 	49.1	 	85.3	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	37.02	 	42.03	 	79.05	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	42.73	 	42.11	 	84.84	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	41.8	 	30.12	 	71.92	 	
6 	Idukki	 	62.85	 	29.79	 	92.64	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	41.64	 	33.73	 	75.37	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	62.3	 	16.88	 	79.18	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	11.33	 	74.69	 	86.02	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	51.21	 	20.23	 	71.44	 	
11	 	Kozhikko	de 	23.16	 	46.8	 	69.96	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	26.91	 	47.85	 	74.76	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	11.04	 	63.8	 	74.84	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	8.38	 	57.88	 	66.26	 	
 	State	 	37.87	 	39.35	 	77.22	 	
 	
A3.4 Percentage of Hired human labour hours to total 	human 	
labour hours under Coconut	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	71.7	 	0.39	 	72.09	 	
2 	Kollam	 	79.38	 	0 	79.38	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	77.83	 	0 	77.83	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	83.5	 	0.4	 	83.9	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	74.26	 	4.05	 	78.31	 	
6 	Idukki	 	50.11	 	0 	50.11	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	86.33	 	0 	86.33	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	68.75	 	7.9	 	76.65	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	70.79	 	11.26	 	82.05	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	71.22	 	9.41	 	80.63	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	79.51	 	1.97	 	81.48	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	44.12	 	30.37	 	74.49	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	61.05	 	22.78	 	83.83	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	38.69	 	25.67	 	64.36	 	
  	State	 	69.66	 	8.2	 	77.8	6

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    147	 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
A 3.6 Perc	entage of Hired human labour hours to total human 	
labour hours under Tapioca	 	
 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	73.84	 	0 	73.84	 	
2 	Kollam	 	64.46	 	0 	64.46	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	53.62	 	0.53	 	54.15	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	49.61	 	2.14	 	51.75	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	62.07	 	0 	62.07	 	
6 	Idukki	 	52.99	 	28.13	 	81.12	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	75.66	 	0.58	 	76.24	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	62	 	10.39	 	72.39	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	26.43	 	24.45	 	50.88	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	53.53	 	9.48	 	63.01	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	60.63	 	0.67	 	61.3	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	57.27	 	1.54	 	58.81	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	51.67	 	17.06	 	68.73	 	
14	 	Kasarago	d 	34.49	 	27.65	 	62.14	 	
 	State	 	58.93	 	6.01	 	64.9	4 	
A 3.5 	Percentage of Hired human labour hours to total human 	
labour ho	urs under Arecanut	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	65.2	 	0.65	 	65.85	 	
2 	Kollam	 	82.36	 	0 	82.36	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	52.54	 	0 	52.54	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	20.38	 	0.55	 	20.93	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	33.25	 	0 	33.25	 	
6 	Idukki	 	43.63	 	0 	43.63	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	73.83	 	5.75	 	79.5	8 	
8 	Thrissur	 	46.53	 	13.23	 	59.76	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	55.81	 	24.66	 	80.47	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	65.16	 	13.84	 	79	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	64.31	 	7.43	 	71.74	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	63.49	 	17.76	 	81.25	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	42.86	 	35.19	 	78.05	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	33.88	 	21.56	 	55.44	 	
  	State	 	54.04	 	15.15	 	69.19

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    148	 	
 	
 
 
 	
A 3.8 	Percentage of Hired human labour hours to total human 	
labour hours under Pepper	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	75.48	 	0 	75.48	 	
2 	Kollam	 	69	.55	 	0 	69.55	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	65.74	 	0 	65.74	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	36.39	 	0.33	 	36.72	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	51.41	 	4.34	 	55.75	 	
6 	Idukki	 	47.58	 	13.59	 	61.17	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	60.06	 	1.79	 	61.85	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	56.2	 	9.05	 	65.25	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	44.42	 	11.76	 	56.18	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	63.32	 	8.71	 	72.03	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	55.15	 	0 	55.15	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	56.94	 	8.58	 	65.52	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	70.89	 	4.26	 	75.15	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	23.91	 	18.8	 	42.71	 	
 	State	 	58.33	 	5.47	 	63.8	 	
 
 	
A 3.7 	Percentage of Hired human labour hours to total human 	
labour hours under Banana	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	65.07	 	0 	65.07	 	
2 	Kollam	 	76.09	 	0 	76.09	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	67.68	 	0 	67.	68	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	55.72	 	0 	55.72	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	42.33	 	3.8	 	46.13	 	
6 	Idukki	 	77.98	 	6.51	 	84.49	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	87.76	 	0.97	 	88.73	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	51.64	 	9.15	 	60.79	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	45.23	 	18.05	 	63.28	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	60.3	 	0 	60.3	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	73.5	 	0 	73.5	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	47.02	 	0 	47.02	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	37.8	 	42.11	 	79.91	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	16.61	 	17.69	 	34.3	 	
  	State	 	58.87	 	6.15	 	65.02

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    149	 	
 	
 
 	
A 3.9 Percentage of Hired human labour hours to total human labour 	
hours under Ginge	r 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	57.97	 	0 	57.97	 	
2 	Kollam	 	61.91	 	0 	61.91	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	60.84	 	0 	60.84	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	52.77	 	13.48	 	66.25	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	41.47	 	0.25	 	41.72	 	
6 	Idukki	 	40.73	 	3.72	 	44.45	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	39.77	 	2.71	 	42.48	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	29.23	 	11.02	 	40.25	 	
9 	Palakka	d 	9.11	 	70.79	 	79.9	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	55.31	 	9.29	 	64.6	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	34.38	 	24.54	 	58.92	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	42.41	 	33.86	 	76.27	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	48.47	 	21.32	 	69.79	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	15.24	 	30.06	 	45.3	 	
 	State	 	38.58	 	24.48	 	63.07	 	
 
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 	
A 3.10 	Percentage of Hired human labour hours to	 total 	human labour 	
hours under	 Turmeric	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	53.24	 	0 	53.24	 	
2 	Kollam	 	57.73	 	0 	57.73	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	46.31	 	9.35	 	55.66	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	57.54	 	4.79	 	62.33	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	26.37	 	0 	26.37	 	
6 	Idukki	 	49.35	 	18.49	 	67.84	 	
7 	Eranak	ulam	 	43.82	 	2.81	 	46.63	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	31.89	 	22.02	 	53.91	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	6.09	 	33.68	 	39.77	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	45.25	 	15.84	 	61.09	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	23.13	 	9.21	 	32.34	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	10.32	 	14.04	 	24.36	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	33.28	 	8.3	 	41.58	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	19.05	 	27.91	 	46.96	 	
 	State	 	37.48	 	12.63	 	50.12

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    150	 	
 	
A 3.11	 Percentage of Hired human labour hours to total 	human labour hours 	
under Pineapple	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	74.36	 	0 	74.36	 	
2 	Kollam	 	73.01	 	11.74	 	84.75	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	58.33	 	0 	58.33	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	100	 	0 	100	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	57.75	 	3.4	 	61.15	 	
6 	Idukki	 	84.23	 	9.67	 	93.9	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	55.77	 	28.57	 	84.34	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	77.99	 	14.15	 	92.14	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	79.04	 	18.31	 	97.35	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	68.2	 	18.05	 	86.25	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	42.97	 	48.68	 	91.65	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	 	 	0 	
13	 	Kann	ur 	65.29	 	31.1	 	96.39	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	33.99	 	35.06	 	69.05	 	
 	State	 	64.05	 	10.91	 	74.96	 	
 
 	
A 3.12	 Percentage of Hired human labour hours to tot	al human labour 	
hours under	 Bitter Gourd (Autumn)	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	28.8	 	0 	28.8	 	
2 	Ko	llam	 	65.73	 	0.25	 	65.98	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	47.87	 	0 	47.87	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	38.98	 	8.02	 	47	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	42.61	 	1.04	 	43.65	 	
6 	Idukki	 	 	 	0 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	29.42	 	10.91	 	40.33	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	17.62	 	17.81	 	35.43	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	25.86	 	49.1	 	74.96	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	38.58	 	4.17	 	42.75	 	
11	 	Kozhi	kkode	 	0 	0 	0 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	 	 	0 	
13	 	Kannur	 	18.75	 	38.74	 	57.49	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	 	 	0 	
 	State	 	36.24	 	14.68	 	50.92

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    151	 	
 	
 
 
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 
 
 	
 	
A 3.13	 Percentage of Hired human lab	our hours to total human labour 	
hours under	 Bitter Gourd (Winter)	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvanantha	puram	 	30.89	 	0 	30.89	 	
2 	Kollam	 	62	 	0.43	 	62.43	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	37.81	 	0 	37.81	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	46.65	 	0 	46.65	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	41.38	 	4.56	 	45.94	 	
6 	Idukki	 	46.82	 	2.23	 	49.05	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	29.28	 	8.14	 	37.42	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	30.84	 	9.68	 	40.52	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	20.56	 	43.76	 	64.32	 	
10	 	Mal	appuram	 	39.65	 	15.56	 	55.21	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	27.39	 	2.13	 	29.52	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	0 	0 	0 	
13	 	Kannur	 	47.01	 	9.48	 	56.49	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	11.22	 	9.4	 	20.62	 	
 	State	 	35.78	 	12.2	 	47.98	 	
A 3.14	 Percentage of Hired human lab	our hours to total human labour 	
hours under Bitter Gourd (Summer)	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	26.81	 	0 	26.81	 	
2 	Kollam	 	60.39	 	0 	60.39	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	32.08	 	0 	32.08	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	52.33	 	0 	52.33	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	24.52	 	0 	24.52	 	
6 	Idukki	 	 	 	0 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	27.41	 	11.61	 	39.	02	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	15.44	 	8.01	 	23.45	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	37.73	 	3.43	 	41.16	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	33.95	 	11.92	 	45.87	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	5.85	 	0 	5.85	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	8.22	 	0 	8.22	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	23.48	 	4.07	 	27.55	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	3.94	 	7.8	 	11.74	 	
 	State	 	29.	66	 	2.94	 	32.6	0

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    152	 	
 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 
 	
A 3.15	 Percentage of Hired human lab	our hours to total human labour 	
hours under Cowpea (Autumn)	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	30.45	 	0 	30.45	 	
2 	Kollam	 	60.36	 	1.59	 	61.95	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	41.58	 	0 	41.58	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	41.01	 	4.87	 	45.88	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	36.86	 	2.25	 	39.11	 	
6 	Idukki	 	 	 	0 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	60.91	 	0.86	 	61.77	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	16.18	 	30.14	 	46.32	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	15.35	 	56.51	 	71.86	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	42.93	 	1.82	 	44.75	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	0 	0 	0 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	 	 	0 	
13	 	Kannur	 	11.97	 	59.59	 	71.56	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	 	 	0 	
 	State	 	34.41	 	16.89	 	51.3	 	
A3.16	Percentage of	 Hired human labour hours to total human labour 
hours under Cowpea (Winter)	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	37.53	 	0 	37.53	 	
2 	Kollam	 	58.05	 	0.31	 	58.36	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	45.42	 	0 	45.42	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	44.82	 	0.49	 	45.31	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	26.5	 	0 	26.5	 	
6 	Idukki	 	33.42	 	4.02	 	37.44	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	30.09	 	7.32	 	37.41	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	21.99	 	18.34	 	40.33	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	11.31	 	62.32	 	73.63	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	25.74	 	9.09	 	34.83	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	14.33	 	4.09	 	18.42	 	
12	 	Way	anad	 	16.89	 	8.45	 	25.34	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	30.63	 	31.71	 	62.34	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	12.97	 	20.1	 	33.07	 	
 	State	 	29.38	 	13.13	 	42.5	1

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    153	 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	 	
 
 
 	
 	
 
 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
A 3.17	 Percentage of Hired human lab	our hours to total human labour 	
hours under Cowpea (Summer)	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	27.22	 	0 	27.22	 	
2 	Kollam	 	53.88	 	0 	53.88	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	37.38	 	0 	37.38	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	29.23	 	0 	29.23	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	23.37	 	0 	23.37	 	
6 	Idukki	 	 	 	0 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	21.53	 	7.18	 	28.71	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	34.61	 	11.89	 	46.5	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	45.49	 	4.71	 	50.2	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	20.65	 	4.23	 	24.88	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	3.79	 	0 	3.79	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	14.18	 	10.73	 	24.91	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	22.58	 	35.47	 	58.05	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	17.24	 	16.34	 	33.58	 	
 	State	 	27.94	 	5.78	 	33.72	 	
A 3.18	 Percentage of Hired human labour hours	 to total	 	
human labour hours under	 Cardamom	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Male	 	Female	 	Total	 	
1 	Idukki	 	34.79	 	29.33	 	64.12	 	
2 	Palakkad	 	31.08	 	17.95	 	49.03	 	
3 	Wayanad	 	9.13	 	32.75	 	41.88	 	
 	State	 	17.43	 	28.32	 	45.75

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    154	 	
 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	 	
 	
 	
 	
A4.1 District wise Value of product and b	y-product per hectare 	 (in Rs.) 	of 	
Autumn Paddy	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Product	 	By Product	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	109545	 	40014	 	149560	 	
2 	Kollam	 	76040	 	25344	 	101384	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	111930	 	10365	 	122294	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	112353	 	1171	 	113524	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	112748	 	2123	 	11	4871	 	
6 	Idukki	 	78791	 	 	78791	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	124717	 	8376	 	133093	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	46425	 	520	 	46945	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	130734	 	331	 	131065	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	60040	 	14694	 	74734	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	62667	 	9724	 	72391	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	 	 	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	74711	 	29058	 	103769	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	77574	 	29194	 	106769	 	
 	State	 	92662	 	9316	 	101978

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    155	 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 	
 	
 	
A4.2 District wise Value of product and by	-product per hectare	  (in Rs.) 	of 	
Winter Paddy	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Product	 	By Product	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	101057	 	36621	 	1376	78	 	
2 	Kollam	 	66468	 	23454	 	89922	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	118710	 	11222	 	129932	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	123353	 	1760	 	125113	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	135258	 	1682	 	136940	 	
6 	Idukki	 	68690	 	36275	 	104965	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	99645	 	12393	 	112038	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	109423	 	10263	 	119686	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	128656	 	17572	 	14622	9 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	99837	 	15491	 	115328	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	72582	 	10680	 	83262	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	95611	 	17445	 	113055	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	57208	 	28963	 	86171	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	90614	 	36527	 	127141	 	
  	State	 	105	623	 	135	63	 	119	186

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    156	 	
 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 
 
         	 	
 	
 	
 
 	
A4.3 District wise Value of product and by	-product per hectare 	  (in Rs.) 	of 	
Summer Paddy	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Product	 	By Product	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	120658	 	41968	 	162626	 	
2 	Kollam	 	87147	 	20427	 	107574	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	107468	 	9067	 	116536	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	10471	5 	1936	 	106650	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	144141	 	1636	 	145777	 	
6 	Idukki	 	34992	 	14057	 	49049	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	88492	 	10210	 	98702	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	145488	 	7319	 	152807	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	134256	 	17774	 	152030	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	106678	 	12903	 	119581	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	86440	 	14286	 	100726	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	94539	 	8855	 	103394	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	59463	 	34763	 	94226	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	194583	 	31682	 	226265	 	
  	State	 	121326	 	8242	 	129568

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    157	 	
 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 	 	
A4.4 District wise Value of product and by	-product per hectare 	(in Rs.) 	 	
of Coconut	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Produ	ct 	By Product	 	Total	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	246817	 	5492	 	252309	 	
2 	Kollam	 	116003	 	183	 	116186	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	100133	 	1258	 	101391	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	141653	 	274	 	141927	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	136760	 	1076	 	137836	 	
6 	Idukki	 	196024	 	 	196025	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	146808	 	184	 	146992	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	134887	 	1338	 	136225	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	311638	 	4716	 	316354	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	151017	 	8191	 	159208	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	83939	 	1659	 	85598	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	98249	 	 	98249	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	197549	 	2350	 	199898	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	135700	 	2869	 	138569	 	
 	State	 	158910	 	2710	 	161620

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    158	 	
 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 	 	
A4.5 District wise Value of product and by	-product per hectare	  (in Rs.) of 	
Arecanut, Tapioca	 and Banana.	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Arecanut	 	Tapioca	 	Banana	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	112409	 	311440	 	594708	 	
2 	Kollam	 	98875	 	227299	 	396123	 	
3 	Pathan	amthitta	 	94714	 	347398	 	427599	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	87871	 	327625	 	470628	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	94013	 	317002	 	544932	 	
6 	Idukki	 	90271	 	304233	 	443447	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	534314	 	398934	 	486385	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	293156	 	303384	 	643170	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	254472	 	554488	 	594262	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	187278	 	322934	 	46	9200	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	261041	 	326155	 	623242	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	123742	 	198450	 	281614	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	302179	 	725304	 	569833	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	583875	 	311613	 	537936	 	
 	
 
State	 	
 	
2607	26	 	337498	 	525063

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    159	 	
 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
A4.6 District wise Value of pro	duct and by	-product per hectare	  (in Rs.) of	 	
Pepper,	 Ginger	 and Turmeric.	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Pepper	 	Ginger	 	Turmeric	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	210871	 	974424	 	377755	 	
2 	Kollam	 	350048	 	397086	 	179216	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	197535	 	391878	 	241262	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	250942	 	402836	 	375	207	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	200801	 	407119	 	274357	 	
6 	Idukki	 	134870	 	215018	 	226799	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	232855	 	526929	 	359571	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	220053	 	334496	 	219610	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	163643	 	962361	 	1073871	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	133580	 	294085	 	163060	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	235414	 	461807	 	211669	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	10	4771	 	577677	 	203405	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	200963	 	489501	 	257351	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	247265	 	703864	 	402295	 	
 	State	 	192577	 	599480	 	301175

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    160	 	
 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
A4.7	 District wise Value of product and by	-product per 	
hectare	 of Pineapple	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Pineapple	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	515884	 	
2 	Kollam	 	286529	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	153292	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	189400	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	397280	 	
6 	Idukki	 	388371	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	453134	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	366641	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	413580	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	249651	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	429749	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	182776	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	560897	 	
 	State	 	364160

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    161	 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 	 	
A4.8	 District wise Value of product and by	-product per hectare	 Bitter gourd 	
(Autumn, Winter and Summer)	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Bitter gou	rd 	
(Autumn)	 	
Bitter gou	rd 	
(Winter)	 	
Bitter gou	rd 	
(Summer)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	580215	 	637274	 	641086	 	
2 	Kollam	 	420685	 	431142	 	396009	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	293897	 	313766	 	281580	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	360817	 	371890	 	432935	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	351725	 	358784	 	358150	 	
6 	Idukki	 	 	247598	 	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	131029	 	2748	14	 	199987	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	280281	 	302381	 	286939	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	586022	 	594766	 	174629	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	212091	 	233505	 	206682	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	553280	 	463479	 	322752	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	 	394212	 	168454	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	252039	 	308798	 	364437	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	 	341356	 	359730	 	
 	State	 	407637	 	41213	5 	350825

Department Of Economics & Statistics, Kerala	                               	    162	 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 	
A4.10 District wise Value of product and 	by	-product per hectare of Cardamom	 	
 	
 
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	 	
 	 	
A4.9	 District wise Value of product and by	-product per hectare (in Rs.) 	 of Cowpea 	
(Autumn, Winter and Summer)	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Cowpea(Autumn)	 	Cowpea(Winter)	 	Cowpea(Summer)	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	46	0800	 	468318	 	477961	 	
2 	Kollam	 	418638	 	425247	 	389071	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	265386	 	281992	 	279064	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	404673	 	413888	 	405646	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	381457	 	322875	 	344909	 	
6 	Idukki	 	 	298998	 	 	
7 	Eranakulam	 	331697	 	312194	 	278073	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	256289	 	273826	 	233721	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	496912	 	446278	 	158903	 	
10	 	Malappuram	 	168230	 	160083	 	140291	 	
11	 	Kozhikkode	 	456950	 	186450	 	212273	 	
12	 	Wayanad	 	 	288795	 	169533	 	
13	 	Kannur	 	249025	 	276270	 	303155	 	
14	 	Kasaragod	 	 	272851	 	263298	 	
 	State	 	370415	 	331754	 	296293	 	
Sl No	 	District	 	Cardamom	 	
1 	Idukki	 	 	
2 	Palakkad	 	 	
3 	Wayanad	 	 	
 	State	 	 709010 395143 467894 460312
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