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Home / Data & Insights / Data Explorer

Category: Agriculture

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2015-16

Published Date: 28, Dec 2018

Jurisdiction : Kerala

Scheme : Evaluation of Soil Conservation

View Count : 891

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2015-16

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2015-16

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Transcript

Government of Kerala 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
   	
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DEPARTMENT OF 	ECONOMICS 	& STATISTICS	 	
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM	 	
2018

PREFACE	 
 
 
 	
One  of  the  most  valuable  gifts  of  nature  to  mankind  is  soil.    For  the 
maintenance  of  soil,  adequate  protection  and  conservation  is  necessary.  Due  to  the 
peculiarity  of  the  rainfall  and  topography  of  the  state,  soil  conservation  assumes 
importance  in  our  planning  process.  Heavy  soil  erosion  results  in  the  loss  of  fertility 
and  moisture  content  of  the  earth’s  surface  and  diminishing  rate  of  agricultural 
production.  Hence  Government  is  implementing  various  soil  conservation  measures 
through  the  soil  conservation  department,  local  bodies,  etc.,  for  maintaining  the 
fertility  and  moisture  content  of  the  surface  soil.  The  Evaluation  study  of  soil 
conservation  schemes  has  been  done  by  the  Directorate  of  Economics  and  Statistics 
for all districts except Wayanad and Idukki. This report relates to the survey results of 
43  schemes  completed  by  the  Soil  Conservation  Department  and  various  other 
agencies.  The field survey was conducted during the agricultural year   2015-2016 by 
the  Statistical  Investigators  under  the  supervision  of  the  Research  Officer  and  Deputy 
Director  in  the  District  Offices.    The  schemes  implemented  and  completed  before  five 
years  are  taken  up  for  study  so  that  full  benefit  of  the  scheme  could  be  evaluated  and 
assessed.    This  evaluation  study  results  may  be  much  of  use  to  Administrators, 
Statisticians,  Research  Scholars,  Agricultural  Geologists  and  others  interested  in  the 
subject. 
  I  acknowledge  my  sincere  thanks  to  the  staff  of  Soil  Conservation  Department 
and  other  local  bodies  for  their  valuable  suggestion  and  whole  hearted  co-operation 
for the successful conduct of the survey in the state. 	
 
                   
Thiruvananthapuram,  
28-12-2018  Sd/- 
                V. RAMACHANDRAN 
                 DIRECTOR GENERAL

OFFICERS OF EVALUATION DIVISION	 
 
 
 
 
 	

 	
Additional Director (SI) 	Smt.SHEELA.P.SANKAR 	
Deputy Director 	Smt. SOBHANA  PILLAI.L 	
Research Officer 	Smt.THAHIRA . K.M 	
Research Assistant 	Smt. DEVI VYSALA.P.V 	
Statistical Assistants  Grade I 	Smt. S. MINIMOL 	
Statistical Assistants  Grade I 	Smt. SAMEERA. V.R 	
Statistical Assistants  Grade II 	Smt.VINI AZHEEKKODAN

CONTENTS 
 
 	
 	Chapter – I 	Pages 	
1.1 	Introduction 	 	
1.2 	Objectives and Methodology 	1 	
1.3 	District Wise List Of Selected Schemes 	2 	
1.4 	Problems Of Soil Erosion 	6 	
1.5 	Methods of Soil Conservation Programmes 	7 	
1.6 
 	
Land Use Particulars 
 
Chapter – II 	
8 	
2.1  Impact of Soil Conservation Programmes on Land use and crop pattern 	30 	
2.2 	Cost Benefit Analysis of the Soil Conservation Programmes 	41 	
 Chapter – III 	 	
3.1 	Occupational Profile  	43 	
3.2  General Observations   	49 	
3.3 	Summary of Findings 	54

1 
 	
Chapter – I 	
 
1.1   Introduction   
 	
Land is one of the basic resources of a nation.  Productive land is the source of 
human  sustenance  and  security.    The  future  of  the  country  and  its  teeming  millions 
depend to a large extent, the conservation of its fertile soil through the proper land use 
and scientific agricultural practices.  
  Soil  conservation  means  applying  of  all  necessary  practices  to  maintain  the 
capability of land for which it is suited and to improve the productivity of agricultural 
land.    Considering  the  importance  of  soil  conservation  our  plan  provisions  enhanced 
for  optimizing  the  use  of  land  resources.    An  evaluation  study  in  this  front  can  be 
helpful for developing much more suitable conservation measures. 	
1.2   Objectives and Methodology  
 
The main objectives of the evaluation study are:  
1. To assess the benefit of the programme particularly in relation to the cultivation 
of seasonal and perennial crops. 
2.  To throw light on various aspects like cost benefit analysis, production potential 
etc. 
3.  To  estimate  the  extent  of  additional  area  brought  under  cultivation  consequent 
on the implementation of the programme. 
4.  To  study  the  effects  of  the  work  carried  out  by  the  Soil  Conservation 
Department in this direction. 
  For  this,  schemes  selected  were  executed  five  years  prior  to  the  survey  i.e. 
during  2010-11  in  the  State  by  the  Soil  Conservation  Department,  Local  Self 
Government  Department  and  other  Government  agencies.    The  study  covered  all 
the districts of the State except Wayanad and Idukki. The list of beneficiaries under 
each  scheme  is  collected  from  the  Soil  Conservation  Department,  Local  Self 
Government  Department  and  other  Government  agencies.      The  beneficiaries  are 
selected  by  stratified  random  sampling  method  on  the  basis  of  the  area  of  the 
holding.  The holdings are stratified into four stratum.

2 
 	
Holdings with less than 1 acre 	- 	Stratum I 	
Holdings with 1 acre or more but less than 3 acres 	- 	Stratum II 	
Holdings with 3 acre or more but less than 5 acres 	- 	Stratum III 	
Holdings with 5 acres and above 	- 	Stratum IV 
 
 
S	

election of Beneficiaries  
 
 	
Selection  of  beneficiaries  is  done  from  the  list  of  beneficiaries  collected  from 
Soil  Conservation  Department,  local  bodies  and  other  Government  agencies.    25 
beneficiaries  are  selected  from  each  scheme  by  simple  random  sampling  covering  all 
the  above  4  stratum  with  at  least  6  from  each  stratum.    If  in  any  stratum,  the  total 
number  of  beneficiaries  in  the  frame  is  less  than  the  number  to  be  selected,  the 
shortfall  is  compensated  from  another  stratum  with  the  nearest  area  of  the  holding.  
For the purpose of  comparison 5 control plots are also selected from the scheme area, 
where  the soil  conservation  works  are  not  carried  out  under  any  scheme.    The  district 
wise  selection  details  of  beneficiary  plots  and  control  plots  are  given  in  the  table  1  & 
1(a). 
 	
Statement Showing  List of  Selected  schemes  	
 	
Sl 
No. 	
DISTRICT NAME 	SCHEME  
NUMBER	 	
Name of Selected Schemes 	
1 	THIRUVANANTHAPUAM 	1 	Kamukinthodu,kayanikkarathodu 	
2 	Perumkulam Bundpunarudharanam 	
3 	Njarakkala channel bund 	
4 	Kunnanaduvanchiyoorkonam bund road side 
wall	 	
5 	KeezharoorAttukadavu bund road side wall 	
2 	KOLLAM 	1 	Chadayamangalam watershed padhathi 	
3 	PATHANAMTHITTA 	1 	Panikkampara watershed padhathy 	
2 	Vellappara watershed padhathy 	
3 	ChiravayalArukalikkal 	
4 	Payyanallor watershed padhathy

3 
 	
4 	ALAPPUZHA 	1 	Korthusserythodu coir bhuvastram 	
2 	Eliyathanamthodu coir bhuvastram 	
3 	Puthenveeduthodu coir bhuvastram 	
4 	MunnuttilChirathodu coir bhuvastram 	
5 	Valiyathodu coir bhuvastram 	
5 	KOTTAYAM 	1 	Chengalam watershed padhathy 	
6 	ERNAKULAM 	1 	Kavalangadpadashekarathodu 	
2 	Charuparakaithodusamrakshanapadhathy 	
3 	Chelakkappillithodusamrakshanapadhathy 	
4 	Mundoorchirasamrakshanam 	
5 	VeggachuvadKadlithodusamrakshanam	 	
7 	TRISSUR 	1 	Attumpuram watershed 	
8 	PALAKKAD 	1 	AkkiyampadamNeerthadapadhathy 	
2 	KundanthoduNeerthadapadhathy 	
9 	KOZHIKODE 	1 	Vattachiraanthiyoduthodupadhathy 	
2 	Chamalthodu watershed padhathy 	
3 	Kattipoyyil watershed padhathy 	
4 	Aruvithodu watershed padhathy 	
5 	Kakkery watershed padhathy 	
10 	MALAPPURAM 	1 	KizhiKallingal watershed 	
2 	Chekunnu watershed 	
3 	Palliyarthodu watershed 	
4 	Pullottaruthodu watershed 	
11 	KANNUR 	1 	Palliyarathodu watershed 	
2 	Nellikutty watershed 	
3 	Santhi Nagar watershed 	
4 	Vembuzha watershed 	
5 	Arangu-Mannumkund watershed 	
12 	KASARGOD 	1 	Kalliyadukum watershed scheme WGDP 	
2 	Chalinkal watershed scheme WGDP 	
3 	Pothavoor watershed scheme W 	
4 	Kottodi watershed scheme WGDP 	
5 	Aripod watershed scheme WGDP

4 
 	
 	
Table – 1 	
  Statement Showing Stratum Wise Distribution of Selected Beneficiaries 
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(Area in Acres)	 	
Sl 
No	
 	
Districts	 	No of 
Schemes  selected 	
Stratum 	-1 	Stratum	-11	 	Stratum	-	
111 	
Stratum 1V	 	Total	 	
No  Area  in 
Acres  No  Area 
in 
Acres  No  Area 
in 
Acres  No	 	Area 
in 
Acres  NO  Area in 
Acres 	
1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	8 	9 	10	 	11	 	12	 	13	 	
1 Thiruvananthapuram	 	5  117  23.57  8  11.29  0  0  0  0  125  34.9 	
2 Koll am 	1 	102	 	42.8\b	 	20	 	27.19	 	0 	0.00	 	3 	13.77	 	12\b	 	83.8	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	4 	12\b	 	36.32	 	0 	0.00	 	0 	0.00	 	0 	0.00	 	12\b	 	36.3	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	\b 	\b2	 	16.7\b	 	21	 	33.73	 	28	 	9\b.31	 	24	 	120.\b0	 	12\b	 	266.3	 	
5 
Kottayam 	1 	20	 	13.48	 	63	 	109.63	 	30	 	113.77	 	12	 	8\b.80	 	12\b	 	322.67\b	 	
6 Ernakulam 	\b 	87	 	32.78	 	38	 	48.78	 	0 	0.00	 	0 	0.00	 	12\b	 	81.6	 	
7 Thrissur 	1 	\b3	 	31.76	 	\b7	 	101.41	 	10	 	34.20	 	\b 	32.64	 	12\b	 	200.0	 	
8 Palakkad 	2 	\b7	 	28.99	 	\b6	 	92.0\b	 	9 	30.27	 	3 	18.29	 	12\b	 	169.6	 	
9 Malappuram 	4 	33	 	18.07	 	62	 	113.12	 	19	 	70.92	 	11	 	78.43	 	12\b	 	280.\b	 	
10 	Kozhikkode	 	\b 	71	 	31.33	 	4\b	 	7\b.\b8	 	9 	31.72	 	0 	0.00	 	12\b	 	138.6	 	
11 	Kannu	r 	\b 	36	 	22.49	 	\b8	 	92.60	 	30	 	100.81	 	1 	\b.1\b	 	12\b	 	221.1	 	
12 
Kasaragod 	\b 	60	 	\b6.7\b	 	43	 	68.\b4	 	17	 	62.99	 	\b 	2\b.80	 	12\b	 	214.1	 	
Total 	43 	813	 	355.14	 	4\b1	 	\b\b3.92	 	152	 	539.99	 	64	 	380.38	 	1500	 	2049.4

5 
 	
 	
TABLE 1(a) 	
Statement Showing Stratum Wise Distribution of Control Plots 	
(Area in  Acres)  	
Sl 
No 	
Districts 	No of Schemes selected 	
Stratum -1 	Stratum-11 	Stratum-111 	Stratum 1V	 	Total	 	
No 	Area in Acre 	No 	Area in Acre 	No 	Area in Acre 	No 	Area in Acre 	NO 	Area in Acre 	
1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	8 	9 	10 	11 	12 	13 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram 	\b 	23 	6.42 	2 	3.\b0 	0  	0.00 	0  	0.00 	2\b 	9.92 	
2 	Kollam 	1 	2\b 	9.94 	0  	0.00 	0  	0.00 	0  	0.00 	2\b 	9.94 	
3 	Pathanamthitta 	4 	2\b 	9.20 	0  	0.00 	0  	0.00 	0  	0.00 	2\b 	9.20 	
4 	Alappuzha 	\b 	2\b 	8.11 	0  	0.00 	0  	0.00 	0  	0.00 	2\b 	8.11 	
5 	Kottayam 	1 	4 	2.06 	12 	18.06 	6 	20.\b1 	3 	16.82 	2\b 	\b7.4\b 	
6 	Eranakulam 	\b 	21 	8.\b3 	4 	4.\b0 	0  	0.00 	0  	0.00 	2\b 	13.03 	
7 	Thrissur 	1 	6 	4.2\b 	1\b 	22.01 	4 	14.90 	0  	0.00 	2\b 	41.16 	
8 	Palakkad 	2 	11 	2.83 	13 	24.84 	1 	3.1\b 	0  	0.00 	2\b 	30.82 	
9 	Malappuram 	4 	7 	1.77 	11 	14.82 	4 	13.80 	3 	1\b.80 	2\b 	46.19 	
10 	Kozhikkode 	\b 	16 	6.41 	8 	11.10 	1 	3.80 	0  	0.00 	2\b 	21.31 	
11 	Kannu	r 	\b 	9 	6.2\b	 	14 	23.7\b	 	2 	7.94	 	0  	0.00	 	2\b 	37.94	 	
12 	Kasaragod	 	\b 	18 	9.\b8	 	7 	9.04	 	0  	0.00	 	0  	0.00	 	2\b 	18.62	 	
Total	 	43 	190	 	\b5.35	 	86 	131.62 	18 	64.10	 	6 	32.62	 	300	 	303.69	 	
 	
34.9 83.8
36.3266.3
322.7
81.6200.0
169.6 280.\b
138.6 221.1
214.1
0.0
\b0.0
100.0 1\b0.0 200.0 2\b0.0
300.0 3\b0.0	Area in Acres	
Distict Wise area of Selected Beneficiaries

6 
 	
 
 
The  total  number  of  beneficiaries  comes  to  1500.    About  54.2%  of  the 
beneficiaries  are  having  holding  less  than  one  acre,  31.4%  are  having  holdings  one 
acre  or  more  but  less  than  3  acres,10.13%  are  having  holding  3  acre  or  more  but  less 
than  5  acres  and  4.27%  of  the  beneficiaries are  having  holdings  of more  than  5  acres.  
In  order  to  compare  the  benefits  of  the  implementation  of  Soil  Conservation 
Programmes, control plots were also selected.  Its distribution is 63.33%, 28.67%, 6% 
and 2% respectively under Stratum I, II, III and IV. 
Following schedules were used for  collecting the details from beneficiary plots 
and control plots. 	
Schedule I 	- 	List of selected beneficiaries 	
Schedule II 	- 	Detailed study of the selected beneficiaries 	
Schedule III 	- 	List of control plots 	
Schedule IV 	- 	Detailed enumeration of the control plots 	
 
1.1  	Problems of Soil Erosion 	
Soil  erosion  means  the  disappearance  of  the  top  soil  by  the  action  of  wind  and 
water.    Ultimately  soil  erosion  leads  the  desertification  of  land.    Degradation  of 
natural  resources  has  lead  to  many  indirect  damages,  such  as  increasing  extent  of 	
9.92 9.94
9.28.11 \b7.4\b
13.03 41.16
30.82 46.19
21.3137.94
18.62
0
10 20
30
40
\b0
60
70	
Area in Acres	
District wise area of selected 
beneficiaries(Control Plot)

7 
 	
wasteland,  soil  erosion,  land  sliding,  etc.  all  these  cumulatively  or  independently 
affected agricultural area or reduce agricultural productivity.  Unlike other parts of the 
country,  Kerala  has  some  unique  land  form  related  aspects  such  as  over  90%  of  the 
geographical  area  is  either  in  midland  or  high land  category.   The  average  rate  of soil 
erosion  in  the  country,  to  the  tune  of  16.3t/ha/yr  –  has  been  alarming  and  has  to  be 
checked.    In  hilly  areas,  the  rate  is  much  higher,  i.e.  about  30  to  50  t/ha/yr/, 
considering  that  about  5cm  to  10  cm  of  the  top  soil  (ranging  from  0.05m  to  0.1  m 
depth)  is  being  lost  every  year  due  to  lead  management  practices.    It  has  been 
estimated  9-5  lakh  hectares  of  cultivated  land  in  the  State  is  having  soil  erosion 
problems. 
 
Responsibility for prevention of erosion   
 
 	Land  which  is  one  of  the  precious  gifts  of  the  nature  embodies  soil,  water  and 
associated  flora  and  fauna  involving  the  total  ecosystem.    The  topography  of  the  land 
plays  the  most  important  role  in  soil  erosion.    Kerala  is  a  narrow  strip  of  land  (width 
varies from   15 Km to 120 Km) situated on the Western Slopes of the Western Ghats 
(the  Sahyadri).    The  very  steep  slopes  facilitate  quick  run  off  of  the  rainfall  resulting 
in  low  time  of  concentration  poor  ground  water  recharge.    This  high  velocity  of  the 
surface  flow  causes  soil  displacement  and  movement.    The  surface  soil  gets  washed 
away  along  with  the  running  water.        The  major  portion  of  the  state  is  laterite  and  as 
such is more prone to erosion.  The different forms of soil erosion cause huge damage 
to Kerala’s economy every year and reported causalities   every year due to landslides 
in monsoon season. 	
1.4    Methods of Soil Conservation Programme 	
Soil  Conservation  practices  are  mainly  grouped  into  two  categories  viz. 
Agronomical  and  Engineering  measures.  Agronomic  measures  are  comparatively 
less  costly  such  as  contour  ploughing  /  optimal  fertilizing,  organic  farming,  etc.  
Engineering  measures  include  contour  bunding,  land  levelling,  construction  of 
check  dams  and  water  harvesting  structure,  etc.  At  present  various  watershed

8 
 	
programmes  are  being  implemented  in  the  state  for  effective  preservation  and 
management of the natural resources. 	
1.5   Land Use Particulars of the State 	 
There  has  been  a significant  change  in  the  land  use  of  the  state  over  the  years.  On 
many  occasions  the  change  is  adversely  affecting  the  environment  by  way  of 
intensified  soil  erosion,  water  logging,  conversion  of  paddy  lands,  etc.  are  some  of 
the  examples.    Cultivation  of  very  steep  lands  without  adopting  scientific 
conservation practices lead to heavy soil erosion.  Use of chemicals on a large scale 
for  agricultural  productions  leaves  dangerous  quantities  of  the  residues  in  the  soil 
and the water sources. 	
Chapter – II 
2.1  Impact of SoilConservationProgramme on Land Use and Crop Pattern   
 
   	
Before  1994-95,  soil  conservation  programme  was  executed  by 
Department  of  Agriculture/Soil  and  Water  conservation,  etc.    There  was  increased 
employment  to  rural  people  due  to  soil  and  water  conservation  works  and  this 
improved  the  income  of  people  and  reduced  migration  of  labour  from  these  places 
to  outside.    Soil  and  water  conservation  structures  in  arable  and  non-arable  lands 
reduced  soil  erosion,  soil  loss,  run-off  water,  etc.  and  increased  rainwater 
infiltration,  ground  water  table,  surface  storage,  cropping  intensity,  productivity  of 
crops, etc.  As long as works were carried out based on funding by Government and 
subsides  provided  for  supporting  income  generating  enterprises,  there  was  positive 
impact. 
After  1994-95,  there  was  a  proposal  from  the  Government  that  people  should 
contribute  5-10%  or  more  towards  soil  and  water  conservation  works.    Farmers 
contributed  in  some  of  the  watersheds  based  on  the  direct  benefits  derived  from 
such activities; 
Soil  can  be  well  maintained  through  bundling  (mechanical  and  mechanical-cum-
vegetative  barriers),  deep  ploughing,  levelling,  smoothening,  etc.    Bunding  was

9 
 	
accepted  by  farmers  to  strengthen  existing  bunds  without  any  obstruction  in  their 
plot   Moisture conservation on measures increased yield magically. 
Farmers  in  different  parts  reported  the  fact  that  the  sustainability  of  agriculture  is 
only possible by soil and water conservation measures.  They also reported that soil 
erosion  can  be  minimized  and  irrigation  potentials  can  be  improved  through  soil 
and  water  conservation  measures.    In  addition,  vegetation  covering  the  soil  is  a 
must for minimizing soil loss even further. 
Table  2  gives  number  of  beneficiaries  selected  in  each  district  and  cost  of  the 
selected schemes. Also gives total area covered. 
 	
Table – 2 	
District wise Details of Area, Cost and Number of Beneficiaries 	
 	
SL NO	 	District 	Area (Acres)	 	Cost ( Rs.)	 	Number of beneficiaries	 	
Total	 	Selected	 	
1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	198.00	 	4126\b0	 	125 	12\b	 	
2 	Kollam 	741.00	 	7\b00000	 	125 	12\b	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta 	6717.00	 	17671\b48	 	125 	12\b	 	
4 	Alappuzha 	339.71	 	1\b93\b11	 	346 	12\b	 	
5 	Kottayam 	926.00	 	8700000	 	125 	12\b	 	
6 	Eranakulam 	2\b4.47	 	1061\b93	 	125 	12\b	 	
7 	Thrissur 	1203.00	 	786\b698	 	125 	12\b	 	
8 	Palakkad 	600.48	 	421\b29	 	125 	12\b	 	
9 	Malappuram 	3904.26	 	2843482\b	 	125 	12\b	 	
10 	Kozhikkode 	308.84	 	103\b2\b6	 	127 	12\b	 	
11 	Kannoor 	7138.30	 	41\b1477	 	125 	12\b	 	
12 	Kasaragod 	\b63.\b0	 	148831\b	 	125 	12\b	 	
Total 	22894.56 	80336402	 	1\b23	 	1500

10 
 	
 
 
 
 	
Land Use particulars of Beneficiary plots 
 	
Table  Ns.  3  and  3(a)  reveals  the  land  use  particulars  of  beneficiary  plots  and 
control  plots  respectively.    There  is  only  slight  increase  in  area  after  soil 	
198.00 741.006717.00
339.71 926.00
2\b4.471203.00
600.48 3904.26
308.847138.30
\b63.\b0
0.00
1000.00 2000.00
3000.00
4000.00
\b000.00
6000.00
7000.00
8000.00	
Area in Acres	
District Wise Area of selected Scheme	
4126\b0 7\b00000 17671\b48
1\b93\b118700000
1061\b93 786\b698
421\b292843482\b
103\b2\b6 41\b1477
148831\b
0
\b000000
10000000 1\b000000 20000000
2\b000000
30000000	
Cost in Rs
.	
District Wise details of Cost in Rs.

11 
 	
conservation programme.  Area increased from 1939.71 acres to 1941.42 acres after 
the  implementation  of  soil  conservation  programme.    Only  1.71  acres  of  land  has 
brought  under  cultivation  which  was  not  cultivated  earlier.  That  is  only  0.08%  of 
additional  area  is  cultivated  after  the  implementation  of  soil  conservation 
programme.    In  other  words  area  under  cultivation  has  increased  from  94.65%  to 
94.73% by decreasing the current fallow from 1.07% to 0.96% . 
         
On  examining  the  district  wise  data,  an  increase  in  area  noted  only  in 
Thiruvananthapuram,  Thrissur,  Alappuzha  and  Kozhikkode.  But  this  increase  is 
only  1.37,  0.80,  0.50  and  0.64  respectively.   While  in  Palakkad  and  Malappuram 
a	

rea decreased.

12 
 	
Table 3 - Land Use Particulars of Beneficiary Plots 	
 
(Area in Acres)
 	
Sl No  District 
Area Cultivated   Current Fallow  Other Use Area not Cultivated 
Total
\b	
Before Sc Work 
After  Sc Work 
Before Sc Work 
After  Sc Work 
Before Sc Work 
After  Sc Work 
Before Sc Work 
After  Sc Work 
Before\bSc\bWork\b
After\b\bSc\bWork\b	
Area  %  Area  %  Area  %  Area  %  Area  %  Area  %  Area  %  Area  % 
Area
\b
Area
\b	
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19\b
21\b	
1  Thiruvananthapuram 
29.260  83.94  30.630  87.87 
1.43
 
4.1
 
0.06
 
0.1\b
 
4.13
 
11.85
 
13 
14 
0.04
 
0.11
 
0.04
 
0.11 
34.86
 
34.86
 	
2 
Kollam
 
78.280 
93.40 
78.280 
93.40 
0.02
 
0.02
 
0.02
 
0.02
 
5.44
 
6.49
 
4.13
 
11.85
 
0.0\b
 
0.08
 
0.0\b
 
0.08 
83.81
 
83.81
 	
3  Pathanamthitta 
36.270  99.86  36.270  99.86 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0.05
 
0.14
 
5.44
 
6.49
 
0 
0 
0 
0 
36.32
 
36.32
 	
4 
Alappuzha
 
264.470 
99.32 
264.970 
99.\b0 
0.9\b
 
0.36
 
0.4\b
 
0.18
 
0.\b5
 
0.28
 
0.05
 
0.14
 
0.1
 
0.04
 
0.1
 
0.04 
266.29
 
266.29
 	
5  Kottayam 
317.0\b\b  98.26  317.0\b\b  98.26 
0.05
 
0.02
 
0.05
 
0.02
 
5.5\b
 
1.\b3
 
0.\b5
 
0.28
 
0 
0 
0 
0 
322.68
 
322.
68
 	
6 
Eranakulam 
76.770 
94.13 
76.770 
94.13 
1.\b3
 
2.12
 
1.\b3
 
2.12
 
3.06
 
3.\b5
 
5.5\b
 
1.\b3
 
0 
0 
0 
0 
81.\b6
 
81.\b6
 	
7  Thrissur 
188.4\b0  94.22  189.2\b0  94.62 
0.8
 
0.4
 
0 
0 
10.\b6
 
5.38
 
3.06
 
3.\b5
 
0 
0 
0.12
 
0.06 
200.01
 
200.01
 	
8 
Palakkad
 
147.230 
86.81 
147.080 
86.72 
4.34
 
2.56
 
4.49
 
2.65
 
5.61
 
3.31
 
5.61
 
3.31
 
12.42
 
\b.32
 
12.42
 
7.32 
169.6
 
169.6
 	
9  Malappuram 
260.440  92.84  2\b8.990  92.32 
8.05
 
2.8\b
 
9.45
 
3.3\b
 
\b.\b1
 
2.\b5
 
\b.\b6
 
2.\b\b
 
4.34
 
1.55
 
4.34
 
1.\b\b 
280.\b4
 
280.\b4
 	
10 
Kozhikkode
 
126.760 
91.44 
127.400 
91.90 
1.04
 
0.\b5
 
0 
0 
10.83
 
\b.81
 
11.23
 
8.1
 
0 
0 
0 
0 
138.63
 
138.63
 	
11  Kannoor 
200.640  90.77  200.640  90.77 
3.45
 
1.56
 
3.45
 
1.56
 
10.84
 
4.9
 
10.84
 
4.9
 
6.12
 
2.\b\b
 
6.12
 
2.77 
221.0\b
 
221.0\b
 	
12 
Kasaragod 
214.080 
100.00 
214.080 
100.00 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
214.08
 
214.08
 	
   Total 
 
1939.\b05  94.65  1941.415  94.\b3 
21.88
 
1.07
 
1\b.72
 
0.\b6
 
64.75
 
3.16
 
65.08
 
3.18
 
23.0\b
 
1.13
 
23.21
 
1.13 
2049.
43
 
2049.
43

13 
 	
 
 
 
 
 	
83.94 93.40
99.86
99.32
98.2694.13 94.22
86.8192.84
91.44
90.77100.00
7\b.00 80.00 8\b.00 90.00
9\b.00
100.00
10\b.00	
Percentage of area before sc work	
Percentage of area cultivated over total area before 
SC work	
87.8793.40 99.86
99.\b098.26
94.13 94.62
86.72 92.32
91.90
90.77100.00
80.00 8\b.00
90.00 9\b.00
100.00 10\b.00	
Percentage of area after sc work	
Percentage of area cultivated over total area 
after SC work

14 
 	
 
 
 	
4.10.02 0 0.36
0.02 2.12
0.42.\b6
2.87
0.7\b 1.\b6
0
0
0.\b
1
1.\b 2
2.\b 3
3.\b 4
4.\b	
Percentage of area before sc work	
Percentage of current fallow over total area before SC work	
0.17
0.02 00.18
0.02 2.12
02.6\b
3.37
01.\b6
0
0
0.\b 1
1.\b 2
2.\b 3
3.\b
4	Percentage of area after SC work	
Percentage of current fallow over total area before SC work

15 
 	
 
Table 3(A)-Land Use Particulars (Control Plots) 
 
Sl. 
No.	 	
  	
District Name 
  	
Area  	
Cultivated 	
Current  
Fallow 	
Other  Use 	Area Not 
Cultivated 	
Total	 	
Area	 	% 	Area	 	% 	Area	 	% 	Area	 	% 	Area	 	
1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	8 	9 	10 	11 	
1 	Thiruvananthapura
m 	8.060	 	81.2\b	 	0.210	 	2.12	 	0.930	 	9.37	 	0.720	 	7.26	 	9.920	 	
2 	Kollam	 	8.9\b0	 	90.04	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	0.990	 	9.96	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	9.940	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	7.820	 	8\b.00	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	1.380	 	1\b.00	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	9.200	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	8.060	 	99.38	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	0.0\b0	 	0.62	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	8.110	 	
5 	Kottayam 	\b4.980	 	9\b.70	 	0.240	 	0.42	 	2.230	 	3.88	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	\b7.4\b	 	
6 	Eranakulam 	12.280	 	94.24	 	0.100	 	0.77	 	0.6\b0	 	4.99	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	13.03	 	
7 	Thrissur 	39.770	 	96.62	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	0.990	 	2.41	 	0.400	 	0.97	 	41.16	 	
8 	Palakkad 	27.610	 	89.\b8	 	1.\b80	 	\b.13	 	1.630	 	\b.29	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	30.82	 	
9 	Malappuram	 	44.990	 	97.40	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	0.200	 	0.43	 	1.000	 	2.16	 	46.19	 	
10 	Kozhikkode	 	18.610	 	87.33	 	0.\b00	 	2.3\b	 	2.200	 	10.32	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	21.31	 	
11 	Kannu	r 	36.280	 	9\b.62	 	0.0\b0	 	0.13	 	1.460	 	3.8\b	 	0.1\b0	 	0.40	 	37.94	 	
12 	Kasaragod	 	18.620	 	100.0	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	18.62	 	
Total 	286.03 	94.18	 	2.680	 	0.88	 	12.\b1	 	4.19	 	2.2\b	 	0.\b5	 	303.69

16 
 	
 
 
 
 
Crop Pattern  
 
In  order  to  reduce  the  soil  loss  an  appropriate  cropping  pattern  is  essential.    The 
selection  of  suitable  vegetation  that  form  good  canopy  can  reduce  erosion  since  soil 
loss is governed by the extent  of exposed land surface.  The binding force of the roots 
also  offers  good  resistance  to  erosion.    Grass  roots  have  excellent  soil  binding 
property.  Legumes are also good soil binders.  The grasses, legumes and tree crops are 	
81.2\b 90.04
8\b99.38
9\b.794.24
96.6289.\b8
97.487.339\b.62
100
0
20 40
60 80
100
120	
Percentage	
Percentage of area Cultivated over total area in 
control plots
2.1200
00.42
0.77
0\b.13
02.3\b
0.130
0 1
2 3 4
\b 6	
Percentage	
Percentage of current fallow over total area in 
Control plots

17 
 	
classified as erosion preventing or soil conserving crops while cereals, tapioca, ginger, 
etc. are erosion permitting/erosion favoring crops. 
 	 
Depending  upon  the  capability  class  to  which  a  land  belongs  and  the  socio-
economic  needs  of  the  people,  the  appropriate  crops  can  be  selected  to  achieve 
maximum conservation of soil and water. 	
Contour Farming 	
Contour  farming  refers  to  village  practices  of  applying  all  treatments  along 
contour;  i.e.  across  the  direction  of  the  slope.    The  crops  are  cultivated  along  contour 
ridges  and  furrows.  In  regions  of  low  rainfall  contour  farming  helps  in  the 
conservation  of  rainwater  and  in  human  areas  it  reduces  soil  loss  and  increases 
recharge  of  aquifers.    This  practice  can  minimize  the  effects  of  flash  floods  and 
droughts. 
   
Mixed  farming,  intercropping,  mixed  cropping;  multi-storage  cropping,  etc.  are 
also beneficial in controlling soil erosion. 
   
The  growing  of  perennial  horticultural  crops,  including  plantation  crops  will 
give  a  permanent  protective  cover  for  the  soil.  In  high  rainfall  areas  of  the  humid 
tropics  this  higher  level  tree  cover  for  the  soil  helps  in  reducing  the  erosive  action  of 
highly intensive rainfall. 	
 	Consequent  in  the  introduction  of  the  soil  conservation  programmes  significant 
changes  in  the  cropping  pattern  occurred  which  favours  perennial  crops.    In  Table-  4 
the  area  under  perennial  crops  has  increased  from  1606.57  acres  to  1617.96  acres.    It 
showed an increase of 0.71%.  At the same time the percentage change occurred in the 
cultivation  of  seasonal  crops  recorded  as  5.01  %.    From  this  we  can  arrive  at  the 
conclusion  that  the  farmers  have  shown  a  tendency  to  cultivate  perennial  crops  in

18 
 	
sloppy  regions  where  the  soil  conservation  measures  are  carried  out.    The  cultivation 
of seasonal crops in such regions is likely to increase soil erosion. 
Table  No.  5  reveals  that  after  the  introduction  of  soil  conservation  programmes,  the 
area  of  perennial  crops  like  Coconut,  Jack,  Mango  and  Coffee  shows  a  positive 
increase.  These  are  2.81%,  19.43%,  24.16%  and  4.17%  respectively.  While  the 
variation of area under Arecanut, Nutmeg, Cashew, Pepper and Rubber have decreased 
to  3.28%,12.09%,14.73%,0.19%  and  0.03%  respectively  after  the  soil  conservation 
programme.. 
In  seasonal  crops,  the  cultivation  of  Plantain,  Banana,  Tapioca,  Cheera,  Yam, 
Elephant  foot  yam  and  Colocasia  exhibited  comparative  increase.    The  respective 
percentage  changes  recorded  as  43.32%,  9.02%,  and  29.88%,  144.44%,  71.43%, 
19.05% and 70.59% respectively. 
Ongoing  through  the  district  wise  data,  it  is  noted  that  the  cropping  area  under 
different crops are interchanged according to the suitability of land.

19 
 	
 	
Table 4 – Crop Pattern (Area Wise) 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
  
  
Perennial crops 
Seasonal Crops 
Total Gross  area cropped 	
Sl.No 
District Name 
Before Sc work 
% 
After Sc work 
% 
Before Sc work 
% 
After Sc work 
% 
Before Sc work 
% 
After Sc work 
% 	
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 	
1 
Thiruvananthapuram 
19.798 
\b9.\b0 
62.848 
81.23 
13.47\b 
40.\b0 
14.\b26 
18.77 
33.273 
100.00 
77.374 
100.00 	
2 
Kollam 
88.128 
97.43 
94.466 
97.36 
2.32\b 
2.\b7 
2.\b62 
2.64 
90.4\b3 
100.00 
97.028 
100.00 	
3 
Pathanamthitta 
61.702 
99.91 
41.749 
99.82 
0.0\b\b 
0.09 
0.077 
0.18 
61.7\b7 
100.00 
41.826 
100.00 	
4 
Alappuzha 
7.426 
2.94 
8.449 
3.31 
24\b.\b44 
97.06 
246.872 
96.69 
2\b2.970 
100.00 
2\b\b.321 
100.00 	
5 
Kottayam 
307.\b72 
94.90 
313.2\b7 
92.66 
16.\b41 
\b.10 
24.809 
7.34 
324.113 
100.00 
338.066 
100.00 	
6 
Eranakulam 
46.738 
\b8.79 
4\b.798 
\b7.96 
32.763 
41.21 
33.21\b 
42.04 
79.\b01 
100.00 
79.013 
100.00 	
7 
Thrissur 
209.0\b7 
99.02 
179.\b88 
97.68 
2.073 
0.98 
4.266 
2.32 
211.130 
100.00 
183.8\b4 
100.00 	
8 
Palakkad 
160.147 
98.17 
1\b3.001 
96.9\b 
2.982 
1.83 
4.810 
3.0\b 
163.129 
100.00 
1\b7.811 
100.00 	
9 
Malappuram 
204.831 
9\b.2\b 
211.916 
9\b.11 
10.212 
4.7\b 
10.901 
4.89 
21\b.043 
100.00 
222.817 
100.00 	
10 
Kozhikkode 
107.986 
98.20 
109.17\b 
97.\b4 
1.979 
1.80 
2.7\b\b 
2.46 
109.96\b 
100.00 
111.930 
100.00 	
11 
Kannoor 
186.110 
98.32 
184.0\b2 
98.30 
3.184 
1.68 
3.184 
1.70 
189.294 
100.00 
187.236 
100.00 	
12 
Kasaragod 
207.076 
9\b.21 
213.662 
9\b.24 
10.416 
4.79 
10.681 
4.76 
217.492 
100.00 
224.343 
100.00 	
Total 
1606.5\b1  
82.4\b 
161\b.96 
81.85 
341.549 
1\b.53 
358.658 
18.15 
1948.12 
100.00 
19\b6.619 
100

20 
 	
 	
\b9.\b
97.4399.91
2.94 94.9
\b8.79 99.02
98.17
9\b.2\b 98.2
98.32
9\b.21
81.23
97.3699.82
3.31 92.66
\b7.96
97.68
96.9\b
9\b.11 97.\b4
98.3
9\b.24	
0
20 40
60
80
100
120	
Area -Percentage	
Percentage Area of Perinnial Crops Before and After SC Work	
Area-percentage Before SC Work	Area percentage After SC Work

21 
 	
   	
40.\b
2.\b7
0.09 97.06
\b.1 41.21
0.98 1.83 4.7\b
1.8
1.68 4.79 18.77
2.64
0.18 96.69
7.34
42.04
2.32 3.0\b 4.89
2.46
1.7 4.76	
0
20 40
60 80
100 120	
Percentage of Area of Seasonal Crops Before and After SC Work	
Area Before SC Work	Area After SC Work

22 
 	
 
Table 5 – Area Under Selected Perennial Crops 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
Sl No  District  Arecanut 
Coconut Nutmeg 	
Before 	SC 	
After 	SC 	
%Increase
 
Before 	SC 	
After 	SC 	
%Increase
 
Before 	SC 	
After 	SC 	
%Increase
 	
Work  Work Work  Work  Work  Work 	
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 	
1 Thiruvananthapuram 
0.072
 
0.072
 
0.00
 
10.191
 
\b2.89\b
 
419.04
 
0.0
 
0 .0 
0.0
 	
2 
Kollam 
0.034
 
1.034
 
2941.18
 
10.411
 
12.388
 
18.99
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
3 
Pathanamthitta
 
0.12
 
0.114
 
-3.39
 
\b.072
 
2.138
 
-\b7.8\b
 
0.02
 
0.016
 
0.00
 	
4 
Alappuzha 
0.01
 
0.014
 
0.00
 
7.097
 
7.190
 
1.31
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
5 
Kottayam
 
0.020
 
0.020
 
0.00
 
40.327
 
4\b.\b13
 
12.86
 
1.920
 
2.\b46
 
32.60
 	
6 
Eranakulam
 
0.638
 
0.619
 
-2.98
 
9.887
 
9.81\b
 
-0.73
 
1.47\b
 
1.47\b
 
0.00
 	
7 Thrissur 
3.1\b3
 
3.\b23
 
11.73
 
96.621
 
6\b.993
 
-31.70
 
0.\b68
 
0.741
 
30.46
 	
8 
Palakkad
 
3.904
 
3.\b73
 
-8.48
 
\b2.317
 
\b1.621
 
-1.33
 
3.000
 
0.0\b8
 
-98.07
 	
9 
Malappuram 
12.660
 
12.868
 
1.64
 
98.327
 
97.\b33
 
-0.81
 
1.423
 
1.\b88
 
11.60
 	
10 
Kozhikkode 
7.\b99
 
4.293
 
-43.\b1
 
80.\b16
 
80.471
 
-0.06
 
1.27\b
 
1.968
 
\b4.3\b
 	
11 
Kannoor
 
3.273
 
2.826
 
-13.66
 
21.019
 
21.018
 
0.00
 
0.948
 
0.948
 
0.00
 	
12 
Kasaragod 
18.032
 
18.93\b
 
\b.01
 
94.419
 
94.393
 
-0.03
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
Total 
49.51\b
 
4\b.891
 
-3.28
 
526.204
 
540.968
 
2.81
 
10.625
 
9.340  -12.09

23 
 	
 
 	 	 	
Table 5 –Contd......... 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
Sl No  District  Cashew 
Pepper(Garbled) Rubber 	
Before 	SC 	
After 	SC 	
%Increase
 
Before 	SC 	
After 	SC 	
%Increase
 
Before 	SC 	
After 	SC 	
%Increase
 	
Work  Work Work  Work  Work  Work 	
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 	
1 Thiruvananthapuram
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.379
 
0.379
 
0.00
 
9.026
 
9.372
 
3.83
 	
2 
Kollam 
0.099
 
0.099
 
0.00
 
0.137
 
0.137
 
0.00
 
74.0\b\b
 
74.238
 
0.2\b
 	
3 Pathanamthitta 
0.043
 
0.043
 
0.00
 
0.\b30
 
0.\b27
 
-0.\b7
 
\b4.88\b
 
37.983
 
-30.80
 	
4 
Alappuzha 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.00\b
 
0.00\b
 
0.00
 	
5 
Kottayam
 
0.022
 
0.238
 
981.82
 
\b.68\b
 
6.073
 
6.82
 
2\b3.264
 
2\b1.293
 
-0.78
 	
6 
Eranakulam
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
34.216
 
33.367
 
-2.48
 	
7 
Trissur 
0.011
 
0.011
 
0.00
 
0.8\b4
 
1.037
 
21.43
 
107.8\b0
 
108.283
 
0.40
 	
8 
Palakkad 
1.088
 
0.140
 
-87.13
 
2.289
 
0.\b96
 
-73.96
 
96.\b\b9
 
96.003
 
-0.\b8
 	
9 Malappuram 
0.798
 
0.\b39
 
-32.46
 
\b.086
 
\b.718
 
12.43
 
78.907
 
83.980
 
6.43
 	
10 
Kozhikkode
 
0.033
 
0.066
 
100.00
 
1.143
 
1.448
 
26.68
 
9.771
 
10.706
 
9.\b7
 	
11 
Kannoor 
\b6.392
 
47.\b94
 
-1\b.60
 
3.131
 
3.16\b
 
1.09
 
94.022
 
101.6\b7
 
8.12
 	
12 
Kasaragod
 
6.662
 
6.824
 
2.43
 
2.967
 
3.078
 
3.74
 
83.096
 
88.\b32
 
6.\b4
 	
Total 
65.148  55.554  -14.73 
22.201
 
22.158
 
-0.19
 
895.656
 
895.42
 
-0.03

24 
 	
 	
Table 5 Contd......... 	
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
Sl No. 	
 	
District 	
Jack 
Mango 
Coffee 
Others 	
Before SC 	Work 	
After SC 	Work 
%Increase
 
Before SC 	Work 	
After SC 	Work 
%Increase
 
Before SC 	Work 	
After SC 	Work 
%Increase
 
Before SC 	Work 	
After SC 	Work 
%Increase
 	
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
9 
10 
11 	
1 
Thiruvananthapuram
 
0.130 
0.130 
0.00 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.000 
0.000 
0.00 	
2 
Kollam 
2.446 
\b.620 
129.76 
0.946 
0.9\b0 
0.42 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.000 
0.000 
0.00 	
3 
Pathanamthitta 
0.980 
0.880 
-10.20 
0.010 
0.010 
0.00 
0.023 
0.023 
0.00 
0.02\b 
0.01\b 
-40.00 	
4 
Alapuzha 
0.210 
0.220 
4.76 
0.100 
1.020 
920.00 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.000 
0.000 
0.00 	
5 
Kottayam 
6.020 
7.260 
20.60 
0.030 
0.030 
0.00 
0.042 
0.042 
0.00 
0.242 
0.242 
0.00 	
6 
Eranakulam 
0.120 
0.120 
0.00 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.402 
0.402 
0.00 	
7 
Thrissur 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.000 
0.000 
0.00 	
8 
Palakkad 
0.4\b0 
0.470 
4.44 
0.\b40 
0.\b40 
0.00 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.000 
0.000 
0.00 	
9 
Malappuram 
4.960 
6.160 
24.19 
2.670 
3.\b30 
32.21 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.000 
0.000 
0.00 	
10 
Kozhikode 
2.770 
2.\b40 
-8.30 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.007 
0.010 
42.86 
4.872 
7.673 
\b7.49 	
11 
Kannoor 
3.760 
3.060 
-18.62 
2.972 
2.944 
-0.94 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.\b93 
0.840 
41.6\b 	
12 
Kasaragod 
1.900 
1.900 
0.00 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.000 
0.000 
0.00 	
Total 
23.\b46
 
28.360 
19.43 
\b.268 
9.024 
24.16 
0.0\b2 
0.0\b5 
4.1\b 
6.134 
9.172 
49.53

25 
 	
 	
Table 5   contd......... 	
Sl 
No. 
 	
District 	
Total 	
Before SC 
Work 	
After SC 
Work 	
%Increa	
se 	
1 	2 	3 	4 	 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram 	19.798	 	62.848	 	217.4\b	 	
2 	Kollam 	88.128	 	94.466	 	7.19	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta 	61.702	 	41.749	 	-32.34	 	
4 	Alappuzha 	7.426	 	8.449	 	13.78	 	
5 	Kottayam 	307.\b72	 	313.2\b7	 	1.8\b	 	
6 	Eranakulam 	46.738	 	4\b.798	 	--2.01	 	
7 	Thrissur 	209.0\b7	 	179.\b88	 	14.10	 	
8 	Palakkad 	160.147	 	1\b3.001	 	4.46	 	
9 	Malappuram 	204.831	 	211.916	 	3.46	 	
10 	Kozhikkode 	107.986	 	109.17\b	 	1.10	 	
11 	Kannoor 	186.110	 	184.0\b2	 	-1.11	 	
12 	Kasaragod 	207.076	 	213.662	 	3.18	 	
Total 	1606.5\b1	 	161\b.96	 	0.\b1

26 
 	
Table 6 - Area Under Selected Seasonal Crops 	
Sl.No 
District 
Plantain 
Banana 
Pineapple 	
Before 	SC 	Work 	
After 	SC 	Work 	
% of
 	
Increase
 	
Before 	SC 	Work 	
After 	SC 	Work 	
% of
 	
Increase
 	
Before 	SC 	Work 	
After SC
 	
Work 	
% of
 	
Increase
 	
1 
Thiruvananthapuram 
4.031
 
4.64\b
 
1\b.23
 
3.874
 
3.991
 
3.02
 
0.020
 
0.020
 
0.00
 	
2 
Kollam
 
0.668
 
0.802
 
20.06
 
0.629
 
0.662
 
\b.2\b
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
3 
Pathanamthitta 
0.03\b
 
0.0\b7
 
62.86
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
4 
Alappuzha
 
0.131
 
0.213
 
62.60
 
3.173
 
0.299
 
-90.\b8
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
5 
Kottayam 
0.80
 
4.20
 
424.\b9
 
14.34
 
17.13
 
19.46
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
6 
Eranakulam 
0.\b7\b
 
0.600
 
4.3\b
 
4.888
 
\b.31\b
 
8.74
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
7 
Trissur
 
2.073
 
3.466
 
67.20
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
8 
Palakkad 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
2.722
 
4.\b00
 
6\b.32
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
9 
Malappuram 
1.6\b8
 
2.218
 
33.78
 
1.4\b3
 
1.\b62
 
7.\b0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
10
 
Kozhikkode
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
1.068
 
1.\b73
 
47.28
 
0.010
 
0.010
 
0.00
 	
11 
Kannur 
2.03\b
 
2.03\b
 
0.00
 
0.\b81
 
0.\b81
 
0.00
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
12 
Kasaragod 
2.488
 
2.\b36
 
1.93
 
1.641
 
1.8\b6
 
13.10
 
0.2\b9
 
0.261
 
0.77
 	
Total 
14.50
 
20.\b\b
 
43.32
 
34.3\b
 
3\b.4\b
 
9.02
 
0.289
 
0.291 
0.69

27 
 	
Table 6contd  
 	
 
Table 6 
–Contd......
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
SL.NO
 
District 
Tapioca 
Cheera 
Paddy 	
Before 	SC 	Work 	
After 	SC 	Work 	
% of 	Increase 	
Before 	SC 	Work 	
After 	SC 	Work 	
% of 	Increase 	
Before 	SC 	Work 	
After 	SC 	Work 	
% of 	Increase 	
1 
Thiruvananthapuram
 
\b.\b30
 
\b.820
 
\b.24
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
2 
Kollam 
0.768
 
0.838
 
9.11
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
3 
Pathanamthitta 
0.020
 
0.020
 
0.00
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
4 
Alappuzha 
1.310
 
2.\b40
 
93.89
 
0.080
 
0.200
 
1\b0.00
 
240.\b\b0
 
242.960
 
1.00
 	
5 
Kottayam
 
1.398
 
3.474
 
148.\b
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
6 
Eranakulam 
2.2\b0
 
2.2\b0
 
0.00
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
24.800
 
24.800
 
0.00
 	
7 
Thrissur 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.000
 
0.800
 
0 	
8 
Palakkad
 
0.000
 
0.0\b0
 
0 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
9 
Malappuram 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.010
 
0.020
 
100.00
 
2.000
 
2.000
 
0.00
 	
10 
Kozhikkode 
0.900
 
1.170
 
30.00
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
11
 
Kannoor
 
0.\b68
 
0.\b68
 
0.00
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
12 
Kasaragod 
0.\b98
 
0.\b98
 
0.00
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
\b.430
 
\b.430
 
0.00
 	
Total 
13.342
 
1\b.33
 
29.88
 
0.090
 
0.220
 
144.44
 
2\b2.\b8
 
275.99 
1.18

28 
 	
Table 6contd  	
 
 
Ginger 
Yar
m 
Elepha
nt foot
 Yarm
 	
 
 
Before 	SC 	Work 	
After 	SC 	Work 	
% of 	Increase 	
Before 	SC 	Work 	
After 	SC 	Work 	
% of 	Increase 	
Before 	SC 	Work 	
After 	SC 	Work 	
% of 	Increase 	
1 
Thiruvananthapuram
 
0.000
 
0.030
 
0 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
2 
Kollam
 
0.090
 
0.090
 
0.00
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.04\b
 
0.04\b
 
0.00
 	
3 
Pathanamthitta 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
4 
Alappuzha 
0.000
 
0.020
 
0 
0.070
 
0.120
 
71.43
 
0.020
 
0.080
 
300.00
 	
5 
Kottayam 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
6 
Eranakulam 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
7 
Trissur 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
8 
Palakkad 
0.010
 
0.010
 
0.00
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.2\b0
 
0.2\b0
 
0.00
 	
9 
Malappuram 
3.020
 
3.030
 
0.33
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
10 
Kozhikkode 
0.001
 
0.002
 
100.00
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
11 
kannur 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
12
 
Kasaragod
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
TOTAL 
3.121
 
3.182
 
1.95
 
0.0\b0
 
0.120
 
\b1.43
 
0.315
 
0.375 
19.05

29 
 	
 
 	
Table 6 
– Contd.........
 	
SL NO
 	
 	 	
District
 
Colacasia
 
Turmeric
 
Poovan
 	
Before 	SC 	Work 	
After 	SC 	Work 	
% of 	Increase 	
Before 	SC 	Work 	
After 	SC 	Work 	
% of 	Increase
 	
Before SC 	Work 	
After 	SC 	Work 	
% of 	Increase 	
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 	
1 
Thiruvananthapuram
 
0.020
 
0.020
 
0.00
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
2 
Kollam 
0.07\b
 
0.07\b
 
0.00
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0\b0
 
0.0\b0
 
0.00
 	
3 
Pathanamthitta 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
4 
Alappuzha 
0.160
 
0.340
 
112.\b0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
5 
Kottayam 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
6 
Eranakulam 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
7 
Trissur 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
8 
Palakkad
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
9 
Malappuram
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.021
 
0.021
 
0.00
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
10
 
Kozhikkode
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
11
 
kannur
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
12
 
Kasaragod
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 	
TOTAL 
0.255
 
0.435
 
\b0.59
 
0.021
 
0.021
 
0.00
 
0.050
 
0.050
 
0.00

30 
 	
 
Table 6 – Contd......... 
 	
SI. NO 	
 
 	
District 	
Others 	Total 	
Before 
SC 
Work 	
After 
SC 
Work 	
% of 
Increase 	
Before 
SC 
Work 	
After 
SC 
Work 	
% of 
Increase	 	
1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	8 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	0.000	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	13.47\b	 	14.\b26	 	7.8,	 	
2 	Kollam 	0.000	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	2.32\b	 	2.\b62	 	10.19	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta 	0.000	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	0.0\b\b	 	0.077	 	40	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	0.010	 	0.010	 	0.00	 	24\b.\b44	 	246.872	 	0.\b4	 	
5 	Kottayam 	0.000	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	16.\b41	 	24.81	 	49.98	 	
6 	Eranakulam 	0.000	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	32.763	 	33.21\b	 	1.38	 	
7 	Trissur	 	0.000	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	2.073	 	4.266	 	10\b.79	 	
8 	Palakkad 	0.000	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	2.982	 	4.810	 	61.30	 	
9 	Malappuram 	0.000	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	10.212	 	10.901	 	6.7\b	 	
10	 	Kozhikkode	 	0.000	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	1.979	 	2.7\b\b	 	39.21	 	
11 	Kannur 	0.000	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	3.184	 	3.184	 	0 	
12 	Kasaragod 	0.000	 	0.000	 	0.00	 	10.416	 	10.681	 	2.\b4	 	
TOTAL 	0.010	 	0.010	 	0.00	 	339.209	 	356.2\b	 	5.03	 	
 
 
Impact of Soil Conservation Treatment on the Yield of Crops 
 
 	For studying the impact of soil conservation treatment on the yield of crops, a detailed survey 
was conducted following the “Before” and “After” method.  Details regarding the yield and value of 
crops  are  collected  from  the  beneficiaries  in  the  scheme  area.   District  wise  details  are  presented  in 
table  No. 7 and 8 Survey results  reveals that in most cases, the crop yields after the implementation 
of  the  programme  were  higher  than  that  of  before.    Therefore,  the  total  output  from  crops 
represented  a  big  increase.    As  much  as  major  portion  of  this  output  came  from  perennial  crops 
indicating  improved  stability  in  output.    Almost  all  perennial  crops  have  also  shown  a  marked 
improvement.    In  Thiruvananthapuram  total  gross  cropped  area  is  more  increased.  In  this  district 
total  cropped  area  before  soil  conservation  work  was  33.27acres.It  is  increased  to  77.37  acres  after 
the implementation of soil conservation measures.  The increase in area is accounted as 44.10 acres.

31 
 	
The  percentage  of  increase  recorded  as  132.54.    When  we  analyse  the  yield  of  perennial  crops  in 
Thiruvananthapuram  district,  it  can  be  seen  that  production  of  Coconut,  Arecanut  and  Rubber  are 
increased.    In  the  case  of  Seasonal  crops,  in  this  district  it  can  be  seen  that  the  yield  of  tapioca, 
plantain, banana etc. are increased. 
     In  Kottayam,  Malappuram,  Kasargode  and  Koll  am  districts  before  soil  conservation 
work  the  area  were  324.11acre,  215.04,  217.49,  and  90.45  respectively.  It  is  increased  338.07, 
222.82,  224.34  and  97.03  respectively  after  the  implementation  of  soil  conservation  work.  Increase 
in area accounted as 13.95, 7.77, 6.85 and 6.57 respectively. 
   While  in  Pathanamthitta,  Thrissur  and  Kannur  total  gross  cropped  area  is  decreased 
after  soil  conservation  works.  The  percentage  of  decrease  recorded  as  19.93%,  27.28%  and  2.06% 
respectively.  Productions  of  all  seasonal  crops  and  perennial  crops  are  increased,  except  Ginger 
(green) after soil conservation works.

32 
 	
Table 7 	
Crop wise Yield and Value of Perennial Crops in Scheme Area 	
District 
Name of Crop 
Unit 
Before SC Work 
After SC Work 
Value at 	
constant price 	
% Change 	
Over 	Quantity 
Quantity
 
Value
 
Quantity
 
Value
 	
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
 	
Thiruvananthapuram 
Pepper(dry)  Quintal
 
0.210  2731.42 0.240  13838.\b0  3121.62  14.286 	
Pepper( green ) 
Quintal
 
2.\b4\b 
8911.04 
3.09\b 
\b6096.88 
10836.80 
21.611 	
Rubber (Garbled)  Quintal 
174.3\b0  224911\b.00  183.000  1948346.13  2360700.00  4.961 	Coconut(with husk)
 
Nos.
 
11960.000
 
\b4418.00
 
122\b0.000
 
17\b\b42.\b0
 
\b\b737.\b0
 
2.42\b
 	
Coconut(without husk)  Nos.
 
1\b970.000
 
68671.00
 
1681\b.000
 
233392.20
 
72304.\b0
 
\b.291
 	
Arecnut 
Nos. 
3920.000
 
2116.80
 
4000.000
 
7480.00
 
2160.00
 
2.041
 	
Jack Quintal 
1\b.700  4710.00  16.100  2108.7\b  4830.00  2.\b48 	Total 
 
 
23906\b3.26 
 
2436804.96 
2509690.43 
 	
Kollam 
Pepper(Garbled)  Quintal 
0.37\b  \b0\b6.76  0.47\b  27188.08  640\b.24  26.667 	Rubber (Garbled) 
Quintal 
\b89.4\b0 
7\b7013\b.40 
822.6\b0 
9391117.\b2 
10\b6\b0\b\b.38 
39.\b62 	
Coconut(with husk)  Quintal 
17812.000  10366\b.84  21876.000  4\b19\b8.16  127318.32  22.816 	Coconut(without husk) 
Quintal 
22\b.000 
1264.\b0 
282.000 
\b899.44 
1\b84.84 
2\b.333 	
Arecanut  Nos. 
1430.000  686.40  174\b.000  2896.70  837.60  22.028 	Jack 
Quintal 
138.8\b0 
31299.\b\b 
1\b7.3\b0 
130\b14.03 
3\b469.84 
13.324 	
Mango  Quintal 
14.2\b0
 
1944\b.23
 
19.8\b0
 
43087.03
 
27086.91
 
39.298
 	
Cashew 
Quintal 
0.610
 
2\b9\b.13
 
0.940
 
7399.88
 
3999.07
 
\b4.098
 	
Total   
 \b\b34148.81   10060060.84  10\b6\b\b5\b.2   	
Pathanamthitta 
Pepper(dry) 
Quintal
 
2.900 
38784.03 
10.360 
6\b7\b70.40 
138\b\b2.67 
2\b7.241 	
Rubber( Garbled)  Quintal
 
132.240  1736090.29  217.770  2\b74\b8\b.92  28\b89\b6.42  64.678 	
Coconut(with husk)
 
Nos.
 
216.870
 
1264.3\b
 
\b9\b.000
 
102\b1.8\b
 
3468.8\b
 
174.3\b8
 	
Coconut(without husk)  Nos. 
27\b.000
 
1669.2\b
 
784.000
 
14206.08
 
47\b8.88
 
18\b.091
 	
Arecanut 
Nos. 
360.000 
180.00 
9\b7.000 
1693.89 
478.\b0 
16\b.833 	
Total   
 1\b\b\b98\b.92   3258308.14  3006215.33

33 
 	
Table 7 contd 	
 
 	
Alappuzha 
Coconut(with husk)
 
Nos.
 
3926.000
 
244\b8.98
 
4693.000
 
72178.34
 
29237.39
 
19.\b36
 	
Coconut(without husk) 
Nos. 
1478\b.000 
100094.4\b 
1\b814.000 
24\b749.\b6 
107060.78 
6.960 	
Total   
 124553.43   31\b92\b.90  136298.1\b   	
Kottayam 
Pepper(dry) 
Quintal 
19.010 
2\b98\b8.71 
29.680 
18\b3\b88.12 
40\b713.13 
\b6.128 	
Rubber( Garbled)  Quintal 
20\b3.82  26008200.4\b  2319.230  28046262.8\b  29369174.84  -69.47\b 	Coconut(with husk)
 
Nos.
 
10961.000
 
\b8641.3\b
 
17607.000
 
281712.00
 
94197.4\b
 
60.633
 	
Coconut(without husk)  Nos. 
\b0927.000  304\b43.46  94306.\b00  1\b\b7943.38  \b639\b2.87  8\b.180 	Arecanut 
Nos. 
1460.000 
788.40 
1720.000 
2889.60 
928.80 
17.808 	
Nutmeg  Quintal 
0.900  16072.20  4.800  124\b60.00  8\b718.40  433.333 	Coco(without husk) 
Quintal 
0.000 
0.00 
2.4\b0 
11280.22 
9279.38 
Infinity 	
Total
 
 
 
26648104.5\b
 
 
318\b8236.1\b
 
30528964.8
 
 	
Eranakulam 
Rubber(Rubber garbled) 
Quintal 
339.460 
4376630.62 
3\b7.6\b0 
4340680.03 
46111\b2.84 
\b.3\b9 	
coconut(With husk)  Number 9\b.000  \b02.\b\b  110.000  1763.3  \b81.90  1\b.789 	coconut(With out husk) 
Number 
38370.000 
2010\b8.80 
40890.000 
694721.10 
214263.60 
6.\b68 	
Arecanut Number 112430.000  \b7339.30  122\b00.000  1200\b0.00  6247\b.00  8.9\b7 	Jack
 
Quintal
 
\b.\b00
 
1881.00
 
7.100
 
3968.90
 
2428.20
 
29.091
 	
Nutmeg  Quintal 3.060  \b3822.34  3.280  87103.68  \b7691.92  7.190 	coco(without husk) 
Quintal 
9.980 
36399.2\b 
10.\b60 
48121.27 
38\b14.64 
\b.812 	
Total     4\b2\b633.86  5296408.28  498\b108.10   	
Thrissur
 	
 	 	 	 	 	
pepper(Pepper dry) 
Quintal 
1.340 
17710.33 
3.970 
238489.81 
\b2470.18 
196.269 	
Rubber(Rubber garbled)
 
Quintal
 
31\b.910
 
4119466.40
 
1086.080
 
12871\b\b7.6\b
 
14162483.20
 
243.794
 	
coconut(With husk)  
Number 
44724.000  
181132.20 
8\b032.000 
117\b142.24  
344379.60 
90.126 	
coconut(With out husk)   Number  912\b8.000 368682.32  1\b20\b\b.000  2128770.00  614302.20  66.621 	Arecanut  
Number 
60210.000  
3311\b.\b0 
139730.000  
278062.70 
768\b1.\b0 
132.071 	
Cashew  Quintal  0.040  166.60  0.040  287.64  166.60  0.000 	Nutmeg
 
Quintal
 
0.000
 
0.00
 
1.270
 
3\b071.0\b
 
22639.02
 
Infinity
 	
Total     4\b202\b3.35  16\b2\b381.09  152\b3292.30

34 
 	
Table 7 contd 	
 
 
 
 
 	Palakkad
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 	
pepper(Pepper dry)
 
Quintal
 
8.620
 
11\b7\b4.03
 
1.6\b0
 
100\b86.41
 
221\b7.09
 
-80.8\b8
 	
Rubber(Rubber garbled)  
Quintal 
947.840  
12376420.80  
961.9\b0 
11378666.1\b  
12\b60662.13 
1.489 	
coconut(With husk)   Number  2960\b7.000  1207912.\b6 300198.000  3944601.72  1224807.84  1.399 	coconut(With out husk)  
Number 
3980.000  
16238.40 
41\b0.000 
\b4\b31.00 
16932.00 
4.271 	
Arecanut   Number  406010.000  1\b8343.90 414372.000  \b30396.16  16160\b.08   2.060 	Mango
 
Quintal
 
0.\b00
 
620.00
 
1.000
 
1690.63
 
1240.00
 
100.000
 	
Total     
138\b5289.69   
160104\b2.0\b 1398\b404.14   	
Malappuram
 
pepper(Pepper dry) 
Quintal 
8.180 
109671.6\b 
9.331 
\b63223.07 
12\b103.42 
14.071 	
Rubber(Rubber garbled) 
Quintal 327.640 4076614.83  347.310  4209480.\b2  43213\b6.0\b  6.004 	coconut(With husk) 
Number 
9090.000 
33\b42.10 
10880.000 
123270.40 
40147.20 
19.692 	
coconut(With out husk)
 
Number
 
4\b6736.000
 
1\b7\b739.20
 
\b04669.000
 
\b722946.46
 
1741108.0\b
 
10.49\b
 	
Arecanut 
Number 
979070.000 
313302.40 
110\b290.000 
1\b03194.40 
3\b3692.80 
12.892 	
 
Cashew  Quintal 4.960 1938\b.31  4.030  29167.13  1\b7\b0.\b7  -18.7\b0 	Total 
 
 
6128255.49 
 
12151281.98 
659\b158.09 
 	
Kozhikkode 
pepper(Pepper dry)  Quintal 1.\b70 20879.94  1.820  106760.71  24204.74  1\b.924 	Rubber(Rubber garbled)
 
Quintal
 
60.400
 
776307.91
 
6\b.000
 
780767.6\b
 
83\b430.70
 
7.616
 	
coconut(With husk)  Number 44820.000  174798.00  408\b0.000  447716.00  1\b931\b.00  -8.8\b8 	coconut(With out husk) 
Number 
22\b\b30.000 
834461.00 
201060.000 
243081\b.40 
743922.00 
-10.8\b0 	
Arecanut  Number 393100.000  12\b792.00  227900.000  237016.00  72928.00  -42.02\b 	Nutmeg 
Quintal 
0.680 
12\b04.\b2 
1.4\b0 
37\b08.60 
26664.0\b 
113.23\b 	
coco(with husk)
 
Quintal
 
1.430
 
4882.36
 
2.\b00
 
1072\b.70
 
8\b3\b.60
 
74.82\b
 	
Total 
 
 
1949625.\b3 
 
4051310.06 
18\b1000.09

35 
  Table-7 Contd.......	
 
 	
 
 	Kannoor 
pepper(Pepper dry) 
Quintal 
14.790 
199172.07 
20.920 
1260471.84 
281722.74 
41.447 	
Rubber(Rubber garbled)  Quintal 421.9\b0 \b381913.18  609.300  703\b721.14  7771\b36.20  44.401 	coconut(With husk) 
Number 
\b6\b\b0.000 
171912.00 
679\b0.000 
784143.00 
206\b68.00 
20.1\b9 	
coconut(With out husk)  Number 287\b0.000  9027\b.00  363\b0.000  420933.00  114139.00  26.43\b 	
 
Arecanut
 
Number
 
414008.000
 
178023.44
 
447009.000
 
7\b\b44\b.21
 
192213.87
 
7.971
 	
Cashew  Quintal 1\b6.\b30 622676.34  170.8\b0  1316228.40  679641.30  9.148 	Total 
 
 
66439\b2.03 
 
115\b2942.59 
9245821.10 
 	
Kasaragod 
pepper(Pepper dry)  Quintal 69.1\b0 924449.16  97.310  \b883200.12  1300913.06  40.723 	Rubber(Rubber garbled) 
Quintal 
946.070 
11\b8\b412.43 
128\b.790 
1\b140177.2\b 
1\b74\b\b6\b.76 
3\b.909 	
coconut(With husk)
 
Number
 
3\b840.000
 
12866\b.60
 
4\b870.000
 
60\b484.00
 
164673.30
 
27.98\b
 	
coconut(With out husk) 
Number 
\b\b6078.000 
1996320.02 
689393.000 
9603244.49 
2474920.87 
23.974 	
Arecanut  Number 3439773.000  1\b8229\b.\b8  430\b341.000  61\b6637.63  19804\b6.86  2\b.164 	Cashew 
Quintal 
99.640 
4\b\b8\b3.00 
126.\b00 
1023068.76 
\b78737.\b0 
26.9\b7 	
Total     166\b2995.\b9  38411812.25  2224526\b.35

36 
 
 
 	
Table-7 Contd....... 	
  	
STATE 	
Name of Crop 	Unit 	
Before SC Work 	After SC Work 	
Value at 
constant 
price 	
% 	
Change 
Over 
Quantit	
y 	Quantity 	Value 	Quantity 	Value 	
1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	8 	9 	
KERALA 	
pepper(garbled) 	Quintal 	0.37\b 	\b0\b6.76 	0.47\b 	27188.08 	640\b.24 	26.667 	
pepper(Pepper dry) 	Quintal 	12\b.770 	1689011.34 	17\b.281 	10677728.98 	23\b39\b8.67 	39.366 	
pepper(Pepper 
green) 	
Quintal 	2.\b4\b 	8911.04 	3.09\b 	\b6096.88 	10836.80 	21.611 	
Rubber(Rubber 
garbled) 	
Quintal	 	6309.130	 	802\b6307.31	 	82\b\b.730	 	97717362.81	 	10\b162073.\b1	 	30.8\b4	 	
coconut(With husk) 	Number 	\b320\b1.870 	2140913.\b3 	607911 	8073763.\b1 	24\b0432.3\b 	14.2\b8 	
coconut(With out 
husk) 	
Number 	1482884.000 	\b\b\b9017.40 	17\b6\b68.\b00 	231131\b2.11 	6669249.\b9 	18.4\b6 	
Arecanut 	Number 	\b811771.000 	24\b1983.72 	6770\b64.000 	9\b9\b762.29 	2904628.01 	16.497 	
Jack 	Quintal 	160.0\b0 	37890.\b\b 	180.\b\b0 	136\b91.68 	42728.04 	12.808 	
Mango 	Quintal 	14.7\b0 	2006\b.23 	20.8\b0 	44777.66 	28326.91 	41.3\b6 	
Cashew 	Quintal 	261.780 	1100676.38 	302.360 	23761\b1.81 	127829\b.04 	1\b.\b02 	
Nutmeg 	Quintal 	4.640 	82399.06 	10.800 	284243.33 	192713.39 	132.7\b9 	
coco(with husk)	 	Quintal	 	1.430	 	4882.36	 	2.\b00	 	1072\b.70	 	8\b3\b.60	 	74.82\b	 	
 	coco(without husk)	 	Quintal	 	9.980	 	36399.2\b	 	13.010	 	\b9401.49	 	47794.02	 	30.361	 	
 	Total 	 	 	93393513.93 	 	1521\b12946.33 	1211559\b\b.1\b

37 
 	
Table 8 - Crop wise Yield and Value of Seasonal Crops in Scheme Area 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
District  Name of  
Crop 	Unit  Before SC Work  After SC Work Value at 
constant price  % of 
Change  Over 
Quantity 	
Quantity	 	Value	 	Quantity	 	Value	 	
1 	2 	3  4  5 6 7  8  9 	
Thiruvananthapuram 	
plantain	 	Quintal	 	380.360	 	406311.9\b	 	440.290	 	6973\b3.28	 	470330.99	 	1\b.7\b6	 	
banana	 	Quintal	 	200.800	 	4164\b1.17	 	218.000	 	769472.41	 	4\b2123.28	 	8.\b66	 	
tapiaco(Tapioca raw)	 	Quintal	 	826.940	 	4244\b1.78	 	926.\b\b0	 	8\b7\b40.\b6	 	47\b\b79.\b8	 	12.046	 	
Colocasia  Quintal  0.4\b0  112\b.00  0.\b00  17\b0  12\b0.00  11.111 	
Total 	  	  	1248339.90 	  	2326116.25 	1399283.85 	  	
Kollam 	plantain Quintal  38.7\b0  38822.88  47.200  89719.20  47288.74  21.806 
banana 	Quintal 	44.400 	94\b44.47 	\b2.200 	216173.26 	1111\b3.64 	17.\b68 	
tapiaco(Tapioca raw)  Quintal  22.000  11692.13  28.8\b0  3209\b.64  1\b332.62  31.136 
Elephant Foot yam 	Quintal 	1.3\b0 	1660.27 	1.900 	4480.78 	2336.68 	40.741 	
Colocasia  Quintal  1.02\b  4376.06  1.300  2840.7\b  \b\b\b0.12  26.829 
Poovan	 	Quintal	 	1.7\b0	 	4824.0\b	 	2.100	 	10394.26	 	\b788.86	 	20.000	 	
Total	 	 	 	155919.86	 	 	355\b03.89	 	18\b450.65	 	 	
Pathanamthitt	a 	
plantain	 	Quintal	 	0.320	 	48\b.76	 	1.020	 	1389.33	 	1\b48.36	 	218.7\b0	 	
tapiaco(Tapioca raw)  Quintal  0.180  11\b.\b\b  0.4\b0  \b98.31  288.86  1\b0.000 	
Total 	  	  	601.31 	 	198\b.64 	183\b.22 	 	
Alappuzha 	plantain Quintal  \b9.380  61339.\b4  34.000  \b4071.90  3\b122.00  -42.742 
banana	 	Quintal	 	30.810	 	710\b3.41	 	39.620	 	14\b823.78	 	91370.8\b	 	28.\b9\b	 	
tapiaco(Tapioca raw)	 	Quintal	 	134.630	 	111017.23	 	242.180	 	30\b330.8\b	 	199704.0\b	 	79.886	 	
cheera	 	Quintal	 	0.860	 	1\b9\b.30	 	2.\b40	 	11348.37	 	4711.70	 	19\b.349	 	
Paddy(Paddy High yeild)  Quintal  4611.820  \b7\b\b\b\b1.36  4780.760  8796\b98.40  \b966388.48  3.663 
Paddy(Paddy Local) 	Quintal 	1\b0.890 	1961\b7.00 	1\b1.640 	28\b\b88.17 	197132.00 	0.497 	
yam  Quintal  1.790  344\b.7\b  2.140  6211.09  4119.\b0  19.\b\b3 
Elephant Foot yam 	Quintal 	0.360 	637.20 	1.470 	3646.42 	2601.90 	308.333 	
Colocasia Quintal  1.690  \b119.01  3.980  13389.86  120\b\b.42  13\b.\b03 
Cowpea 	Quintal 	0.000 	0.00 	0.\b00 	2279.\b0 	1262.\b0 	Infinity 	
Ladies finger  Quintal  0.0\b0  6\b.00  0.060  144.00  78.00  20.000 	
 	Total 	  	  	6205980.80 	  	9624432.34 	6514546.40

38 
 	
Table 8contd	 	
Kottayam 	plantain	 	Quintal	 	9\b.950	 	9284\b.\b8	 	41.25	 	60500.14	 	39101.29	 	-5\b.89	 	
banana 	Quintal 	940.23 	200\b\b10.\b9 	1203.7\b 	4117824.12 	2\b67\b98.7\b 	28.03 	
tapiaco(Tapioca raw)  Quintal  421.400  278912.01  \b9\b.700  \b\b7038.78  39427\b.96  41.362 	
Total 	  	  	23\b\b2\b0.38 	  	4\b35363.04 	30009\b6.00 	  	
Eranakulam	  plantain 
Quintal  48.300  41827.80  \b4.300  7\b9\b2.13  47023.80  12.422 	
banana 	Quintal 	386.\b60 	729604.96 	42\b.200 	1366873.44 	802\b3\b.24 	9.996 	
tapiaco(Tapioca raw)  Quintal  192.080  97132.94  216.900  222472.18  109684.16  12.922 
Paddy(Paddy High yeild) 	Quintal 	71\b.600 	724902.80 	748.100 	1168\b32.20 	7\b782\b.30 	4.\b42 	
Paddy(Paddy Local)  Quintal  41.\b\b0  42838.0\b  43.1\b0  77670.00  44487.6\b  3.8\b1 
Cowpea 	Quintal 	3.800 	63\b9.4\b 	\b.\b\b0 	134\b8.7\b 	9288.1\b 	46.0\b3 	
Total       1642666.00   2924958.\b0  1\b\b0844.29    	
Thrissur 	plantain 	Quintal 	66.770 	48\b39.86 	166.2\b0 	212937.90 	1208\b8.76 	148.989 	
Paddy(Paddy High yeild)  Quintal  0.000  0.00  12.000  21822.24  12083.04  Infinity 	
Total 	  	  	48539.86 	  	234\b60.14 	132941.80 	  	
Palakkad 	banana	 	Quintal	 	34\b.300	 	619813.\b0	 	243.200	 	680\b\b3.86	 	436\b44.00	 	-29.\b68	 	
Total	 	  	  	619813.50	 	  	680553.86	 	436544.00	 	  	
Malappuram	 plantain Quintal  \b3.710  \b3226.61  72.230  102626.\b\b  71\b79.93  34.481 
banana 	Quintal 	77.100 	140431.49 	82.0\b0 	23\b198.78 	149447.\b1 	6.420 	
cheera  Quintal  2.400  1674.\b\b  2.9\b0  304\b.88  20\b8.30  22.917 
Paddy(Paddy Local) 	Quintal 	34.800 	33443.1\b 	39.6\b0 	62236.22 	38104.0\b 	13.937 	
Ginger(Ginger green)  Quintal  2.\b00  \b240.7\b  1.200  \b\b10.00  2\b1\b.\b6  -\b2.000 
Turmeric (Turmeric dry) 	Quintal 	0.2\b0 	47\b.00 	0.310 	2224.2\b 	\b89.00 	24.000 	
Total       234491.55    410841.68  264294.35    	
Kozhikkode 	banana 	Quintal 	36.980 	73624.98 	63.760 	202482.00 	126942.33 	72.418 	
tapiaco(Tapioca raw)  Quintal  118.000  8\b18\b.38  \b0.\b00  60196.\b2  364\b6.46  -\b7.203 	
Total 	  	  	158810.36 	  	2626\b8.52 	163398.\b9 	  	
Kannur 	plantain Quintal  70.100  8241\b.87  87.6\b0  176699.77  103049.23  2\b.036 
banana 	Quintal 	27.700 	\b4418.87 	32.6\b0 	104094.41 	64143.\b4 	17.870 	
tapiaco(Tapioca raw)  Quintal  28.400  19\b39.20  34.000  43444.\b2  23392.00  19.718 	
Total 	  	  	1563\b3.94 	  	324238.\b0 	190584.\b\b 	  	
Kasaragod 	plantain Quintal  1\b3.260  133463.47  213.360  401827.27  18\b800.29  39.214 
banana 	Quintal 	123.8\b0 	237637.22 	183.7\b0 	\b3\b\b\b4.07 	3\b2\b70.31 	48.36\b 	
pineapple  Quintal  27.8\b0  26979.74  38.370  84414.00  37170.94  37.774 
tapiaco(Tapioca raw) 	Quintal 	14.\b00 	10823.22 	19.000 	30\b3\b.66 	14182.17 	31.034 	
Paddy(Paddy High yeild)  Quintal  80.\b00  7330\b.72  88.\b00  137\b44.04  80\b90.76  9.938 	
Total 	  	  	482209.3\b 	  	11898\b5.04 	6\b0314.46

39 
 	
Table - 8 Contd... 	
District 	
Name of  
Crop 	Unit 	
Before SC Work 	After SC Work 	Value at 
constant 
price 	
% of 
Change 
Over 
Quantity 	Quantity  Value  Quantity  Value 	
1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	8 	9 	
STATE 	
Plantain  Quintal  968.90  9\b9281.\b2  11\b7.\b\b  1873077.47  1121703.38  19.47 
Banana 	Quintal 	2213.73 	4443090 	2\b44.18 	83740\b0.13 	\b1\b4429.4\b 	16.01 	
pineapple Quintal  27.8\b0  26979.74  38.370  84414.00  37170.94  37.774 
tapiaco(Tapioca 
raw) 	Quintal 	17\b8.130 	1038869.44 	2114.130 	21092\b3.02 	126889\b.86 	20.249 	
Cheera  Quintal  3.260  3269.8\b  \b.490  14394.2\b  6770.00  68.40\b 
Paddy(Paddy High 
yeild) 	Quintal 	\b407.920 	6\b\b37\b9.88 	\b629.360 	10124496.88 	6816887.\b8 	4.09\b 	
Paddy(Paddy Local)  Quintal  227.240  272438.20  234.440  42\b494.39  279723.70  3.168 
Ginger(Ginger 
green) 	Quintal 	2.\b00 	\b240.7\b 	1.200 	\b\b10.00 	2\b1\b.\b6 	-\b2.000 	
Yam Quintal  1.790  344\b.7\b  2.140  6211.09  4119.\b0  19.\b\b3 
Elephant Foot yam 	Quintal 	1.710 	2297.47 	3.370 	8127.20 	4938.\b8 	97.076 	
Colocasia Quintal  3.16\b  10620.07  \b.780  17980.61  188\b\b.\b4  82.622 
Cowpea 	Quintal 	3.800 	63\b9.4\b 	6.0\b0 	1\b738.2\b 	10\b\b0.6\b 	\b9.211 	
Ladies finger  Quintal  0.0\b0  6\b.00  0.060  144.00  78.00  20.000 
Turmeric (Turmeric 
dry) 	Quintal 	0.2\b0 	47\b.00 	0.310 	2224.2\b 	\b89.00 	24.000 	
Poovan  Quintal  1.7\b0  4824.0\b  2.100  10394.26  \b788.86  20.000 
Total 	  	 	13331016.83 	 	230\b1509.8 	14\b84034.55

40 
 	
Table – 9 	
Quantity and Value of Selected Perennial and Seasonal Crops for the year 2015-2016 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Name of Crops	 	Units	 	Before SC Work	 	After SC Work	 	Value at	 	% 
chang
e over 
quanti
ty 	
Quantity	 	Values(Rs)	 	Quantity	 	Values(Rs)	 	Constant Price	 	
1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	8 	9 	
A. Perennial 	
pepper(garbled) 	Quintal 	0.37\b 	\b0\b6.76 	0.47\b 	27188.08 	640\b.24 	26.667 	
pepper(Pepper 
dry) 	
Quintal	 	12\b.770	 	1689011.34	 	17\b.281	 	10677728.98	 	23\b39\b8.67	 	39.366	 	
pepper(Pepper 
green)	 	
Quintal 	2.\b4\b 	8911.04 	3.09\b 	\b6096.88 	10836.80 	21.611 	
Rubber(Rubber 
garbled) 	
Quintal 	6309.130 	802\b6307.31 	82\b\b.730 	97717362.81 	10\b162073.\b1 	30.8\b4 	
coconut(With 
husk) 	
Number 	\b320\b1.870 	2140913.\b3 	607911.00 	8073763.\b1 	24\b0432.3\b 	14.2\b8 	
Coconut 	(With out 	
husk) 	
Number	 	1482884.000	 	\b\b\b9017.40	 	17\b6\b68.\b00	 	231131\b2.11	 	6669249.\b9	 	18.4\b6	 	
Arecanut 	Number 	\b811771.000 	24\b1983.72 	6770\b64.000 	9\b9\b762.29 	2904628.01 	16.497 	
Jack	 	Quintal	 	160.0\b0	 	37890.\b\b	 	180.\b\b0	 	136\b91.68	 	42728.04	 	12.808	 	
Mango 	Quintal 	14.7\b0 	2006\b.23 	20.8\b0 	44777.66 	28326.91 	41.3\b6 	
Cashew 	Quintal 	261.780 	1100676.38 	302.360 	23761\b1.81 	127829\b.04 	1\b.\b02 	
Nutmeg 	Quintal 	4.640 	82399.06 	10.800 	284243.33 	192713.39 	132.7\b	
9 	
coco(with husk) 	Quintal 	1.430 	4882.36 	2.\b00 	1072\b.70 	8\b3\b.60 	74.82\b 	
 	coco(without husk) 	Quintal 	9.980 	36399.2\b 	13.010 	\b9401.49 	47794.02 	30.361 	
Total 	  	  	93393513.93 	  	1521\b2946.33 	1211559\b\b.1\b 	  	
B. Seasonal 	
Plantain	 	Quintal	 	968	.900	 	9\b9281.\b2	 	11\b7.\b\b	 	1873077.47	 	1121703.38	 	19.47	 	
Banana 	Quintal 	2213.73 	4443090.66 	2\b44.18 	83740\b0.13 	\b244\b48.70 	16.678 	
pineapple 	Quintal 	27.8\b0 	26979.74 	38.370 	84414.00 	37170.94 	37.774 	
tapiaco(Tapioca 
raw) 	
Quintal 	17\b8.130 	1038869.44 	2114.130 	21092\b3.02 	126889\b.86 	20.249 	
Cheera 	Quintal 	3.260 	3269.8\b 	\b.490 	14394.2\b 	6770.00 	68.40\b 	
Paddy(Paddy High 
yeild) 	
Quintal 	\b407.920 	6\b\b37\b9.88 	\b629.360 	10124496.88 	6816887.\b8 	4.09\b 	
Paddy(Paddy 
Local) 	
Quintal 	227.240 	272438.20 	234.440 	42\b494.39 	279723.70 	3.168 	
Ginger(Ginger 
green) 	
Quintal	 	2.\b00	 	\b240.7\b	 	1.200	 	\b\b10.00	 	2\b1\b.\b6	 	-	
\b2.000 	
Yam 	Quintal 	1.790 	344\b.7\b 	2.140 	6211.09 	4119.\b0 	19.\b\b3 	
Elephant Foot yam	 	Quintal	 	1.710	 	2297.47	 	3.370	 	8127.20	 	4938.\b8	 	97.076	 	
Colocasia 	Quintal 	3.16\b 	10620.07 	\b.780 	17980.61 	188\b\b.\b4 	82.622 	
Cowpea 	Quintal 	3.800 	63\b9.4\b 	6.0\b0 	1\b738.2\b 	10\b\b0.6\b 	\b9.211 	
Ladies finger 	Quintal 	0.0\b0 	6\b.00 	0.060 	144.00 	78.00 	20.000 	
Turmeric (Turmeric 
dry) 	
Quintal 	0.2\b0 	47\b.00 	0.310 	2224.2\b 	\b89.00 	24.000 	
Poovan 	Quintal 	1.7\b0 	4824.0\b 	2.100 	10394.26 	\b788.86 	20.000 	
Total 	  	  	13331016.83 	  	230\b1509.8 	14\b33016.58 	  	
All Crops	 	  	  	106\b24530.\b6	 	  	1\b5	244456.13	 	135888993.\b5

41 
 	
2.2. Cost Benefit Analysis of the Soil Conservation Programmes 
 	
An important objective of a project evaluation is to estimate various impacts of its 
operation such as  income, employment, demographic change, regional development and 
so on.  Hence an analysis to appraise the performance of operating investment projects is 
essential for improved planning process.  Degradation of land due to soil erosion leads to 
destruction  of  agricultural  land.    If  it  continues  over  a  period,  the  entire  soil  will  be  lost 
and  the  land  will  become  barren  and  unproductive.    In  the  case  of  sloppy  regions,  soil 
erosion depletes the fertility of the soil and production and degradation of the area under 
agriculture is to be assessed in terms of production and protection benefits accrued from 
these  areas.    These  benefits  are  to  be  compared  further  with  the  investments  to  arrive  at 
benefit cost ratio, which gives an indication of viability of the programme implemented. 
Productive  benefits  are  the  direct  returns  from  the  programmes  implemented.    In 
regular  agricultural  lands,  increase  in  the  yield  provides  the  productive  benefits.    In 
addition, production from degraded land, which are cultivated after the soil conservation 
measures are also taken into consideration. 
Protective benefits are the intangible benefits derived from implementation of soil 
conservation  programme.    These  benefits  are  more  stable  and  provide  base  for  the 
continued  prosperity  in  the  area.   In  the  case of  agricultural  land,  protective  benefits  are 
assessed  in  terms  of  these  increased  values  because  of  the  prevention  of  further  soil 
erosion and its increased productive potentialities. 
In  the  light  of  the  present  study  an  attempt  is  made  for  cost  benefit  analysis  with 
the  collected  data.    Total  cost  incurred  for  the  soil  conservation  works,  including 
maintenance work for the 43 schemes is Rs.80336402/-. 
The  total  area  under  cultivation  after  soil  conservation  work  was  1941.42  acres.  
The  value  of  crops  before  the  soil  conservation  programme  comes  to 
Rs.106724530.76.The  value  of  crops  after  the  implementation  of  soil  conservation 
programme  has  also  been  calculated  as    Rs.  175244456.13  /-  .It  is  estimated  that  the 
value at constant price as Rs 135888993.75 /- .

42 
 	
Several benefits flow from the soil conservation programme implementation,  three of 
them, which derive special attention s are taken up for consideration.   
They are: 
(i)  Extension of area under cultivation 
(ii)   Increase in productivity 
(iii)  Diversification of cropping pattern 
 	
(i) Extension of area under cultivation 
   
 	
The  study  revealed  that  1.76  acres  of  land  has  been  additionally  brought  under 
cultivation  by  cultivating  areas  which  were  not  cultivated  before  soil  conservation 
programme. This benefit is achieved only due to the implementation of soil conservation 
programme. 	
 
(ii) Increase in Production 
 	
Production  also  increased  due  to  the  implementation  of  soil  conservation 
programme.    In  the  case  of  perennial  crops  Nutmeg  132.76%,  Coco(with  husk)74.83%, 
Mango  41.36%,  Pepper  dry  39.37%,  Rubber(  garbled)  30.85%  Coco(without  husk,) 
30.36%, Pepper (garbled) 26.67%, Pepper (green) 21.6% . In the case of seasonal crops, 
percentage  increase  in  production  of  Elephant  Foot  Yam  is  97.08%,  Colocasia  82.62%, 
Cheera 68.41%, Cowpea 59.21%, Pineapple 37.77%, Plantain 19.47% and Banana 16.68 
% respectively.  	
 
(iii) Diversification of cropping pattern 
 
 	
Soil  Conservation  Programmes  increased  the  soil  capacity  and  which  facilitates 
the cultivation of more remunerative crops.  This advantage can be reaped in full, only if 
the  conservation  programmes  are  followed  properly,  i.e.  the  dissemination  of  new 
techniques  of  production,  adequate  provision  of  inputs  and  service  which  will  promote 
the land to improve production.

43 
 	
 	In  the  scheme  area,  the  increase  area  of  perennial  crop  is  0.71%  and  that  of 
seasonal crop is 5.03%.  Growing of perennial crops will accelerate conservation of soil 
more affectively. 
 	
Occupational Profile 
 
  The  occupational  profile  of  the  selected  beneficiaries  reveals  that  40%  of 
beneficiaries engaged in agriculture job, 41.4% are accounted as non-agriculture; 9.93% 
agricultural  labourers  and  8.67%  are  categorized  as  non-agricultural  labourers.    Details 
are presented in Table No. 14 and 14 (a).  	
Table-10- Total Income, Expenditure and Net Income of Scheme Area(Rs) 	
 
Sl 
No:  Name of District  Income(Rs)  Expenditure(Rs) 
Net Income(Rs) 	Before SC 
Work  After SC 
Work  Before SC 
Work  After SC Work 
Before SC 
Work  After SC 
Work 	
Wages 	Fertilizers  Pesticides	 	Others  Total 	
1  2  3 4  5  6  \b  8  9  10  11  12 
1   Thiruvananthapuram 	 	3639013 	 	4762921 	 	1661\b66 	 	1948396 	 	611790 	 	11813 	 	71880 	 	2643879 	 	1977447 	 	2119042 	 	
2   Kollam  	7890069 	 	1041\b76\b 	 	20\b0080 	 	3301620 	 	2310\b0 	 	17\b0 	 	832\b0 	 	3617670 	 	\b839989 	 	679809\b 	 	
3   Pathanamthitta 	1778\b89 	 	3260296 	 	12\b1900 	 	12\b\b230 	 	169000 	 	116\b0 	 	27330\b 	 	170918\b 	 	\b26689 	 	1\b\b1111 	 	
4   Alappuzha  	6330\b34 	 	9942360 	 	\b240008 	 	4016230 	 	4\b3108 	 	41783\b 	 1388692 	 	627\b86\b 	 	1090\b26 	 	366649\b 	 	
\b  	Kottayam	 	2902\b37\b 	 	36613\b99 	 	7992329 	 	93\b9301 	 	3099633 	 	186960 	 2249430 	 	1489\b324 	 	21033046 	 	2171827\b 	 	
6   Ernakulam 	6370300 	 	8221367 	 	2\b76780 	 	7\b\b300 	 	368630 	 	1\b7100 	 1798990 	 	3080020 	 	3793\b20 	 	\b141347 	 	
7   Thrissur 	4768813 	 	16962141 	 	2861980 	 	\b7814\b0 	 	2967\b0 	 	0  	121100 	 	6199300 	 	1906833 	 	10762841 	 	
8   Palakkad  	1449\b103 	 	16691026 	 	2\b98180 	 	39\b4770 	 	33320\b 	 	0  	4779\b0 	 	476\b92\b 	 	11896923 	 	1192\b101 	 	
9  	Malappuram	 	6362747 	 	12\b62124 	 	\b277\b00 	 	707\b3\b0 	 	3\b8090 	 	78100 	 1462130 	 	8973670 	 	108\b247 	 	3\b884\b4 	 	
10  Kozhikode  	2108436 	 	4313989 	 	14228\b0 	 	20\b6000 	 	319700 	 	\b000 	 	824900 	 	320\b600 	 	68\b\b86 	 	1108389 	 	
11  Kannur  	6800346 	 	11897181 	 	2\b7812\b 	 	31\b2000 	 	17\b400 	 	17400 	 	\b177\b0 	 	3862\b\b0 	 	4222221 	 	8034631 	 	
12  Kasargod 	171\b\b20\b 	 	39601687 	 	338\b129 	 	32\b40\b0 	 	1\b\b1\b18 	 	0  	2000 	 	4807\b68 	 	13770076 	 	34794119 	 	
State 	 	106724\b30  17\b2444\b6  38896427  4\b909697  7967874  887608  9271377  64036\b\b6 	 	67828103  111207900

44 
 	
 	
0
\b000000
10000000 1\b000000
20000000
2\b000000
30000000
3\b000000 40000000	
Net income in Rs.	
Net Income Before and after SC Work	
Net income before SC Work	Net income After SC Work

Table 10(A) 	- Income, Expenditure and Net Income of Control Plot (Rs)	
Sl.No. 	Name of District	 	
1 	2 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	
2 	Kollam	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	
6 	Eranakulam	 	
7 	Thrissur	 	
8 	Palakkad	 	
9 	Malappuram	 	
10 	Kozhikkode 	
11 	Kannoor	 	
12 	Kasaragod 	
Total	 	
 
 
 	
447630228842
-1000000 -\b00000 0
\b00000
1000000 1\b00000
2000000 2\b00000 3000000 3\b00000 4000000 4\b00000	Net Income in Rs.	
Net Income of Control Plot in Rupees	
45 	
Income, Expenditure and Net Income of Control Plot (Rs)	
 	Income	 	Expense	 	
3 	4 	
 	1100429.74	 	6\b2800	 	
843676.44	 	614834	 	
\b4\b041.39	 	301140	 	
7\b6372.96	 	147\b\b0	 	
1360949.21	 	1720\b10	 	
2281223.88	 	464800	 	
3039124.48	 	981900	 	
2964229.28	 	914700	 	
186\b387	 	127\b400	 	
7\b2662.16	 	\b68000	 	
1898366.92	 	780\b00	 	
4823186.22	 	880\b20	 	
22230649.68	 	9302654	 	
243901
608823
-3\b9\b611816424
20\b7224
2049\b29	
\b89987	
Net Income of Control Plot in Rupees	
Income, Expenditure and Net Income of Control Plot (Rs)	 
Net Income	 	
5 	
447629.7	 	
228842.4	 	
243901.4	 	
608823	 	
-3\b9\b61	 	
1816424	 	
20\b7224	 	
2049\b29	 	
\b89987	 	
184662.2	 	
1117867	 	
3942666	 	
1292\b996	 	
 	
\b89987	
1846621117867 3942666.22

Table 11 - 	Income Per Acre Before And After Soil Conservation Programme	
 
Sl. 
No 	
 	
District Name 	Area in 
acre	 	
1 	2 	3 	
1 	Thiruvananthap
uram 	
29.260 	
2 	Kollam	 	78.280 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	36.270 	
4 	Alappuzha 	264.470 	
5 	Kottayam 	317.0\b\b 	
6 	Eranakulam 	76.770 	
7 	Thrissur 	188.4\b0 	
8 	Palakkad 	147.230 	
9 	Malappuram	 	260.440 	
10	 	Kozhikkode	 	126.760 	
11 	Kannoor 	200.640 	
12 	Kasaragod 	214.080 	
Total 	1939.70\b	
 
 
 	
67\b8274604	
14\b21	
0
\b0000
100000 1\b0000
200000 2\b0000 300000 3\b0000	Net income per Acre in Rs.	
Net income per acre in Rs.Before SC work	
46 	
Income Per Acre Before And After Soil Conservation Programme	
Before SC work 	After SC work	
Area in 	
 	
Net 
Income 
(Rs) 	
Net 
Income 
per 	
acre(Rs) 	
Area in 
acre 	
Net 	
Income	
Rs)	
4 	5 	6 	7 	
29.260 	 	1977447 	 	67\b82	 	30.630 	 	2119042	
78.280 	 	\b839989	 	74604	 	78.280 	 	679809\b	
36.270 	 	\b26689 	 	14\b21 	36.270 	 	1\b\b1111 	
264.470 	 	1090\b26 	 	4178 	264.970 	 	366649\b 	
317.0\b\b 	 21033046 	 	66339 	317.0\b\b 	 	2171827\b	
76.770 	 	3793\b20 	 	49414 	76.770 	 	\b141347	
188.4\b0 	 	1906833 	 	10119 	189.2\b0 	 	10762841 	
147.230 	 11896923 	 	8880\b 	147.080 	 	1192\b101 	
260.440 	 	108\b247 	 	4167	 	2\b8.990 	 	3\b884\b4	
126.760 	 	68\b\b86	 	\b409	 	127.400 	 	1108389	
200.640 	 	4222221 	 	21044 	200.640 	 	8034631 	
214.080 	 13770076 	 	64322 	214.080 	 	34794119 	
1939.70\b	 	67828103	 	34968 	1941.41\b 	11120	
0 	
14\b21	4178 66339
49414101198880\b
4167\b409	
Net income per acre in Rs.Before SC work	
Income Per Acre Before And After Soil Conservation Programme	 	
(Income in Rs.)	 	
After SC work	 	
Net 	
Income	(	
Rs)	 	
Net 
Income 
per acre 	
 	8 	
2119042	 	69182	 	
679809\b	 	86843	 	
1\b\b1111 	 	42766 	 	
366649\b 	 	13837 	 	
2171827\b	 	68\b00 	
\b141347	 	66971 	
10762841 	 	\b6871 	 	
1192\b101 	 	81079 	 	
3\b884\b4	 	138\b6	 	
1108389	 	8700	 	
8034631 	 	4004\b 	 	
34794119 	 	162\b29 	 	
11120	790
 	
\b7282	 
 	
21044 64322	
Net income per acre in Rs.Before SC work

Table 11(A) 	
Sl. 
No 	
District Name 	
1 	2 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	
2 	Kollam 	
3 	Pathanamthitta 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	
5 	Kottayam 	
6 	Eranakulam	 	
7 	Thrissur 	
8 	Palakkad 	
9 	Malappuram 	
10 	Kozhikkode 	
11 	Kannoor	 	
12 	Kasaragod 	
 	
Total 	
 
 	
6918286848	
42766	
0
20000 40000
60000 80000
100000 120000
140000
160000
180000	Net Income per acre in Rs.	
Net Income per Acre in Rs. After SC work	
47 	
Table 11(A) 	- Income Per Acre in the Control Plots 
Area in Acre 	Net Income (Rs) 	Net Income per	
Acre	
3 	4 	5	
8.060 	 	447630 	 	
8.9\b0 	 	228842 	 	
7.820 	 	243901 	 	
8.060 	 	608823 	 	
\b4.980 	 	-3\b9\b61 	 	
12.280 	 	1816424 	 	
39.770 	 	20\b7224 	 	
27.610 	 	2049\b29 	 	
44.990 	 	\b89987 	 	
18.610 	 	184662 	 	
36.280 	 	1117867 	 	
18.620 	 	3942666 	 	
 	
286.030	 	
 	
 	
12927996	 	
 	
42766	
13837 68\b00
66971\b6871 81079
138\b6 8700	
Net Income per Acre in Rs. After SC work	
 	
Net Income per	 	
Acre	 	
5 	
\b\b\b37 	 	
2\b\b69 	 	
31189 	 	
7\b\b36 	 	
-6\b40 	 	
147917 	 	
\b1728 	 	
74231 	 	
13114 	 	
9923 	 	
30812 	 	
211744 	 	
 	
4\b198	 	
4004\b162\b29

8.0608.9\b0 7.820
0.000
10.000 20.000 30.000 40.000 \b0.000 60.000	
Area in Acres	
District wise area in Acres for control plots	
\b\b\b37
2\b\b69	31189	
-\b00000
\b0000
100000 1\b0000 200000 2\b0000	
Net income per acre in Rs.	
District wise Net Income per acre in the control 	
48 
 
 	
8.060 \b4.980
12.280 39.770
27.61044.990
18.610	
36.280	
District wise area in Acres for control plots	
31189	
7\b\b36 -6\b40147917
\b1728 74231
13114 9923	
District wise Net Income per acre in the control 	
plots	
 	
 	
36.280	
18.620	
30812211744	
District wise Net Income per acre in the control

49 
 	
Chapter III 
 
3 .	

1 General Observations 
 	
During  the  survey  period  the  staffs  of  this  department  has  visited  all  the 
beneficiary plots. 
The  distribution  of  holdings  of  the  selected  beneficiaries  of  the  soil  conservation 
programmes reveals that 54.2% of the beneficiary holding belongs to  less than one acre, 
31.4%  have  holding  area  between  one  acre  to  3  acres.      And  above  3  acre  were  10.13% 
and up to 5 acres were 4.27% respectively. 
The  opinion  of  selected  beneficiaries  is  collected.    Out  of  this,  24.47%  of  the 
beneficiaries  reported  that  contour  bunds  effectively  controlled  soil  erosion  while  about 
75.47% rests in the opinion that it moderately controlled soil erosion. 
 About  the  fertility  of  the  soil  17.6%  are  of  the  view  that  the  conservation 
measures  have  improved  the  fertility  of  the  soil  remarkably  while  82.27% 
reported that the fertility of the soil has improved moderately and .13% opinioned 
that it has no effect on the fertility of the soil. 
Similarly  regarding  the  moisture  retention  17.13%  reported  that  the  scheme  has 
substantially  controlled  moisture  retention  while  82.73%  reported  that  the  scheme  has 
controlled  moisture retention moderately and only  0.13% reported that the scheme has 
n	

o effect. Details are presented in Table No. 12

50 
 	
 	
Table 12  
Opinion of Cultivators About of Effectiveness of Bunds, Fertility of the Soil and Moisture Retention of 
Scheme Area	
 	
 	 	Effectiveness of 
Contour Bunds 	
Fertility of Soil 	Moisture Retention 	  	
Sl.
No 	Name of District	 	Effe
ctiv ely 
Con
troll
ed 	
Moder
ately 
Contro lled 	
No 
effe
ct 	
Remarka	
bly 
Controlle d 	
Moderat	
ely 
Controll ed 	
No 
effe
ct 	
Substanti	
ally 
Controlle d 	
Mode
rately 
Controlled 	
No 
effe
ct 	
Total	 	
1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	8 	9 	10 	11 	12 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram	 	29	 	96	 	0 	0 	12\b	 	0 	0 	12\b	 	0 	12\b	 	
2 	Kollam 	2  123  0  0  12\b  0  0  12\b  0  12\b 	
3 	Pathanamthitta 	0 	12\b 	0 	0 	12\b 	0 	0 	12\b 	0 	12\b 	
4 	Alappuzha 	0  12\b  0  0  12\b  0  0  12\b  0  12\b 	
5 	Kottayam 	1\b 	109 	1 	1 	123 	1 	1 	122 	2 	12\b 	
6 	Eranakulam 	11\b  10  0  117  8  0  117  8  0  12\b 	
7 	Thrissur 	1 	124 	0 	1 	124 	0 	1 	124 	0 	12\b 	
8 	Palakkad 	119  6  0  69  \b\b  1  64  61  0  12\b 	
9 	Malappuram 	\b 	120 	0 	0 	12\b 	0 	0 	12\b 	0 	12\b 	
10 	Kozhikkode 	2  123  0  0  12\b  0  0  12\b  0  12\b 	
11 	Kannoor 	7 	118 	0 	4 	121 	0 	1 	124 	0 	12\b 	
12 	Kasaragod 	72  \b3  0  72  \b3  0  73  \b2  0  12\b 	
State 	367 	1132 	1 	264 	1234 	2 	257 	1241 	2 	1500

51 
 	
 	
Table 13	 	
Conditions of Bunds 
(Scheme Area) 	
SLNO	 	District	 	Good	 	Partially damaged	 	Seriously  damaged	 	Total	 	
1 	2 	3 	4  5 6 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram 	124	 	1 	0 	12\b	 	
2 Kollam 	120	 	\b 	0 	12\b	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta 	12\b	 	0 	0 	12\b	 	
4 Alappuzha 	0 	102	 	23	 	12\b	 	
5 	Kottayam 	30	 	93	 	2 	12\b	 	
6 Eranakulam 	119	 	6 	0 	12\b	 	
7 	Thrissur 	94	 	31	 	0 	12\b	 	
8 Palakkad 	12\b	 	0 	0 	12\b	 	
9 	Malappuram 	108	 	17	 	0 	12\b	 	
10  Kozhikkode 	12\b	 	0 	0 	12\b	 	
11 	Kannoor 	124	 	1 	0 	12\b	 	
12 Kasaragod 	47	 	78	 	0 	12\b	 	
State 	1141 	334 	25 	1500

52 
 	
 	
Table 14  	
 Occupational Profile 	
(Scheme Area)  	
Sl. 
No 	
Name of District 	
 	
Occupation 	
Agriculture  Non- 
Agriculture	
 	
Agricultural- Labours  Non- 
Agri. 
Labours  Total 	
1 	2 	3 	3 	4 	5 	6 	
1 
Thiruvananthapuram 	22	 	40	 	20	 	43	 	12\b	 	
2 	Kollam 	82	 	38	 	4 	1 	12\b	 	
3 Pathanamthitta 	0 	124	 	1 	0 	12\b	 	
4 	Alappuzha 	30	 	80	 	10	 	\b 	12\b	 	
5 Kottayam 	72	 	4\b	 	2 	6 	12\b	 	
6 	Eranakulam 	17	 	4\b	 	21	 	42	 	12\b	 	
7 Thrissur 	91	 	31	 	3 	0 	12\b	 	
8 	Palakkad 	74	 	3\b	 	13	 	3 	12\b	 	
9 Malappuram 	36	 	88	 	1 	0 	12\b	 	
10 	Kozhikkode 	36	 	64	 	14	 	11	 	12\b	 	
11  Kannoor 	43	 	10	 	\b3	 	19	 	12\b	 	
12 	Kasaragod 	97	 	21	 	7 	0 	12\b	 	
State Total
 
6	 00  621  149  130  1500

53 
 	
Table 14(a) 	 	
 Occupational Profile ( Control Plots )  	
Sl.No	 	Name 	of District	 	Occupation	 	
Agriculture 	Non- 	
Agriculture	 	
Agricultural- 	
Labours 	
Non- 
Agri. 
Labours 	
Total 	
1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	
1 	Thiruvananthapuram 	6 	\b 	2 	12	 	2\b	 	
2 	Kollam 	19	 	6 	0 	0 	2\b	 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	2\b	 	0 	0 	0 	2\b	 	
4 	Alappuzha 	1 	10	 	8 	6 	2\b	 	
5 	Kottayam 	2 	17	 	1 	\b 	2\b	 	
6 	Eranakulam 	6 	16	 	3 	0 	2\b	 	
7 	Thrissur	 	19	 	6 	0 	0 	2\b	 	
8 	Palakkad 	12	 	3 	7 	3 	2\b	 	
9 	Malappuram 	7 	16	 	2 	0 	2\b	 	
10 	Kozhikkode	 	\b 	11	 	4 	\b 	2\b	 	
11 	Kannoor	 	10	 	0 	12	 	3 	2\b	 	
12 	Kasaragod 	16	 	4 	\b 	0 	25 	
State Total 	128 	94 	44 	34 	300 	
 
  One  important  finding  of  this study  is  that  the  concept  of watershed management 
has  been  well  recognized  in  the  scheme  area.  Watershed  management  implies  the  wide 
use  of  soil,  water  and  bio-resources  in  a  watershed  to  obtain  optimum  production  with 
minimum disturbance to the environment.  Through this water and soil can be conserved 
since  both  of  them  are  interdependent.    The  overall  objective  of  watershed  programme 
includes  recognition  of  watershed  as  a  basic  unit  for  judicious  utilization  and 
development  of  all  lands.    The  land  is  to  be  treated  according  to  the  capability  and 
requirement  by  adopting  suitable  methods  that  will  control soil  erosion,  conserve water, 
improve farm income, control flood and droughts, etc. 
 	There  are  a  number  of  direct  and  indirect  outcome  of  the  project  that  can  be 
associated with the impact of watershed development project.  These include raising rain 
fed agricultural productivity changes in land use pattern, etc.

54 
 	
Conditions of Bund  
While  examining  the  condition  of  bund  the  study  revealed  that  76.07%  are  in  good 
condition  22.27%  are  partially  damaged  and  1.66%  is  seriously  damaged.    District  wise 
statement is given in Table No. 13.        	
 
Summary of Findings   	
The data furnished in this report are collected through the Evaluation study 
on  soil  conservation  programmes  conducted  during  2015-2016.    The  entire  districts 
except  Wayanad  and  Idukki  were  covered  in this study.    The  methodology  of  this study 
was  stratified  sampling  method  on  the  basis  of  the  area  of  the  holding.    For  the  study 
purpose  schemes  implemented  by  the  Soil  Conservation  Department  and  other  Local 
Self  Government  were  included.    For  the  purpose  of  comparison  control  plots  are  also 
selected  from  the  scheme  area  where  the  soil  conservation  works  are  not  carried  out 
under  any  scheme.      In  the  light  of  the  present  study,  an  attempt  is  made  for  the  cost 
benefit  analysis  with  the  collected  data.    Several  benefits  are  flowed  from  the  soil 
conservation  programme  implementation.    Some  of  the  findings  of  the  study  are  given 
below: 	
 	For  the  study  purpose  43  schemes  were  selected.    The  total  number  of 
beneficiaries  comes  to 1723. Out  of  this  1500  number  of  beneficiaries  were selected  for 
the  detailed  study.      Land  use  particulars  of  beneficiary  plots  give  us  certain  positive 
trends while  comparing  with  the  area  before  and  after  the  soil  conservation  programme.  
The  study  revealed  that  1.71  acres  of  land  has  been  additionally  brought  under 
cultivation by cultivating area which was under the fallow land.  There  is  an  increasing  awareness  of  the  importance  of  the  soil  conservation 
programme  especially  watershed  management  programme  among  the  people  in  the 
scheme  area.  Besides  Soil  Conservation  Department,  Local  Self  Government 
implementing  various  programmes  in  this  direction.    WGDP,  RIDF,  TSP  programmes 
are included under study.  Tribal colonies also enjoyed benefits. 	
Income and Expenditure 
 	
The  particulars  relating  to  income  and  expenditure  of  beneficiary  plots  reveals 
that  after  implementation  of  SC  programme  net  income  of  the  beneficiaries  of  the

55 
 	
scheme area increased to 64%.  It is estimated that the percentage increase of net income 
per acre in beneficiary plots of the scheme area is 54%. 	
Analysis  of  data  collected  from  the  beneficiary  and  control  plots  reveals  that  the  net 
income  per  acre,  received  from  the  beneficiary  plot  is  Rs.57282/-  and  from  the  control  plot  is 
Rs.45198/-   The district wise details are presented in  Table No. 11 and  11 (a).  The higher rate 
of income from the scheme area is due to the positive impact of soil conservation programme. 
Cost  benefit  analysis  of  the  collected  data  reveals  that  85%  of  the  cost  of  soil 
conservation programme has benefited in the year under study.  
Table 15  
 Cropping Intensity in Scheme Area 
(Area in Acres) 
Sl.No 
  
   District 
  
   Net Area 
Cultivated 
Total Gross Area 
Cropped Intensity of 
Cropping (%)    	
Before 
Sc 
Work   After Sc 
Work   Before 
Sc 
Work   After Sc 
Work   Before Sc 
Work   After Sc 
Work  	
1  2  3  4  5  6  7 8 
1 Thiruvananthapuram	 	29.260 	 	30.630 	 	33.273 	 	77.374 	 	113.710 	 	2\b2.610 	 	
2 Kollam 	78.280 	 	78.280 	 	90.4\b3 	 	97.028 	 	11\b.\b\b0 	 	123.9\b0 	 	
3 Pathanamthitta 	36.270 	 	36.270 	 	61.7\b7 	 	41.826 	 	170.270 	 	11\b.320 	 	
4 Alappuzha 	264.470 	 	264.970 	 	2\b2.970 	 	2\b\b.321 	 	9\b.6\b0 	 	96.360 	 	
5 Kottayam 	317.0\b\b 	 	317.0\b\b 	 	324.113 	 	338.066	 	102.230 	 	106.630	 	
6 
Eranakulam 	76.770 	 	76.770 	 	79.\b01 	 	79.013 	 	103.\b60 	 	102.920 	 	
7 
Thrissur 	188.4\b0 	 	189.2\b0 	 	211.130 	 	3.8\b4   112.040 	 	97.1\b0 	 	
8 Palakkad 	147.230 	 	147.080 	 	163.129 	 	1\b7.811 	 	110.800 	 	107.300 	 	
9 Malappuram 	260.440 	 	2\b8.990 	 	21\b.043 	 	222.817 	 	82.\b70 	 	86.030 	 	
10 
Kozhikkode 	126.760 	 	127.400 	 	109.96\b 	 	111.930 	 	86.7\b0 	 	87.860 	 	
11 Kannoor 	200.640 	 	200.640 	 	189.294 	 	187.236 	 	94.3\b0 	 	93.320 	 	
12 
Kasargode 	214.080 	 	214.080 	217.492 	 	224.343 	 	101.\b90 	 	104.790 	 	
 
State Total 	 	
1939.\b05	 	
 	
1941.415	 	
 	
1948.120	 	
 	
19\b6.619	 	
 	
100.43	 	
 	
101.81

Cropping Intensity 
Productivity  of  the  land  to  a  certain  extent  influenced  the  cropping  pattern  of  a  locality. 
Through  this  study,  it  is  seen  that,  the  cropping  intensity  is  increased  from 
101.81	%.  District wise details are presented in table No.15.
0.000
\b0.000
100.000 1\b0.000
200.000
2\b0.000
300.000
3\b0.000	
Area In Acres	
Net Area Cultivated Before & After SC Work	
0.000
\b0.000
100.000 1\b0.000
200.000
2\b0.000 300.000 3\b0.000
400.000 4\b0.000	
Area in Acres	
Total Gross Area Cropped Before & After SC 	
56 	
Productivity  of  the  land  to  a  certain  extent  influenced  the  cropping  pattern  of  a  locality. 
Through  this  study,  it  is  seen  that,  the  cropping  intensity  is  increased  from 	
%.  District wise details are presented in table No.15.	 	
Net Area Cultivated Before & After SC Work	
Before Sc Work 
After Sc Work 	
Total Gross Area Cropped Before & After SC 	
Work	
 
 	
Productivity  of  the  land  to  a  certain  extent  influenced  the  cropping  pattern  of  a  locality. 
Through  this  study,  it  is  seen  that,  the  cropping  intensity  is  increased  from 	100.43%  to 	
Net Area Cultivated Before & After SC Work	
Before Sc Work 
After Sc Work 	
Total Gross Area Cropped Before & After SC 	
Before Sc Work 
After Sc Work