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Home / Data & Insights / Data Explorer

Category: Agriculture

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19

Published Date: 28, Apr 2021

Jurisdiction : Kerala

Scheme : Evaluation of Soil Conservation

View Count : 1251

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19

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Transcript

Ev a lu a tio n  s tu d y o n
so il  c o n ser va tio n  i n	
k er a la	  	2 018-1 9
 	
dep a rtm en t o f e c o n om ic s a n d	
sta tis tic s,	  	k er a la	
W eb sit e ;w ww.e co sta t.k e r.g ov.i n	
E m ail;e co sta td ir @ gm ail.c o m	
GOVER N M EN T O F K ER A LA

Government of Kerala 	
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   	
Evaluation Study on Soil 
Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  DEPARTMENT OF  ECONOMICS  & S TATISTICS

PREFACE 
 
  Soil  conservation  assumes  importance  in  the  planni ng  process.  Heavy  soil 
erosion can cause a decline in soil fertility, wate r supply and crop yields. It affects the 
productivity  of  land  and  decreases  the  production  o f  food,  feed,  fiber  and  fuel. 
Erosion can adversely cause the socio-economic cond itions of the state to be affected. 
The  state  Government  is  implementing  various  soil  c onservation  measures  through 
the  soil  Survey  and  soil  conservation    department,  local  bodies,  etc.,  for  maintaining 
the fertility and moisture content of the surface s oil.  
The  Evaluation  study  of  soil  conservation  schemes  h as  been  done  by  the  Directorate 
of Economics and Statistics for all districts excep t Wayanad. This report relates to the 
survey  results  of  15  schemes  completed  by  the  Soil  Survey  and  Soil  Conservation 
Department  and  various  other  agencies.    The  field  s urvey  was  conducted  during  the 
agricultural year   2018-2019   by the Statistical  Investigators under the supervision of 
the  Research  Officer  and  Deputy  Director  in  the  Dis trict  Offices.    The  schemes 
implemented  and  completed  before  three  years  are  ta ken  up  for  study  so  that  full 
benefit  of  the  scheme  could  be  evaluated  and  assess ed.    This  evaluation  study  results 
may  be  much  of  use  to  Administrators,  Statisticians ,  Research  Scholars,  Agricultural 
Geologists and others interested in the subject. 
  I acknowledge my thanks to the staff of Soil Surve y and soil Conservation and 
other  local  bodies  for  their  valuable  suggestion  an d  whole  hearted  co-operation  for 
the successful conduct of the survey in the state. 
 
                       Sd/-            P.V.BABU 
Thiruvananthapuram,              DIRECTOR    28/04/2021

OFFICERS OF EVALUATION DIVISION  
 
  Additional  Director  Smt. LATHAKUMARI  C  S 
Deputy Director 	Sri. JOTHI J WINSLOW 	
Research Officer  Smt. VRINDA  M B 
Research Assistant 	Smt. SHAMJU  B  K 	
Statistical Assistant Grade I 
 
Smt. BINDU LAKSHMY  K   
Statistical Assistant Grade I 	 	
Smt.  JISHA   C  G 	
Statistical Assistant Grade I  Smt. MANJU  S

CONTENTS 	
Chapter	â1 	Pages	 	
1.1  Introduction 1 
1.2  Objectives and Methodology 1 
1.3  Selection of Scheme & beneficiaries 2 
1.4  District Wise Schemes 3 
  Graph 1.1  District wise Implemented Area in Hectors  8 
  Graph 1.2  District wise No. of Beneficiaries  8 
  Table 1.2  Statement showing stratum wise distribution of selected 	
beneficiaries	
-2.2	 	District Wise details of Cost	 in	 Rs.	  18 	
 	Table	
 	
21 	
  Table- 2.5  Scarcity of l water of beneficiaries in scheme area & in 	
control plot during survey period	 	
22

2.3  Land use particulars of Beneficiary plots 23 
  Table- 2.6    Land use particulars of beneficiary plot  24 
  Graph -2.3  Percentage of Current fallow over total  area before and 	
after 	SC work	 	
25 	
  Graph -2.4  Percentage of  area Cultivated over total area before and 	
after SC work	 	
25 	
  Table- 2.7    Land use particulars of Control plots  26 
  Graph -2.5  Percentage of area cultivated over tota l area in control 	
plots	
  	
30 	
 	
31 	
 	
32 	
 	
34 	
 	
39 	
beneficiaries.	 	
64 	
 	
65 	
Control plots	 	
66 	
 	
68

Graph -2.13    Cultivated Area in Acre before and Af ter SC work  69 
 
Graph -2.14    Net income in Rupees before and After  SC work  69 
 
Graph -2.15    Net income per acre in rupees Before  and After SC 	
work	 	
70 	
 
a  Extension of area under cultivation  75 
 b  Increase in production  75 	
 	
3.1 General Observations  76 
 
Table- 3.1 
 	
 	
Opinion of  beneficiaries about effectiveness of bu nds, 
Fertility of the soil and Moisture retention .  77 	
 
Table- 3.2  Opinion of  beneficiaries about  Conditi ons of  Bund  78 
 
Table-3.3  Opinion of  beneficiaries about the Schem e Area  79 
 
Table- 3.4   	Number of 	beneficiaries having  awareness on  Soil and 	
Water Conservation Schemes	 	
79 	
 Table- 3.5    Potentiality of  Land in Scheme Area  8 0 
 
Table- 3.6    Potentiality of  Land in Control Plots   81 
 
Table- 3.7  Occupational Profile of beneficiaries in  the Scheme Area  82 
 
Table- 3.8  Occupational Profile  of beneficiaries i n the Control Plots	 	82 	
3.2 
Occupational  Profile  83 
3.3 
Summary of Findings  83 
 
Table- 3.9  Cropping Intensity in Scheme Area  84 
3.4 
Cropping Intensity  85 
 
Graph 3.1  Total  area Cropped  Before and  After SC  Work  85 
 
Conclusion  86

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 1 
  
CHAPTER â I 
 	
  1.1 Introduction 
Soil  conservation  includes  not  only  control  over  er osion  but  all  those  measures  like  correction  of 
soil  defects,  proper  crop  rotations,  and  irrigation s  etc.  which  aim  at  maintaining  the  productivity  of   the 
soil  at  high  level.  In  this  sense,  soil  conservatio n  is closely  allied  to  improvement  of  land  use  in  g eneral. 
Considering  the  importance  of  soil  conservation  our   plan  provisions  enhanced  for  optimizing  the  use  of 
land  resources.  An  evaluation  study  in  this  front  c an  be  helpful  for  developing  much  more  suitable 
conservation measures. 
  1.2  Objectives and  methodology 
The main objectives of the evaluation study are: 	
1. To assess the benefit of the programme particularly  in relation to the cultivation of seasonal and perennial 
crops. 
2.
 To throw light on various aspects like cost benefit  analysis, production   potential etc. 
3.
 To  estimate  the  extent  of  additional  area  brought  u nder  cultivation  consequent  on  the  implementation  o f 
the programme.	
 	
4. To study the effects of the work carried out by the  Soil  Conservation  Department in this direction. 
For this, schemes were selected which were implemen ted  three years prior to the survey i.e. during 
2015-16  or  earlier  in  the  State  by  the  Soil  Survey  and  Soil  Conservation  Department.  The  study  covered  
all the districts of the State except Wayanad. The  list of beneficiaries under each scheme is collected from 
the implementing Department.  The holdings are stra tified into four stratums. 
Holdings with less than 1 acre	
 	-  StratumI 
Holdings with 1 acre or more but less than 3 acres  -  StratumII 
Holdings  with  3  acres  or  more  but  less  than  5 
acres  -  StratumIII 
Holdings with 5 acres and above  -  Stratum IV

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 2 
  
 
 
1.3 Selection of Scheme & beneficiaries 	 	
        First of all, one scheme is selected which 
were executed three years prior to the survey; i.e,  during the 
year 2015-16; In the absence of such schemes which  can be selected prior to the year concerned.The list of 
also selected from the outside of treated area, whe re the soil conservation  works are not carried out under 
any scheme.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 3 
 
 
1.4	 DISTRICT WISE SCHEMES 
1. Thiruvananthapuram  
Thannimoodu  watershed RIDF XVII. 	
Vamanapuram  Block  in  Nedumangad  Taluk.  The  aim  of  t he  scheme  was  the  improvement  of 
Plantain,  Betalleaves,  Arecanut  ,pepper,  Rubber  and  Coconut.  The  goal  of  the  scheme  was  to  save  from 
the agriculture loss due to flood and drought.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 4 
 4.
  Alappuzha 
 	
Pallipuram-Thaikkattussery vellakettu nivarana padh athi  Phase - I and II 
 
 	
Pallipuram-Thaikkattussery  vellakettu  nivarana  padh athi    Phase  -  I    was  started  in  2011  and 	
completed in 2016 ,and consist of 99 beneficiaries with total area 350 ha and 336ha as treated area. Phase 
development status of the people by implementing scientific and planned watershed measures. 	
6. Idukki 
Valliyankavu  Neerthada Padhathi RIDF- XIX  
Valliyankavu  Neerthada  Padhathi  implemented  in  Peerumedu Taluk in Idukki 
district.The total area covered is 350 ha and treated area is 348 ha of land and the totalbenificiaries196. 	
It is started in 2014 and completed in 2016. 	
drainage protection (RIDF-19) 	
This  schemes  are  in  Pambakuda  gramapanchayath,  Muva ttupuzhaThaluk  in  Eranakulam	 district.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 5 
 
Attuvelikuzhi	 	Thodu  watershed  project    was  implemented  during  2012  to  2016,  comprising  of  63 	
land. 	
8. Thrissur 	
3 yrs to complete till 2015.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 6 
 	
 	
11. Kozhikode 
Aanayodu neerthada padhathi 	
This scheme started in 2012 and completed in 2016 a nd  implemented in Thuneri Block, Vadakara 	
activities were involved in the scheme to conserve the soil and safe guarding the water sources 	
12. Kannur 
Malur neerthadapadhathi RIDF-14 	
benificiaries with total area 721 ha and treated ar ea is in 490 ha of land. It is located in Sivapuram  village, 	
13. Kasargod 	
Paramba Neerthada scheme RIDF- XIX 	
Paramba  Neerthada  scheme  is  situated  in  Maloth,  Wes t  Eleri  village  on  Vellerikunnd  Taluk, 	
Kasargod  District.    The  Scheme  area  under  the    water  shed  is  380ha  and  171  beneficiaries.    The  project 
starts  from  2014  and  completed  in  2016.  The  project   achieved  100%  of  physical  as  well  as  financial 
average

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 7 
 	
 
Table-1.1 List of selected schemes 
 	
iaries 	
No of 	
 	168.470 	283 	57 	
-	
19 	310.540 	
-	
19) 	
108.650 	138 	31 	
8 	Trissur 	Mallankuzhy water shed (RIDF IX) 	206.170 	125 	25 	
9 	Palakkad 	Chulliyar Water Shed-XVII 	499.822 	101 	20 	
10 	Malappuram 	Ammanamcholawatershed RIDF-17 	216.790 	104 	22 	
11 	Kozhikode 	Anayodu Watershed Scheme 	295.420 	188 	38 	
12 	Kannur 	Malur watershed  RIDF-14 	197.910 	150 	30 	
13 	Kasargod 	ParambaNeerthadascheme RIDF-19 	267.570 	171 	34 	
 	Total 	 	2866.946 	1989 	404

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 8 
 
 
 
Graph 1.1 District wise Implemented Area in Hectors  
 	
 	 	
 
Graph 1.2 District wise No .of Beneficiaries	
 
 
  Thiruvananthapura
m
3% Kollam
6%
Pathanamthitta 7%
Alappuzha
1%
Kottayam 10%
Idukki
11%
Ernakulam
4%
Thrissur
7%Palakkad
17% Malappuram
8% Kozhikode
10%
Kannur7%
Kasargod 9% 150 196
138
125
101 104 188
150 171

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 9  
  Table-1.2  Statement showing stratum wise distribution of selected beneficiaries  
            (area in acres) 	
Slno 	Districts	 	No of 	
Area 	No:	 	Area	 	
1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	8 	9 	10 	11 	12 	13 	
1 	Thiruvanantha 	
29.760	
38.350	72	94.650	
27.350	
88	153.725	25	93.937	
31.950	113	180.210	21	
108.650	
8 	Thrissur 	17.770	97	206.170	
122.731	35	295.038	 	101	499.822	
10 	Malappuram 	19.790	41	75.700	16	61.810	8	59.490	
295.420	
26.920	
931	835	1358.581	166	641.218	57	 	1989	2866.946

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 10  
 
 	
 
Table-1.3  Statement showing stratum wise distributi
on of selected Control Plots 
  (Area in acres) 
 	
 	
Stratum 4	 	Total	 	
 	Area	 	No:	 	Area	 	No:	 	Area	 	No:	 	Area 	No:	 	Area 	
1 	2 	3 	
1 	 	Thiruvananthapuram 	17 	6.800 	4 	4.570 	 	0.000 	 	0.000 	21 	11.370 	
 
2 	
 	
Kollam	 	1 	50 	15.320 	7 	9.450 	 	0.000 	 	0.000 	57 	24.770 	
 
3 	21 	10.960 	7 	11.560 	 	0.000 	 	0.000 	28 	22.520 	
 
4 	
28 	3.850 	0 	0.000 	 	0.000 	 	0.000 	28 	3.850 	
 
5 	7 	2.722 	18 	26.354 	5 	19.046	 	 	0.000 	30 	48.122 	
 
6 	8 	3.220 	19 	27.470 	7 	25.000	33.500 	40 	89.190 	
 7 	23 	13.190 	8 	8.480 	 	0.000 	 	0.000 	31 	21.670 	
 
8 	
 	
Thrissur	 	16 	3.190 	8 	11.500 	1 	3.900 	 	0.000 	25 	18.590 	
 
9 	
 	
Palakkad	 	
1 	1 	0.720 	6 	10.990 	6 	22.120	57.220 	20 	91.050 	
 
10 	
 	
Malappuram	 	9 	1.030 	8 	11.460 	3 	11.850	 	2 	11.000 	22 	35.340 	
 11 	 	Kozhikode	 	1 	11 	24.180 	21 	61.040 	5 	50.310	7.230 	38 	142.760	 	
 
12 	
 	
Kannur	 	1 	11 	7.170 	17 	25.620 	2 	7.500 	 	0.000 	30 	40.290 	
 
13 	
 	
Kasargod	 	
1 	14 	6.430 	16 	25.480 	4 	14.000	 	 	0.000 	34 	45.910 	
Total	 	216 	98.782 	139 	233.974 	33 	153.726	 16 	108.950	 404 	595.432

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 11   
 	
Graph -1.4 Statement showing stratum wise distribut
ion of selected Control Plots 
  (Area in acres) 	
  Thiru
vana
nthap
uram Kolla
m Patha
namt hitta Alapp
uzha Kotta
yam Idukki Ernak
ulam Thriss
ur Palak
kad Mala
ppura m Kozhi
kode Kann
ur Kasar
god Stratum 2
4.570 9.450 11.56 0.000 26.35 27.47 8.480 11.50 10.99 11.46 6 1.04 25.62 25.48Stratum 3
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 19.04 25.00 0.000 3.900 22.12 11.85 5 0.31 7.500 14.00Stratum 4
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 33.50 0.000 0.000 57.22 11.00 7 .230 0.000 0.000
0.000
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 12  	
The total number of beneficiaries comes to 1989.  About 46.81% of the beneficiaries 
are having holding less than one acre,41.98% are ha ving holdings one acre or more but less 
than  3  acres,  8.35%  are  having  holding  3  acres  or  m ore  but  less  than  5  acres  and  2.87%  of 
the beneficiaries are having holdings of more than  5 acres.  In order to compare the benefits 
of  the  implementation  of  Soil  Conservation  Programm es,  control  plots  were  also  selected.  
Its  distribution  is  53.47%,  34.41%,  8.17%  and  3.96%   respectively  under  Stratum  I,  II,  III  
and  IV. 
Following  schedules  were  used  for  collecting  the  de tails  from  beneficiary  plots 
and control plots. 
Schedule I  -  List of selected beneficiaries

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 13  	
1.6     Responsibility for prevention of erosion 
Land  which  is  one  of  the  precious  gifts  of  the  natu re  embodies  soil,  water  and 
associated  flora  and  fauna  involving  the  total  ecos ystem.    The  topography  of  the  land 
plays  the  most  important  role  in  soil  erosion.    Ker ala  is  a  narrow  strip  of  land  (width 
varies  from      15  Km  to  120  Km)  situated  on  the  West ern  Slopes  of  the  Western  Ghats 
(the  Sahyadri).    The  very  steep  slopes  facilitate  q uick  runoff  of  the  rainfall  resulting  in 
low time of concentration poor ground water recharg e.  This high velocity of the surface 
flow  causes  soil  displacement  and  movement.    The  su rface  soil  gets  washed  away  along 
with  the  running  water.        The  major  portion  of  the   state  is  laterite  and  as  such  is  more 
prone  to  erosion.    The  different  forms  of  soil  eros ion  cause  huge  damage  and  reported 
causalities   every year due to landslides in monso on season. 
1.7    Methods of Soil Conservation Programme  Soil  Conservation  practices  are  mainly  grouped  into   two  categories  viz. 
Agronomical  and  Engineering  measures.  Agronomic  mea sures  are  comparatively  less 
costly such as contour ploughing / optimal fertiliz ing, organic farming, etc.  Engineering 
measures  include  contour  bunding,  land  leveling,  co nstruction  of  check  dams  and  water 
harvesting  structure,  etc.  At  present  various  water shed  programmes  are  being 
implemented  in  the  state  for  effective  preservation   and  management  of  the  natural 
resources. 
1.8   Land Use Particulars of the State   
There has been a significant change in the land use  of the state over the years.  On 
many  occasions  the  change  is  adversely  affecting  th e  environment  by  way  of  intensified

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 14  	
soil  erosion,  water  logging,  conversion  of  paddy  lands,  etc.  are  some  of  the  examples.  
Cultivation of very steep lands without adopting sc ientific conservation practices lead to 
heavy soil erosion.  Use of chemicals on a large sc ale for agricultural productions leaves 
dangerous quantities of the residues in the soil an d the water sources.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 15  	
 
Chapter â II 	
 
2.1  Impact of Soil Conservation   Programme on Land  Use and Crop Pattern   
Before  1994-95,  soil  conservation  programmes  were  e xecuted  by  Department  of 
Agriculture/Soil  and  Water  conservation..    It  creat e    employment  to  rural  people  due  to  soil  and 
water  conservation  works  and  increase  the    income  o f  people  and  reduced  migration  of  labour. 
Soil  and  water  conservation  structures  in  arable  an d  non-arable  lands  reduced  soil  erosion,  soil 
loss,  run-off  water  etc.  and  increased  rainwater  in filtration,  ground  water  table,  surface  storage, 
cropping  intensity,  productivity  of  crops,  etc.    As   long  as  works  were  carried  out  based  on 
funding  by  Government  and  subsidies  provided  for  su pporting  income  generating  enterprises,  it 
improve the life and lively hood  of the poor .  After  1994-95,  there  was  a  proposal  from  the  Govern ment  that  people  should  contribute  5-
10%  or  more  towards  soil  and  water  conservation  wor ks.    Farmers  contributed  in  some  of  the 
watersheds based on the direct benefits derived fro m such activities. 
Soil  can  be  well  maintained  through  bunding  (mechan ical  and  mechanical-cum-vegetative 
barriers),  deep  ploughing,  levelling,  smoothening  e tc.    Bunding  was  accepted  by  farmers  to 
strengthen  existing  bunds  without  any  obstruction  i n  their  plot.      Moisture  conservation  on 
measures increased yield magically. 
Farmers  in  different  parts  reported  that  the  fact  t hat  the  sustainability  of  agriculture  is  only 
possible  by  soil  and  water  conservation  measures.    They  also  reported  that  soil  erosion  can  be 
minimized  and  irrigation  potentials  can  be  improved   through  soil  and  water  conservation 
measures.    In  addition,  vegetation  covering  the  soi l  is  a  must  for  minimizing  soil  loss  even 
further. 
Table 2.1 gives number of beneficiaries selected in  each district and cost of  the  
selected schemes. Also gives total area covered.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 16  	
Table-2.1  District wise details of  treated area in acres, cost and number of beneficiaries of 
selected   schemes 
 
  Sl No:   
District  Treated 
Area in Acres	
104	 	
2  Kollam 
815.100	5232000.00	 	
3 	
 	
7 	
 	
9 	Palakkad 	985.530	9651156.00	101	101	 	
10 Malappuram 
741.000	 	
11 	Kozhikode 	703.950	
124907821	1989 1989

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 17 
 
 
 
Graph-2.1  District wise Area of selected Scheme 
 	
 
 
 	
 
  2.2   Cost Benefit Analysis in the soil Conservati on Programme 
 
Cost benefit analysis is a method that can be used  to evaluate the effects of goods 
produced by agriculture on the total welfare of the  society. The effects are made to values the 
cost and benefits due to different policy measures  in monetary terms .Improving agricultural 
productivity across the sectors are important in or der to improve the income of the farmers. 
The better productivity through the efficient utili zation of resources reduce the cost and  
realize the fair prices for the outputs . In this s tudy it investigates cost and benefits associated 
with adaptation approaches employed by farmers with  various systems and methods 
expressing in monetary terms and identify the most  effective and economic option based on 
general information and responses of  farmers.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 18 
 
 
  Graph-2.2  District wise details of Cost in   Rupees for selected schemes 
 	
  Thiruvananthapura
m, 6342182.00
Kollam, 5232000.00 Pathanamthitta, 
8725540.00
Alappuzha, 
27595672.00
Kottayam, 
9000000.00
Idukki, 10936999.00
Ernakulam, 
9001348.00
Thrissur, 
4491802.00
Palakkad, 
9651156.00
Malappuram, 
7148017.00 Kozhikode, 
6000000.00
Kannur, 9536105.00
Kasargod, 
11247000.00

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 19  	 	
Table-2.2 District wise details of number of beneficiaries in General, SC & ST Separating APL & BPL in  scheme area and number of farmers in control plot
 
       	
 
Total
 
Total	
 
BPL
 
APL
 
BPL
 
APL
 
BPL
 
APL
 
BPL
 
APL
 
BPL
 
APL
 
BPL
 
APL
 
BPL
 
APL
 
BPL
 	
 1 
Thiruvananthap
uram 	
1 
39
2
0
1
1
0
40
3
4 
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
2  35
4
0
0 0 0 35 4 8
 
1 0 0 0 0 8 1	
3 
20	198
64
0
17
0
0
198
81	
6
4
0
0
0
0
6
4
0 
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2  39
34
3
4 2 35 44 73 20
 
5 0 1 0 2 20 8
3 
10
3
0
1
0
0
10
4
0 
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
  4   
Alappuzha  1 
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
 
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3  45
60
3
20 0 0 48 80 0
 5 
49
4
0
0
0
0
49
4
11 
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
2  62
3
0
0 0 0 62 3 10
 
3 0 0 0 0 10 3
3 
29
3
0
0
0
0
29
3
4 
2
0
0
0
0
4
2
 
6   
Idukki  1  32
35
1
8 0 0 33 43 11
65
43
0
12
0
0
65
55
17 
6
0
0
0
0
17
6
3  0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
 
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 7 
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2  0
58
9
2
4
0
2
60
15
0 
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
 
8   
Thrissur  1  0
117
8
0
0
0
0
117
8
16 
7
0
2
0
0
16
9
3  0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
 
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 9 
 
Palakkad 
1 
26
 
0 0 0 0 0 12 0
3 
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
 
10   
Malappuram  1  12
27
 
3 0 0 0 0 5 3
2 
21
2 
9
0
0
0
0
2
9
3  5
4
0
0 0 0 5 4 2
 
1 0 0 0 0 2 1
 11 
 
Kozhikode 
1 
71
0
0
0
0
0
71
0
12 
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
2  107
1
4
0
3
0
1
1
8
1 
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
 
12   
Kannur  1  18
62
0
0 0 0 18 62 4
 
12 0 0 0 0 4 12
2 
14
56	
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2  136
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27 
7
0
0
0
0
27
7

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 20 
 	
Table-2.3  Details of Water Resources collected from beneficiaries	 
 	
 	
District Name 	Scheme Name 	Number 
of Ponds	 	
Number of 	
Wells	 	
Thiruvananthapuram 	Thannimoodu watershed project 	2 	82 	
Kollam 	MannayemWatershec project RIDF XV 	0 	162 	
Pathanamthitta 	
Arayanjilimannu Watershed 	0 	121 	
Alappuzha 	pallippuramthycattusseryvellakkettunivar
anaprojrct phase 1&2 	
0 	69 	
Kottayam 	
Nelloor Watershed	-1 	1 	74 	
Idukki 	ValliyankavuNeerthada Scheme 	5 	54 	
Ernakulam 	Attuvelikuzhithodu watershed 
project&kalamboorthodu flood control& 
and trainage protection scheme 	
12 	26 	
Thrissur 	Mallankuzhy Watershed RIDF 1X 	10 	123 	
Palakkad 	
Chulliyur Watershed 20 B 39 S scheme 	0 	51 	
Malappuram 	AmmanamChola RIDF 17 	2 	100 	
Kozhikode 	Anayode watershed project 	8 	125 	
Kannur 	Malur watershed RIDF XIV   	6 	145 	
Kasargod 	Paramba watershed Scheme 	18 	89 	
TOTAL 	 	64 	1221

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 21  
 
Table-2.4  Water level in wells (in Meters) during April/May of beneficiaries in scheme area 
 
 	
District 	
Before 	After 	Control Plot 	
Below 
0.5m 	0.5-1 	1-2m 	Below 
0.5m 	0.5-1m 	1-2m 	Below 
0.5m 	0.5-1m	 	1-2m 	
Thiruvanantha 
puram 	
56 	26 	0 	33 	49 	0 	8 	1 	4 	
Kollam 	158 	4 	0 	52 	110 	0 	26 	4 	0 	
Pathanamthitta 	113 	8 	0 	107 	14 	0 	15 	23 	0 	
Alappuzha 	21 	43 	5 	19 	44 	6 	13 	4 	5 	
Kottayam 	59 	15 	0 	27 	43 	4 	20 	0 	0 	
Idukki 	34 	20 	0 	22 	32 	0 	16 	9 	0 	
Ernakulam 	14 	10 	2 	10 	14 	2 	10 	2 	7 	
Thrissur 	100 	23 	0 	100 	23 	0 	15 	0 	0 	
Palakkad 	31 	20 	0 	20 	30 	1 	8 	7 	0 	
Malappuram 	81 	18 	1 	67 	14 	19 	14 	3 	1 	
Kozhikode 	47 	60 	18 	31 	49 	45 	28 	0 	0 	
Kannur 	86 	57 	2 	62 	68 	15 	23 	4 	0 	
Kasargod 	43 	41 	5 	15 	58 	16 	20 	1 	0 	
 
 	
Table  2.4  Illustrates  the  water  level  in  wells  that  have  increased  remarkably  after  the 
soil  conservation  Scheme.    In  Thiruvananthapuram,  2 6  wells    were  in  the  level  of  0.5  to  1m 
and after the Soil Conservation work water level im proved ie.; 49 wells shows the same water 
level  as        0.5  to  1m.  Remarkable  changes  seen  in  a ll  districts  ie.;  0.5,  0.5  to  1m  and  1  to  2 
meters.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 22  	
 
Table-2.5 Scarcity of  water in scheme area & in co ntrol plot during survey period 
 	
 
 	
District 	Before 	After 	Control Plot 	
0-1 
month 	
1-2 
month 	>2 	0-1 
month 	
1-2 
month 	>2 	0-1 	1-2 	>2 	
Thiruvanantha 
puram 	
39 	1 	42 	48 	1 	33 	7 	1 	5 	
Kollam 	64 	12 	86 	96 	14 	52 	14 	2 	14 	
Pathanamthitta 	21 	3 	97 	49 	8 	64 	19 	1 	18 	
Alappuzha 	31 	0 	38 	42 	2 	25 	20 	2 	0 	
Kottayam 	8 	15 	51 	22 	9 	43 	12 	5 	3 	
Idukki 	12 	10 	32 	21 	15 	18 	18 	7 	0 	
Ernakulam 	6 	3 	17 	8 	4 	14 	10 	5 	4 	
Thrissur 	35 	18 	70 	42 	23 	58 	12 	3 	0 	
Palakkad 	12 	2 	37 	16 	8 	27 	12 	1 	2 	
Malappuram 	40 	12 	48 	49 	23 	28 	15 	1 	2 	
Kozhikode 	67 	12 	46 	69 	18 	38 	28 	0 	0 	
Kannur 	34 	8 	103 	47 	22 	76 	23 	4 	0 	
Kasargod 	22 	16 	51 	32 	21 	36 	13 	0 	8 	
 	
The table 2.5 describes the scarcity of  water in s cheme area and in control plots. Changes 
can be seen considerable change in the duration of  months affecting water scarcity in the 
scheme area.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 23  	
 
2.3. Land use particulars of beneficiary plots 
  Table  2.6  shows  the  land  use  particulars    of  benef iciary  plots.  In  the  case  area  of 
cultivation,  nominal  change  can  be  seen  in  most  of  the  districts.  Thiruvananthapuram,  Kollam, 
Trissur,  Palakkad,  Kozhikode,  Kannur,  Kasaragod  sho ws  no  change.    Alappuzha,  Idukki  and 
Malappuram data  shows more area used for cultivati on after soil conservation works. 
  Current  fallow  remains  same  in  Thiruvananthapuram  (0.160),  Kollam  (0.040), 
Trissur(0.060)  ,  Palakkad(21.583),  Kozhikode  (Nil),   Kannur(3.950),  Kasaragod  (6.300).                  
A    small  change  can  be  seen  in  Alappuzha,  Idukki  an d  Malappuram.    This  current  fallow 
increased  in  Pathanamthitta,    Ernakulam,  Kottayam  d istrict.  While  considering  the  other  use  of 
land  Thiruvananthapuram,  Kollam,  Pathanamthitta,  Al appuzha,  Kottayam,    Ernakulam,  Trissur, 
Palakkad,Malappuram    Kozhikode,  Kannur  and  Kasarago d  keep  the  same  land  use  pattern  
without  any change. Slight variation  only in Iduk ki district.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 24
 
 
 
Table2.6  Land use particulars o f Beneficiary Plots  (Area in acres) 
 	 	 	Sl No 	
 	 	
Districts 	
Area Cultivated 
Current fallow 
Other use 
Area not Cultivated 
Total 	
Before SC Work 
After SC Work 
Before SC Work 
After SC Work 
Before SC Work 
After SC Work 
Before SC Work 
After SC Work 
Before SC Work 
After SC Work 	
Area 
% 
Area 
% 
Area 
% 
Area 
% 
Area 
% 
Area 
% 
Area 
% 
Area 
% 
Area 
% 
Area 
% 	
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 	
 	
1 
Thiruvananthapur	
am 	
90.410 
97.19 
90.410 
97.19 
0.160 
0.17 
0.160 
0.17 
2.450 
2.63 
2.450 
2.63 
0.000 
0.00 
0.000 
0.00 
93.020 
100.00
 
93.020 
100.00
 	
2 
Kollam 
161.910 
96.11 
161.910 
96.11 
0.040 
0.02 
0.040 
0.02 
6.520 
3.87 
6.520 
3.87 
0.000 
0.00 
0.000 
0.00 
168.470 
100.00
 
168.470 
100.00
 	
3 
Pathanamthitta 
201.030 
99.87 
200.990 
99.85 
0.100 
0.05 
0.140 
0.07 
0.160 
0.08 
0.160 
0.08 
0.000 
0.00 
0.000 
0.00 
201.290 
100.00
 
201.290 
100.00
 	
4 
Alappuzha 
12.740 
46.58 
12.990 
47.50 
4.630 
16.93 
4.380 
16.01 
9.200 
33.64 
9.200 
33.64 
0.780 
2.85 
0.780 
2.85 
27.350 
100.00
 
27.350 
100.00
 	
5 
Kottayam 
254.371 
92.86 
250.227 
91.34 
3.500 
1.28 
7.644 
2.79 
8.350 
3.05 
8.350 
3.05 
7.720 
2.82 
7.720 
2.82 
273.944 
100.00
 
273.944 
100.00
 	
6 
Idukki 
206.523 
66.50 
217.430 
70.02 
5.320 
1.71 
4.720 
1.52 
64.523 
20.78 
60.000 
19.32 
34.174 
11.00 
28.390 
9.14 
310.540 
100.00
 
310.540 
100.00
 	
7 
Ernakulam 
103.630 
95.38 
102.230 
94.09 
0.870 
0.80 
2.270 
2.09 
4.150 
3.82 
4.150 
3.82 
0.000 
0.00 
0.000 
0.00 
108.650 
100.00
 
108.650 
100.00
 	
8 
Thrissur 
188.710 
91.53 
188.710 
91.53 
0.060 
0.03 
0.060 
0.03 
17.000 
8.25 
17.000 
8.25 
0.400 
0.19 
0.400 
0.19 
206.170 
100.00
 
206.170 
100.00
 	
9 
Palakkad 
468.435 
93.72 
468.435 
93.72 
21.583 
4.32 
21.583 
4.32 
5.244 
1.05 
5.244 
1.05 
4.560 
0.91 
4.560 
0.91 
499.822 
100.00
 
499.822 
100.00
 	
10 
Malappuram 
195.620 
90.23 
196.470 
90.63 
3.670 
1.69 
2.820 
1.30 
12.610 
5.82 
12.610 
5.82 
4.890 
2.26 
4.890 
2.26 
216.790 
100.00
 
216.790 
100.00
 	
11 
Kozhikode 
275.440 
93.24 
275.440 
93.24 
0.000 
0.00 
0.000 
0.00 
3.960 
1.34 
3.960 
1.34 
16.020 
5.42 
16.020 
5.42 
295.420 
100.00
 
295.420 
100.00
 	
12 
Kannur 
181.700 
91.81 
181.700 
91.81 
3.950 
2.00 
3.950 
2.00 
3.590 
1.81 
3.590 
1.81 
8.670 
4.38 
8.670 
4.38 
197.910 
100.00
 
197.910 
100.00
 	
13 
Kasargod 
254.310 
95.04 
254.310 
95.04 
6.300 
2.35 
6.300 
2.35 
6.960 
2.60 
6.960 
2.60 
0.000 
0.00 
0.000 
0.00 
267.570 
100.00
 
267.570 
100.00
 	
Total 
2594.829 
90.51 
2601.252 
90.73 
50.183 
1.75 
54.067 
1.89 
144.717 
5.05 
140.194 
4.89 
77.214 
2.69 
71.430 
2.49 
2866.946 
100.00
 2866.946 
100.00

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 25 
 	
Graph 2.3 Percentage of Current fallow over total area before SC work and after SC work 	
 
 
 
 	
Graph 2.4  Percentage of area cultivated over total area before SC work and  after SC work 	
 Thiru
vanan thapu
ram Kolla
m Patha
namt hitta Alapp
uzha Kotta
yam Idukki
Ernak
ulam Thriss
ur Palak
kad Mala
ppura m Kozhi
kode Kann
ur Kasar
god After SC Work
97.19 96.11 99.85 47.50 91.34 70.02 94.09 91.53 93.72 90.63 9 3.24 91.81 95.04
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00 After SC Work
0.17 0.02 0.07 16.01 2.79 1.52 2.09 0.03 4.32 1.30 0.00 2.00 2. 35
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00 Percentage of Current fallow over total area before
 SC work and afterSC work

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 26 
 	
Table-2.7  Land use particulars of Control Plots (area in acres) 	 	
Sl 
No
   	Districts	 	
Area	 	
Cultivated	 	
Current	 	
fallow	 	Other use	 	Area not	 	
Cultivated	 	Total	 	
91.38 	0.000 	0.00 	0.980 	8.62 	0.000 	0.00 	11.370 	100.00 	
2 	Kollam	 	22.960  92.69  0.100  0.40  1.710  6.90  0.000  0.00  24.77
0  100.00 	
3 	89.08 	0.400 	1.78 	1.860 	8.26 	0.200 	0.89 	22.520 	100.00 	
4 	Alappuzha	 	2.180  56.62  0.120  3.12  1.380  35.84  0.170  4.42  3.850  100.00 	
5 	96.02 	0.050 	0.10 	1.555 	3.23 	0.310 	0.64 	48.122 	100.00 	
6 	Idukki	 	62.189  69.73  3.614  4.05  15.423  17.29  7.964  8.93  89.190  100.00 	
7 	96.72 	0.000 	0.00 	0.710 	3.28 	0.000 	0.00 	21.670 	100.00 	
8 	Thrissur	 	16.910  90.96  0.000  0.00  1.680  9.04  0.000  0.00  18.59 0  100.00 	
9 	Palakkad	 	83.030 	91.19 	5.360 	5.89 	2.660 	2.92 	0.000 	0.00 	91.050 	100.00 	
10 	Malappuram	 	33.880  95.87  0.270  0.76  0.990  2.80  0.200  0.57  35.340  100.00 	
11 	Kozhikode	 	140.810 	98.63 	0.000 	0.00 	1.480 	1.04 	0.470 	0.33 	142.760 	100.00 	
12 	Kannur	 	37.110  92.11  0.800  1.99  1.780  4.42  0.600  1.49  40.290  100.00 	
13 	Kasargod	 	43.900 	95.62 	0.450 	0.98 	1.560 	3.40 	0.000 	0.00 	45.910 	100.00 	
Total	 540.586  90.79  11.164  1.87  33.768  5.67  9.914  1.67  59
5.432  100.00 92.69
89.08
56.62 96.02
69.73 96.72
90.96 95.87

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 27 
 	
Graph 2.6 percentage of Area not cultivated and other use over total area in control plots 
 	
 
 
 	
Graph 2.7    Percentage of Current fallow over tota l area in control plots 	
 0.00 0.00
0.89 4.42
0.64 8.93
0.008.62
6.90 8.26
3.28
9.04 2.80 3.40
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00 0.00 0.40 1.78 3.12
0.10 4.05
0.00 0.00 5.89
0.76
0.00 1.99
0.98
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 28 
 
2.4    Crop Pattern 	
In  order  to  reduce  the  soil  loss  an  appropriate  cropping  pattern  is  essential.    The  selection  of 	
of exposed land surface.   The binding force of the  roots also offers good  resistance to erosion.  Grass 
roots have excellent soil binding property.  Legume s are also good soil binders.  The grasses, legumes 
and  tree  crops  are  classified  as  erosion  preventing   or  soil  conserving  crops  while  cereals,  tapioca, 
ginger, etc. are erosion permitting/erosion favoring crops. 	
Contour farming refers to village practices of appl ying all treatments along contour; i.e. across the 	
direction  of  the  slope.    The  crops  are  cultivated  along  contour  ridges  and  furrows.  In  regions  of  low 
rainfall contour farming helps in the conservation  of rainwater and in human areas it reduces soil los s 
and  increases  recharge  of  aquifers.    This  practice  can  minimize  the  effects  of  flash  floods  and 
has  decreased  from  2370.884  acres  to2370.120    acres .    It  showed    decrease  of  0.03%.    At  the  same

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19  
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 29 
 
time the percentage change occurred in the cultivation of seasonal crops  increased  as 3.16%.   	
The  figures  in  the  table    reveals  that  after  the  introduction  of  soil  conservation  programmes, 	
increase. These are 6.55.%,0.14%, 2.85% ,2.16 % and  0.16% respectively. While the variation of area 
under      Coconut,Arecanut,  Cashew,  Jack,  Papaya  have   decreased  to  0.01%,  9.16%  3.57%,  9.97%   
and 5.88. % respectively after the soil conservation programme.. 	
In  seasonal  crops,  the  cultivation  of  Plantain,  Tap ioca,  Cheera,  chenai,  Elephant  foot  Yam 	
Ginger,  Pineapple  area  increased  considerably.    The   respective  percentage  changes  recorded  as 
19.91%,  27.96%,  42.86%,  14.29%  ,  72.14%,  5.38%,  0.0 1%.  While  the  variation  of  area  under 
Banana, Paddy, and Colacasia    have decreased to 4.69 %, 3.83%, 0.45 %  respectively after the soil 
conservation programme.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 30  Table  2.8         Area wise Crop Pattern before an
d after SC work (Area in Acres)  
 	
 
After SC Work
 
Before SC Work
 
After SC Work
 
Before SC Work
 
After SC Work
 	
Area
 
% 
Area
 
% 
Area
 
% 
Area
 
% 
Area
 
% 
Area
 
% 	
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 	
1 
Thiruvananthapuram
 	
Kasargod
 
251.188 
99.04 
249.970 
99.03 
2.438 
0.96 
2.438 
0.97 
253.626 
100.00 
252.408 
100.00 	
Total
 
2370.884 
95.40 
2370.120 
95.26 
114.244 
4.60 
117.856 
4.74 
2485.128 
100.00 
2487.976 
100.00

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 31  	                
                   Graph   2.8   Percentage of Area under Perennial Crops Before and After SC Work 
 
 
 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
99.79
98.40 98.65
73.17 97.67
95.31
29.87
95.8799.7499.67
98.68 99.73
99.04
99.60
97.53
98.40
74.40
96.95
95.31
29.93 95.08
99.57
99.56
99.3699.75
99.03	
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 32  Graph 2.9   Percentageof Area under Seasonal Crops 
Before and After SC Work 
 
 	
26.83	
70.13	
4.13	
0.26
0.33
1.32
0.27
0.96	
0.40
2.47
4.69	
70.07	
4.92
0.43
0.44
0.64
0.25
0.97	
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00	
Before SC Work
After SC Work

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 33 
 
 
 
 
After the introduction of Soil Conservation works a rea under perennial crops increases in 
Thiruvananthapuram  (89.062  to  91.266),  Kollam(164.5 03  to  165.916),    Alappuzha(9.665  to 
10.250),  Idukki    (195.709  to  207.190),  Malappuram      (192.966to  204.197),      Kannur  (150.733 
to 158.608) and  Thrissur (163.164to 165.759)distri cts. 
Similarly  seasonal  crops  are  increased  in    8  distri cts.    Thiruvananthapuram,    Kollam,  
Alappuzha  etc.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 34  
 
 
 	
Table 2.9 â Area Under Selected Perennial Crops bef
ore and after SC work with percentage of variation. 	
 	
Sl	no 
Districts
 
pepper
 	
 	
After SC 	work
 	
% 	
change
 
 	
After SC 	work
 	
% 	
change
 
 	
After SC 	work
 	
% 	
change
 
 	
After SC 	work
 	
% 	
change
 	
14 	
1 
Thiruvananthapuram
 	
Kasargod
 
5.262 
5.849 
11.16 
149.393 
148.123 
-0.85 
70.226 
70.178 
-0.07 
20.420 
19.973 
-2.19 	
Total
 
55.250 
58.870 
6.55 
1445.656 
1447.899 
0.16 
545.332 
545.278 
-0.01 
57.765 
52.473 
-9.16

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 35  	
Table2.9âContd.........
 
 	
 	 	Sl No 	
 	 	District 	
Jack 	
After SC 	work
 	
% 	
change
 	
After SC 	work
 	
% 	
change
 	
After SC 	work
 	
% 	
change
 	
23 	
1 
Thiruvananthapuram
 	
Kasargod
 
5.030 	
142.470 
2.85 
51.084 
49.260 
- 3.57

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 36  	 Table2.9âContd......... 	 	
Tamarind
 	
After SC
 	
work
 	
% 	
change
 	
After SC
 	
work
 	
% 	
change
 	
After SC
 	
work
 	
% 	
change
 	
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 	
0.011 
0.00 
 
 
 	
2 
Kollam
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
3 
Pathanamthitta
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.104 
0.104 
0.00 	
4 
Alappuzha
 
0.065 
0.073 
12.31 
0.011 
0.011 
0.00 
 
 
 	
5 
Kottayam
 
1.119 
1.119 
0.00 
0.055 
0.055 
0.00 
1.389 
1.388 
-0.07 	
6 
Idukki
 
9.964 
0.85 	
7 
Ernakulam
 
1.226 
1.226 
0.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
8 
Thrissur
 
0.148 
0.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
9 
Palakkad
 
2.430 
2.430 
0.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
10 
Malappuram
 
0.370 
0.00 
0.044 
0.044 
0.00 
 
 
 	
11 
Kozhikode
 
0.482 
0.482 
0.00 
 
 
 
0.203 
0.370 
82.27 	
12 
Kannur
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
13 
Kasargod
 
0.082 
0.082 
0.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
Total
 
5.930 
0.14 
0.121 
0.121 
0.00 
11.576 
11.826 
2.16

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 37  	Table2.9âContd......... 	 	
 	 	
District
 	
Papaya 
Others
 	
After SC
 	
work
 	
% 	
change
 	
After SC
 	
work
 	
% 	
change
 	
After SC
 	
work
 	
% 	
change
 	
34 
35 
37 
38 	
0.000 
NaN 
89.062 
91.266 
2.47 	
2 
Kollam
 
 
 
 
0.000 
0.000 
NaN 
164.503 
165.916 
0.86 	
3 
Pathanamthitta
 
 
 
 
0.185 
0.125 
-32.43 
244.467 
240.510 
-1.62 	
4 
Alappuzha
 
 
 
 
0.000 
0.000 
NaN 
9.665 
10.250 
6.05 	
5 
Kottayam
 
0.060 
0.055 
-8.33 
5.036 
4.990 
-0.91 
274.334 
267.915 
-2.34 	
6 
Idukki
 
7.026 
0.00 
195.709 
207.190 
5.87 	
7 
Ernakulam
 
 
 
 
0.187 
0.187 
0.00 
31.199 
30.677 
-1.67 	
8 
Thrissur
 
0.000 
NaN 
163.164 
165.759 
1.59 	
9 
Palakkad
 
 
 
 
22.733 
22.733 
0.00 
328.071 
313.414 
-4.47 	
10 
Malappuram
 
0.025 
0.00 
0.000 
0.000 
NaN 
192.966 
204.197 
5.82 	
11 
Kozhikode
 
 
 
 
4.231 
2.661 
-37.11 
275.823 
264.448 
-4.12 	
12 
Kannur
 
 
 
 
0.000 
0.000 
NaN 
150.733 
158.608 
5.22 	
13 
Kasargod
 
 
 
 
0.311 
0.311 
0.00 
251.188 
249.970 
-0.48 	
Total
 
0.080 
-5.88 
39.709 
38.033 
-4.22 
2370.884 
2370.120 
-0.03

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 38 
 
 
Table  2.9  shows    the  area  under  some  major  perennia l  crops  such  as,  Pepper,  Rubber, 
Coconut, Arecanut, Mango, Jack, Cashew etc before a nd after Soil Conservation works .In case 
of  area  of  Pepper  major    increase  can  be  seen  in  Ko llam  (18.24%),  Kozhikode  (23.51%)  & 
Kasargod (11.16%).  
.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 39  
 
 
Table 2.10 - Area Under Selected Seasonal Crops bef ore and after SC work with percentage of variation. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 	Sl.No
 	 	
District
 	
Plantain
 
Banana
 	
After SC
 	
Work
 	
% 
After SC
 	
Work
 	
% 
After SC
 	
Work
 	
% change	
Kasaragod
 
1.228 
1.228 
0.00 
0.962 
0.962 
0.00 
0.248 
0.248 
0.00 	
Total
 
15.206 
18.234 
19.91 
14.470 
13.792 
-4.69 
7.948 
7.949 
0.01

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 40  
 
Table 2.10 âContd..... 
 	
After SC
 	
Work
 	
% 
After SC
 	
Work
 	
% change
After SC
 	
Work
 	
% 	
Kasaragod
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
Total
 
9.870 
12.630 
27.96 
0.070 
0.100 
42.86 
62.690 
60.290 
-3.83

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 41  Table 2.10 âContd..... 
 	
 	
District
 	
Ginger
 
 Chenai
 
Elephant Foot Yam
 	
Before SC
After SC
 	
Work
 	
% 
After SC
 	
Work
 	
% 
After SC
 	
Work
 	
% 	
Kasaragod
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
Total
 
1.300 
1.370 
5.38 
0.070 
0.080 
14.29 
0.140 
0.241 
72.14

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 42  
 
Table 2.10 âContd..... 
 
 	
 	
District
 	
Colacasia
 
Turmeric
 
Greengram
 	
Before 
After SC 	Work
 	
% 
After SC 	Work
 	
% 
After SC 	Work
 	
% 	
Kasaragod
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
Total
 
0.440 
0.350 
-20.45 
0.340 
0.340 
0.00 
0.300 
0.300 
0.00

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 43  
 
 
Table 2.10 âContd..... 
 	
 	
District
 	
Others
 	
After SC 	Work
 	
% change
 
After SC 	Work
 	
% change	
Kasaragod
 
 
 
 
2.438 
2.438 
 	
Total
 
1.400 
2.180 
55.71 
114.244 
117.856 
3.16

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 44  
 
Table 2.11 âDetails of Crop wise production and Val ue of Perennial Crops. 
 	
After SC Work
 
Value at 	Constant 	Price
 	
% Change 	
over 	
Production
 
Production
 
Value
 
Production
 
Value
 	
 	
Thiruvananthapuram	 	
pepper(Pepper dry) 
Quintal 
0.570 
32866.44 
0.760 
29640.00 
43821.92 
33.333 	
pepper(Pepper green) 
Quintal 
6.700 
121437.50 
10.120 
158125.00 
183425.00 
51.045 	
Rubber(Rubber ungarbled) 
Quintal 
619.800 
6598824.73 
721.500 
8171709.00 
7681594.05 
16.409 	
coconut(With husk) 
Number
 
11170.000 
194916.50 
11785.000 
221204.45 
205648.25 
5.506 	
Arecanut 
Number
 
1295.000 
2369.85 
1665.000 
3146.85 
3046.95 
28.571 	
mango 
Quintal 
17.550 
49359.39 
24.600 
116850.00 
69187.50 
40.171 	
Cashew 
Quintal 
0.120 
864.75 
0.150 
1875.00 
1080.94 
25.000 	
Tamarind(Tamarind without 	seed and husk) 	
Quintal 
0.200 
1612.50 
0.240 
0.00 
1935.00 
20.000 	
Total
 
 
 
7002251.66 
 
8702550.30 
8189739.61

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 45  
 	
Table 2.11âContd.....
 
 	
 	District
  	
Name of crops
 	
After SC Work
 
Value at 	Constant 	Price
 	
% 	
Change 	over 	
Production
 
Production
 
Value
 
Production
 
Value
 	
 	
Kollam	 	
pepper(Pepper dry) 
Quintal 
0.360 
20605.71 
0.416 
18015.71 
23811.05 
15.556 	
pepper(Pepper green) 
Quintal 
8.955 
208949.98 
9.935 
136526.75 
231816.63 
10.944 	
Rubber(Rubber ungarbled) 
Quintal 
734.720 
8171210.56 
955.750 
11136399.00 
10629402.30 
30.084 	
Coconut(With husk) 
Number
 
29948.000 
626512.16 
32193.000 
813195.18 
673477.56 
7.496 	
Coconut(With out husk) 
Number
 
352.000 
7360.32 
368.000 
9303.04 
7694.88 
4.545 	
Arecanut 
Number
 
16938.000 
28117.08 
17758.000 
35338.42 
29478.28 
4.841 	
Jack 
Quintal 
141.330 
117224.76 
151.940 
306614.92 
126025.11 
7.507 	
mango 
Quintal 
2.930 
6359.95 
3.130 
8394.66 
6794.07 
6.826 	
Cashew 
Quintal 
0.370 
2912.72 
0.420 
5576.76 
3306.33 
13.514 	
Total
 
 
 
9189253.24 
 
12469364.44 
11731806.22

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 46  	
Table 2.11âContd.....
 
 	
   	District
 
 	
Name of crops
 	
After SC Work
 
Value at 	Constan	t Price
 	
% 	
 
Quintal 
0.410 
0.00 
0.500 
7423.50 
0.00 
21.951 	
Tamarind(Tamarind without 	seed and husk) 	
Quintal 
0.040 
0.00 
0.050 
855.20 
0.00 
25.000 	
Total
 
 
 
555774.70 
 
738821.12 
570048.27

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 47  
 	
Table 2.11âContd.... 	
After SC Work
 
 
Value at 	Constant 	Price
 	
% Change 	
 
Quintal 
10.554 
281000.25 
14.338 
238684.69 
381749.25 
35.854 	
Coco(without husk) 
Quintal 
19.480 
99429.27 
23.380 
81432.54 
119335.49 
20.021 	
Coffee(Dry Robusta) 
Quintal 
16.600 
118275.00 
19.820 
146053.58 
141217.50 
19.398 	
Total
 
 
 
18958200.23 
 
26711384.23 
27222606.62 
 	
.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 48  	
Table 2.11âContd.....
 
 	
 	District
 	
 	
Name of crops
 	
After SC Work
 
Value at 	Constant 	Price
 	
% Change 	
over 	
Production
 
Production
 
Value
 
Production
 
Value
 	
 	
Idukki	 	
pepper(Pepper dry) 
Quintal 
57.910 
3641010.68 
66.260 
2660339.00 
4166005.40 
14.419 	
Rubber(Rubber garbled) 
Quintal 
894.740 
10739984.75 
928.000 
11199104.00 
11139220.16 
3.717 	
Rubber(Rubber ungarbled) 
Quintal 
12.000 
129833.28 
12.100 
132507.10 
130915.22 
0.833 	
coconut(With out husk) 
Number
 
50731.000 
1007010.35 
55650.000 
1113000.00 
1104652.50 
9.696 	
Arecanut 
Number
 
90350.000 
112937.50 
94204.000 
57464.44 
117755.00 
4.266 	
Jack 
Quintal 
322.610 
0.00 
330.810 
241160.49 
0.00 
2.542 	
mango 
Quintal 
139.350 
0.00 
146.790 
220185.00 
0.00 
5.339 	
coco(with husk) 
Quintal 
211.400 
189600.44 
221.930 
174880.84 
199044.58 
4.981 	
coffee(Dry robusta) 
Quintal 
149.450 
1074274.97 
155.650 
1013437.15 
1118841.77 
4.149 	
Total
 	
 
 
16894651.97 
 
16812078.02 
17976434.63

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 49  
 	
Table 2.11âContd.....
 
 	
District
  	
Name of crops
 	
After SC Work
 
Value at 	Constant 	Price
 	
% Change 	
 
Quintal 
21.200 
562987.20 
25.060 
438950.96 
665493.36 
18.208 	
coco(without husk) 
Quintal 
3.940 
17954.34 
4.800 
22230.01 
21873.31 
21.827 	
Total
 
 
 
2909362.29 
 
3172923.56 
3340422.42 
 	
 	
Thrissur	 	
pepper(Pepper dry) 
Quintal 
1.080 
64878.84 
1.410 
55314.30 
84702.93 
30.556 	
Rubber(Rubber garbled) 
Quintal 
656.200 
7925071.77 
777.100 
9661684.30 
9385207.66 
18.424 	
coconut(With out husk) 
Number
 
89865.000 
1258110.00 
122935.000 
2222664.80 
1721090.00 
36.800 	
Arecanut 
Number
 
320400.000 
637596.00 
483600.000 
768924.00 
962364.00 
50.936 	
Jack 
Quintal 
14.000 
7112.00 
15.900 
15900.00 
8077.20 
13.571 	
mango 
Quintal 
1.700 
3902.90 
2.050 
7453.80 
4706.45 
20.588 	
Total
 
 
 
9905790.01 
 
12744973.17 
12178146.11

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 50  Table 2.11 âContd..... 
 	
After SC Work
 
Value at 	Constant 	Price
 	
% Change 	
 
Quintal 	
229067.79
4.410
266189.45
16.206	
Rubber(Rubber ungarbled) 
Quintal 
1573.980
17773382.16
17482384.74
8.850	
coconut(With out husk) 
16.072	
Arecanut 
Number
 
356204.000
404360.000	
Mango 	Nutmeg
 
Quintal 	
0.960
5333.76
2520.00
47.692	
 
23743880.34
 
25169024.68

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 51  
 
Table 2.11 âContd.... 	
After SC Work
 
Value at 	
Constant Price
 	
% Change 	
 
Quintal 
1.460 
37767.28 
1.560 
29256.24 
40354.08 
6.849 	
coco(without husk) 
Quintal 
15.330 
65770.01 
18.390 
67472.91 
0.00 
19.961 	
coffee(Dry plantation) 
Quintal 
2.300 
16111.50 
2.610 
17011.98 
18283.05 
13.478 	
coffee(Dry robusta) 
Quintal 
0.300 
2220.00 
0.400 
2446.80 
2960.00 
33.333 	
Total
 
 
 
15811585.71 
 
27963656.49 
24778376.61 
 	
Kannur	 	
pepper(Pepper dry) 
Quintal 
3.610 
217509.72 
4.820 
182355.06 
290414.64 
33.518 	
Rubber(Rubber ungarbled) 
Quintal 
362.700 
3789206.68 
501.350 
5679292.80 
5237713.75 
38.227 	
coconut(With husk) 
Number
 
18785.000 
216778.90 
20835.000 
354195.00 
240435.90 
10.913 	
Arecanut 
Number
 
66100.000 
111709.00 
72800.000 
131040.00 
123032.00 
10.136 	
Cashew 
Quintal 
77.950 
600526.80 
84.590 
1121409.63 
651681.36 
8.518 	
Total
 
 
 
4935731.10 
 
7468292.49 
6543277.65

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 52   
Table 2.11 âContd..... 
. 	
After SC Work
 
 	
Value at 	
Constant Price
 	
% Change 	
 
Quintal 
1.950 
59800.65 
2.000 
32626.00 
61334.00 
2.564 	
coco(without husk) 
Quintal 
7.650 
37676.25 
8.190 
33402.18 
40335.75 
7.059 	
Total
 
 
 
35935135.06 
 
38985505.82 
37618253.62

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 53  
 
Table 2.11 âContd..... 
 	
After SC Work
 
Value at 	Constant 	Price
 	
% Change 	
  Quintal  48.824  1306777.28  60.118  1044165.81  160842 3.39  23.132 	
Tamarind(Tamarind without 	seed and husk) 	
Quintal 
0.240 
1612.50 
0.290 
855.20 
1935.00 
20.833 	
Tamarind(Tamarind with seed 	and husk) 	
Quintal 
0.650 
1706.25 
0.960 
5333.76 
2520.00 
47.692 	
coco(with husk) 
Quintal 
212.100 
192886.29 
221.930 
174880.84 
199044.58 
4.635 	
coco(without husk) 
Quintal 
146.520 
671369.87 
165.760 
1738446.64 
681044.56 
13.131 	
coffee(Dry plantation) 
Quintal 
2.300 
16111.50 
2.610 
17011.98 
18283.05 
13.478 	
coffee(Dry robusta) 
Quintal 
166.350 
1194769.97 
175.870 
1161937.53 
1263019.27 
5.723 	
Total
 
 
 
182386026.89 
 
247221033.81 
216822386.69

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 54 
 
 
 
The  crop  wise  yield  and  value  as  per  the  year  2018- 19  is  calculated  in  Table  2.11.  In 
Thiruvananthapuram  most  of  all  perennial  crops  show s  hike  in  quantity  and  price  after  Soil 
Conservation works. 
 In Kollam which illustrates high value of quantity  and value of price in all perennial crops 
mentioned in the table. Rubber shows as 30% of rise . 
Pepper,  Rubber,  Arecanut&  Coconut  are  indicated  in  Pathanamthitta  district  which 
expresses  an  increase  in  quantity  and  value  as  well .  Among  these,  rubber  points  to  13.28%  of 
rise. 
Alappuzha,  Idukki,  Eranakulam,  Thrissur,  Kannur  and   Kasargod  show  an  increase  in  all 
crops.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 55  
 	
Table 2.12- Crop wise yield and value of Seasonal c
rops.
 
 	
 	
District
 	
 	
Name of crops
 	
After SC Work
 
Value at 	Constant 	Price
 	
% Change 	
over 	
Production
 	
Production
 
Value
 
Production
 
Value
 	
 	
Thiruvanantha	puram	 
plantain 
Quintal 
7.500 
11878.85 
7.420 
20427.26 
11752.17 
-1.067 	
banana 
Quintal 
4.060 
14330.54 
9.210 
42412.05 
32508.44 
126.847 	
Tapioca(Tapioca raw) 
Quintal 
2.500 
2313.80 
9.950 
15263.30 
9208.92 
298.000 	
Total
 
 
 
28523.19 
 
78102.61 
53469.54 
 	
Kollam 	
plantain 
Quintal 
51.060 
97056.38 
71.030 
168554.19 
135015.95 
39.111 	
banana 
Quintal 
26.240 
108666.40 
49.230 
237288.60 
203873.74 
87.614 	
Tapioca(Tapioca raw) 
Quintal 
56.290 
0.00 
246.900 
270355.50 
0.00 
338.621 	
Ginger(Ginger green) 
Quintal 
11.060 
78817.87 
12.490 
65884.75 
89008.61 
12.929 	
Elephant Foot yam 
Quintal 
4.000 
9433.20 
14.840 
44297.40 
34997.17 
271.000 	
Turmeric (Turmeric green) 
Quintal 
6.340 
14053.70 
7.525 
17811.68 
16680.44 
18.691 	
Total 
 
 
308027.55 
 
804192.12 
479575.92

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 56  	
Table â2.12 Contd...
 
 
 	
District
   
Name of crops
   
Units
  	
Before SC Work
 
 
After SC Work
 
Value at 	Constant 	Price
 	
% Change 
over 
Production	
 	
cheera 	Cowpea 
Quintal 
1.600 
7294.40 
2.550 
13158.00 
11625.45 
59.375 	
Vazhuthana  Quintal  0.480  1290.00  0.300  818.10  806.2 5  -37.500 	Ladies finger 
Quintal 
1.800 
4320.00 
1.900 
6750.70 
4560.00 
5.556 	
Bittergourd  Quintal  0.900  3311.67  0.900  4309.20  3311.67  0.000 	Chillies green 
Quintal 
0.800 
3200.00 
0.900 
0.00 
3600.00 
12.500 	
Total
     173039.15    245390.07  196006.54

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 57  	
Table â2.12Contd... 
 	
After SC Work
 
Value at 	Constant 	Price
 	
% Change 	
Quintal 
49.690 
72878.87 
75.360 
148986.72 
110528.25 
51.660 	
banana 
Quintal 
172.550 
590264.20 
244.750 
992706.00 
837248.14 
41.843 	
pineapple 
Quintal 
1.010 
1764.35 
1.350 
2632.50 
2358.29 
33.663 	
Tapioca(Tapioca raw) 
Quintal 
521.700 
592833.75 
824.070 
967458.18 
936431.94 
57.959 	
Ginger(Ginger green) 
Quintal 
6.140 
29271.59 
8.000 
29744.00 
38138.88 
30.293 	
Elephant Foot yam 
Quintal 
0.240 
550.90 
0.300 
804.30 
688.63 
25.000 	
Cowpea 
Quintal 
0.200 
722.75 
0.450 
1899.90 
1626.19 
125.000 	
Turmeric (Turmeric green) 
Quintal 
5.330 
10660.00 
7.300 
13665.60 
14600.00 
36.961 	
Total
 	
Quintal 
404.890 
636786.66 
447.200 
794227.20 
703329.33 
10.450 	
banana 
Quintal 
180.930 
539773.86 
202.030 
707913.12 
602722.16 
11.662 	
pineapple 
Quintal 
166.100 
224235.00 
171.000 
299250.00 
230850.00 
2.950 	
Tapioca(Tapioca raw) 
Quintal 
351.350 
397830.09 
376.650 
522036.90 
426477.03 
7.201 	
Total
 	
 
1798625.61 
 
2323427.22 
1963378.52

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 58  	
Table â2.12 Contd... 	
 	
After SC Work
 
Value at 	Constant 	Price
 	
% Change 	
 
71.820
 
389879.89
 
107701.27
 
30.487
 	
banana
 
329.780
 
1256303.50
 
1060130.57
 
8.171	
 
Quintal
 
152.990
 
326124.19
 
315653.56
 
21.681	
 
Quintal
 
625158.06
 
28.237	
 
2831.82
 
Infinity
 	
Paddy(Paddy High yeild) 
Quintal 
1515.900 
2367835.80 
1565.420 
3238853.98 
2445186.04 
3.267 	
Cowpea	
 
6.000
 
24220.86
 
33.333
 	
Snake gourd
 
Quintal
 
28.571	
 
 
6024111.37 
4599199.88

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 59  	
Table â2.12 Contd...
 
 	
District
 
 	
Name of crops
 	
After SC Work
 
Value at 	Constant 	Price
 	
% Change 	
Quintal 
200.200 
256422.12 
315.200 
558849.60 
403717.62 
57.443 	
banana 
Quintal 
6.000 
20057.52 
8.100 
32327.10 
27077.65 
35.000 	
Tapioca(Tapioca raw) 
Quintal 
 
 
1.000 
1750.00 
1342.00 
 	
Paddy(Paddy High yeild) 
Quintal 
31.000 
56374.12 
31.700 
66601.70 
57647.08 
2.258 	
Total
 	
Quintal 
66.500 
186088.95 
67.200 
243264.00 
188047.78 
1.053 	
Cowpea 
Quintal 
0.000 
0.00 
9.600 
37459.20 
23280.00 
 	
Total
 	
Quintal 
50.490 
71737.69 
64.830 
144181.92 
92112.41 
28.402 	
banana 
Quintal 
12.000 
34398.36 
13.000 
46488.00 
37264.89 
8.333 	
pineapple 
Quintal 
0.400 
820.00 
0.500 
0.00 
1025.00 
25.000 	
Cowpea 
Quintal 
0.200 
508.92 
0.350 
1261.40 
890.60 
75.000 	
Cucumber 
Quintal 
0.000 
0.00 
0.200 
253.40 
154.47 
Infinity 	
Snake gourd 
Quintal 
0.000 
0.00 
0.200 
400.60 
230.64 
Infinity 	
Total
 
 
 
107464.97 
 
192585.32 
131678.01

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 60  
 	
Table â2.12 Contd...
 
 	
 	
District
 	
 	
Name of crops
 	
After SC Work
 
Value at 	Constant 	Price
 	
 	
% Change 	
Quintal 
32.240 
53845.34 
46.430 
84688.32 
77544.60 
44.014 	
Banana 
Quintal 
212.535 
674945.30 
27.385 
47595.13 
86966.27 
-87.115 	
Tapioca(Tapioca raw) 
Quintal 
11.100 
13231.30 
12.900 
20536.80 
15376.93 
16.216 	
Cheera 
Quintal 
0.140 
210.00 
0.140 
247.66 
210.00 
0.000 	
Ginger(Ginger green) 
Quintal 
0.400 
1801.67 
0.500 
980.00 
2252.09 
25.000 	
Elephant Foot yam 
Quintal 
2.000 
3866.65 
2.350 
5170.00 
4543.33 
17.500 	
Colocasia 
Quintal 
5.940 
17999.41 
7.110 
16680.06 
21544.79 
19.697 	
Total
 	
Quintal 
10.600 
21369.27 
11.050 
22376.25 
22276.47 
4.245 	
Banana 
Quintal 
4.000 
12752.76 
4.250 
16966.00 
13549.81 
6.250 	
Tapioca(Tapioca raw) 
Quintal 
4.800 
6133.34 
5.000 
9160.00 
6388.90 
4.167 	
Total
 	
Quintal 
39.088 
73615.60 
43.618 
116314.83 
82147.09 
11.589 	
banana 
Quintal 
90.780 
264585.57 
98.580 
38651542.14 
287319.30 
8.592 	
pineapple 
Quintal 
8.800 
21120.00 
9.300 
24296.25 
22320.00 
5.682 	
Total
 	
 
 
359321.17 
 
38792153.22 
391786.38

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 61  	 
Table â2.12 Contd... 	 	
After SC Work
 
Value at 	Constant 	Price
 	
% Change 	
over 	
Production
 	
Production
 
Value
 
Production
 
Value
 	
 	
KERALA	 
 	
plantain 
Quintal 
938.508 
1434345.77 
1202.218 
2539574.28 
1817698.28 
28.099 	
banana 
Quintal 
1082.925 
3434411.97 
1056.645 
42288044.17 
3387515.15 
-2.427 	
pineapple 
Quintal 
302.040 
507349.24 
335.140 
652302.94 
572206.85 
10.959 	
Tapioca(Tapioca raw) 
Quintal 
1430.180 
1509170.04 
2101.170 
2586517.26 
2040177.04 
46.916 	
cheera 
Quintal 
1.140 
4677.86 
2.590 
5489.33 
5052.36 
127.193 	
Paddy(Paddy High yeild) 
Quintal 
1583.260 
2491112.32 
1634.580 
3391726.06 
2571759.52 
3.241 	
Ginger(Ginger green) 
Quintal 
17.900 
112033.99 
21.350 
98468.15 
131971.01 
19.274 	
Elephant Foot yam 
Quintal 
6.240 
13850.75 
17.490 
50271.70 
40229.12 
180.288 	
Colocasia 
Quintal 
18.290 
59548.39 
21.510 
83769.66 
69990.57 
17.605 	
Cowpea 
Quintal 
3.000 
12235.51 
14.450 
61358.91 
42986.40 
381.667 	
Vazhuthana 
Quintal 
0.480 
1290.00 
0.300 
818.10 
806.25 
-37.500 	
Cucumber 
Quintal 
0.000 
0.00 
0.200 
253.40 
154.47 
Infinity 	
Ladies finger 
Quintal 
1.800 
4320.00 
1.900 
6750.70 
4560.00 
5.556 	
Ashgourd 
Quintal 
2.000 
2299.84 
3.000 
4130.64 
3449.76 
50.000 	
Bittergourd 
Quintal 
5.400 
17441.99 
6.900 
28530.06 
22152.09 
27.778 	
Snake gourd 
Quintal 
7.000 
11421.06 
9.200 
19414.00 
14914.86 
31.429 	
Chillies green 
Quintal 
0.800 
3200.00 
0.900 
0.00 
3600.00 
12.500 	
Turmeric (Turmeric green) 
Quintal 
11.670 
24713.70 
14.825 
31477.28 
31280.44 
27.035 	
Total 
 
 
9643422.43 
 
51848896.64 
10760504.16

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 62  	
 
Table-2.13 Quantity and Value of Selected perennial and seasonal crops 	 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
Name of crops   
Units  Before SC Work  After SC Work  Value 
at 
Constan
t Price  % Change 
over 
production 	
188.398
11626017.31 215.878
 
8529319.12 13316466.67 14.586	
39.935
788470.18 54.695
 
659514.87 1068783.08 36.960	
Rubber(Rubber garbled) 
Quintal 
2752.230
3514.700
 
43364819.85
42152267.48
27.704	
6745.415
73470094.04 8285.505
 
94289097.10 90215090.41 22.832	
Coconut(With husk) 
Number 
1541993.000
20898203.94	
747802.000
9442941.53 855270.000	
Number 
6876607.000
9563799.77	
Jack  Quintal 
860.410	
Quintal 
11595.470
19385891.58
12837.910
 
39375736.44
21481330.28
10.715	
Cashew  Quintal 
88.178
666897.15 96.543
 
1263497.05 728850.57 9.486	
Nutmeg 
Quintal 
48.824
1306777.28
60.118
 
1044165.81
1608423.39
23.132	
Tamarind(Tamarind without seed and 
husk)  Quintal 	
0.240
1612.50 0.290
 
855.20 1935.00 20.833	
Quintal 
0.650
1706.25
0.960
 
5333.76	
Coco(with husk)  Quintal 
212.100	
Coco (without husk) 
Quintal 
146.520
671369.87
165.760
 
1738446.64
681044.56
13.131	
Coffee(Dry plantation)  Quintal 
2.300	
Coffee (Dry robusta) 
Quintal 
166.350
1194769.97
175.870
 
1161937.53
1263019.27
5.723	
 
  247221033.81
 216822386.69

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 63  
   
 	
 
Table â2.13 Contd...	
 
     
Name of crops   
Units  Before SC Work  After SC Work 	
Tapioca(Tapioca raw) 	Elephant Foot yam 
Quintal 	
Cowpea 
Quintal 	
 227582890.84

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 64  
 
 	 
Table-2.14  Total Income, Expenditure and Net Income
 of beneficiaries (Rs) 	 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sl 
No   
 	
Name of District
 	
Income (Rs)
 
Expenditure (Rs)
 
Net Income (Rs)
 	
Before SC 
After SC 	Work
 	
Before SC 
After SC Work
 
Before 
After SC 	Work
 
Wages  Fertilizers  Pesticides  Others  Total 	
8 
Thrissur 	
12 
Kannur 
4975986.47 	
State 
192029449.32 
299069930.45 
83172157.00 
77845576.00 
12645226.00 
3242530.00 
13337539.00 
107070871.00 
108867993.99 
191999059.45

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 65  
 
 
 
 
 	
 
Graph -2.10 Net Income of beneficiaries Before and 
After SC Work	
 
 
 
 
     
 	
   	
3600349.85
5301512.79
2067478.89
345313.85 11971497.64
9901378.58
3284810.22 5819143.77
18010854.59
11236140.06
9095417.05
2487236.47 25746860.23
539751.19	
16794876.43	
9452157.24	
16308304.46	
4182844.74	
65427431.04	
0.00
10000000.00
20000000.00
30000000.00
40000000.00
50000000.00
60000000.00	
70000000.00	
Before SC Work	After SC Work

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 
 	Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 66   
 
 	           Table-2.15 Income, Expenditure and Net I ncome of Control Plots 	 	
Sl No:
 
Name of District
 
Income (Rs)
 
Expenditure (Rs)
 
Net Income (Rs)
 	
1 
Thiruvananthapuram
 	
Kasargod
 
45.910 
32535838.14 
2460035.00 
30075803.14 	
 
State
 595.432  62005246.71  17315060.00  44690186.71

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 67 
 
 
Graph -2.11 Income & Expenditure of Control Plots i n rupees 
 	
 
 
 
 	
Graph -2.12 Net Income of Control Plot in Rupees 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
   	
778480.53
1045252.22
1007112.57
163660.89 3545745.124810713.20
1735430.88
982675.59 6728474.80
2821898.38 4198590.31
1651374.08 32535838.14356630.00	520225.00 Expenditure (Rs)	
421850.53
525027.22
353842.57
74460.89 1774775.12
2301883.20
701730.88
587275.59
3885674.80
1567598.38
1593390.31
826874.08
30075803.14	
0.00
5000000.00
10000000.00
15000000.00
20000000.00
25000000.00
30000000.00
35000000.00

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 68 
 	
 
 
Table-2.16   Net income per acre before and after s oil 
conservationprogramme 
 	
3600349.85 	39822.47 	90.410 	4522182.91 	50018.61 	
2 	Kollam	 	161.910 	5301512.79 	32743.58 	161.910 	7586246.56 	46854.71 	
3 	2067478.89 	10284.43 	200.990 	2938174.09 	14618.51 	
4 	345313.85 	27104.70 	12.990 	539751.19 	41551.28 	
5 	11971497.64 	47063.14 	250.227 	16794876.43 	67118.56 	
6 	9901378.58 	47943.22 	217.430 	9452157.24 	43472.19 	
7 	3284810.22 	31697.48 	102.230 	4540549.93 	44415.04 	
8 	Thrissur	 	5819143.77 	30836.44 	188.710 	7592401.57 	40233.17 	
9 	Palakkad	 	468.435 	18010854.59 	38448.99 	468.435 	38619753.10 	82444.21 	
10 	Malappuram	 	11236140.06 	57438.61 	196.470 	13494386.19 	68684.21 	
11 	Kozhikode	 	275.440 	9095417.05 	33021.41 	275.440 	16308304.46 	59208.19 	
12 	Kannur	 	181.700 	2487236.47 	13688.70 	181.700 	4182844.74 	23020.61 	
13 	Kasargod	 	254.310 	25746860.23 	101242.0	
3 	
254.310 	65427431.04 	257274.31 	
State	 	2594.829 	108867993.99	 	41955.75	 	2601.252	 	191999059.45	 	73810.25

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 69 
 	
 
Graph -2.13      Cultivated   Area  in Acre Before and    After SC Work 
 
 
 
 
Graph -2.14  Net Income in Rupees Before and   After  SC Work 
 
 
 
 
   	
90.410
161.910
201.030
12.740 254.371
206.523
103.630
188.710 468.435
195.620 275.440
181.700 254.310
90.410
161.910
200.990
12.990 250.227
217.430
102.230
188.710 468.435
196.470 275.440
181.700 254.310	
0.000
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
250.000
300.000
350.000
400.000
450.000
500.000 Before sc work After sc work	
3600349.85
5301512.79
2067478.89
345313.85 11971497.64
9901378.58
3284810.22 5819143.77
18010854.59
11236140.06
9095417.05
2487236.47
25746860.234522182.917586246.56
2938174.09
539751.19 16794876.43
9452157.24
4540549.93
7592401.57 38619753.10
13494386.19 16308304.46
4182844.74 65427431.04 0.0010000000.0020000000.0030000000.0040000000.0050000000.0060000000.0070000000.00
Before SC Work After SC Work

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 70 
 	
 
 
 
Graph -2.15 Net Income per Acre in Rupees Before and   After SC Work 
 
 	
  0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000 Before SC work After SC work

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 71 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 2.17  Income per acre in the Control Plots 
 
 
 	
Sl No:	 	Name of District	 	Area cultivated	 	
in acre	 	
Net Income (Rs)	 	Net Income per Acre	 	
(Rs)	 	
1 	2 	3 	
 	
2 	Kollam	 	22.960	 	22867.04	
 	34156.37	 	
5 	Kottayam	 	 	38408.89	 	
6 	 	2301883.20	
 	33479.53	 	
8 	Thrissur	 	 	34729.48	 	
9 	Palakkad	 	83.030	
 	46269.14	 	
11	 	Kozhikode	 	140.810	 	1593390.31	 	11315.89	 	
12	 	Kannur	 	37.110	 	826874.08	 	22281.71	
43.900	 	30075803.14	 	685098.02	 	
State	 	540.586 	44690186.71 	82669.83

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 72 
 
 
 	
Graph-2.16  District Wise cultivated Area in Acres in the ControlPlots 	
 
 	
 
 
   
 
 	
10.390
22.960
20.060
2.180 46.20762.189
20.960
16.910 83.030
33.880 140.810
37.110 43.900	
0.000
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
160.000

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 73 
 	
 
Graph -2.17 District wise Net Income per Acre in Ru pees in control plots 
 
 	
 
   
 
 	
22867.04	37014.31	33479.53	34729.48	46798.44	46269.14	
11315.89	22281.71

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 74 
 	
 	 	
 	2.6   Cost Benefit Analysis of Soil Conservation Programme 	
 	
Productive benefits are the direct returns from the programmes implemented.  In  
regular  agricultural  lands,  increase  in  the  yield  p rovides  the  productive  benefits.  In 
addition,  production  from  degraded  land,  which  are  cultivated  after  the  soil 
conservation measures are also taken into considera tion. 
Protective  benefits  are  the  intangible  benefits  der ived  from  implementation  of 
soil  conservation    programme.  These  benefits  are  mo re  stable  and  provide  base  for  the 
continued prosperity in the area. In the case of ag ricultural land, protective benefits are  
assessed  in    terms  of  these  increased  values  becaus e  of  the  prevention  of  further  soil 
erosion and its increased productive potentialities . 
In the light of the present study an attempt is mad e for cost benefit analysis with 
the  collected  data.  Total  cost  incurred  for  the  soi l  conservation  works,  including 
maintenance work for the year 2018-19 isRs.12490782 1/-. 
The  total  area  under  cultivation  after  soil  conserv ation  work  was  2601.252 
acres.  The  value  of  crops  before  the  soil  conservat ion  programme  comes  to 
Rs192029449.32The  value  of  crops  after  the  implemen tation  of  soil  conservation 
programme  has  also  been  calculated  as  Rs.299069930. 45/-.    It  is  estimated  that  the 
value at constant price as Rs.227582890.84/- 
Several  benefits  flow  from  the  soil  conservation  pr ogramme    implementation, 
three of them, which derive special attentions are  taken up for consideration.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 75 
 
 
They are: 
a.	
 Extension of area under cultivation 
b.
 Increase in productivity 
c.
 Diversification of cropping pattern 
 	
a)	 Extension of area under cultivation  The  study  revealed  that  6.423  (the  difference  betwe en  the  area  of 
cultivation before and after sc work) acres of land  has been additionally brought under 
cultivation  after    soil  conservation    programme  .  T his  benefit  is  achieved  only  due  to 
the implementation  of  soil conservation programme . 	
b)	 Increase in  Production 
     Production  also  increased  due  to  the  implementat ion  of  soil  conservation 
programme.  In  the  case  of  perennial  crops  productio n  of    Nutmeg  23.13  %,  Coco  (with 
husk)  4.64%,  Mango  10.72%,  Pepper  dry  14.59%,  Rubbe r  (garbled)  27.70%,  Coco 
(without    husk)13.13%,  Pepper  (green)  36.96.%  incre ased.    In  the  case  of  seasonal 
crops, percentage increase in production elephant  f ootYam 180.29%,Colocasia17.61 %,  
Pineapple 10.96.% , Plantain 28.10 % and Ginger 19. 27  % respectively. 	
c) Diversification of cropping pattern 
 	
     Soil  Conservation  Programmes  increased  the  soil  capacity  and  which 
facilitates  the  cultivation  of  more  remunerative  cr ops.  This  advantage    can    be  reaped 
in  full,  only  if  the  conservation  programmes  are  fo llowed  properly,  i.e.  the 
dissemination  of  new  techniques  of  production,  adeq uate  provision  of  inputs  and 
service  which  will  promote  the  land  to  improve  prod uction..  The  conservation 
programmes  will  lead  to  the  growing    of    seasonal  c rops  will  accelerate  conservation 
of soil more effectively and potentially.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 76 
 
 	
Chapter III

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 77 
 	
 
Table-3.1  Opinion of beneficiaries about effectiven ess of bunds, Fertility of 
the soil and Moisture retention  
 	
Sl No
 	
 
 
Name of District	 	
Effectiveness of Bunds	 	Fertility of soil	 	Moisture Retention	 	
Total
 	
 	
Effective
 	
 	Moderately 	Effective
 	
 	
No Effect
 	
Remarkably 	Improved
 	
Moderately 	Improved
 	
No 	
Improvement 	Substantially 	Increased
 	
Moderately 	Increased
 	
No Change
 	
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12 
1 	Thiruvananthapuram 	0 	104 	0 	0 	104 	0 	0 	104 	0 	104 	
2  Kollam  0  283  0  0  283  0  0  283  0  283 
3 	Pathanamthitta 	1 	140 	0 	1 	140 	0 	0 	141 	0 	141 	
4  Alappuzha 67  71  0  0  138  0  0  134  4  138 
5 	Kottayam 	34 	116 	0 	0 	150 	0 	0 	150 	0 	150 	
6  Idukki 193  2  1  7  189  0  1  195  0  196 
7 	Ernakulam 	128 	10 	0 	34 	104 	0 	12 	126 	0 	138 	
8  Thrissur  0  125  0  0  125  0  0  125  0  125 
9 	Palakkad 	0 	101 	0 	0 	101 	0 	0 	100 	1 	101 	
10  Malappuram  0  101  3  0  101  3  0  101  3  104 
11 	Kozhikode 	24 	164 	0 	2 	186 	0 	1 	187 	0 	188 	
12  Kannur 1  149  0  0  150  0  1  149  0  150 
13 	Kasargod 	50 	119 	2 	25 	140 	6 	17 	149 	5 	171 	
state 	498  1485  6  69  1911  9  32  1944  13  1989

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 78 
 	
 
 
 Table-3.2   Opinion of   beneficiaries  about Conditions of Bund 
 
 	
Sl No   
Name of District  Bund Condition 
 
Total 	
0 	0 	104 	
2  Kollam  274  9  0  283 
3 	Pathanamthitta 	141 	0 	0 	141 	
4  Alappuzha  92  46  0  138 
5 	Kottayam 	150 	0 	0 	150 	
6  Idukki 91  105  0  196 
7 	Ernakulam 	138 	0 	0 	138 	
8  Thrissur 113  12  0  125 
9 	Palakkad 	52 	49 	0 	101 	
10  Malappuram  100  4  0  104 
11 	Kozhikode 	170 	17 	1 	188 	
12  Kannur 145  5  0  150 
13 	Kasargod 	169 	1 	1 	171 	
State 1739  248  2  1989

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 79 
 
 
Table 3.3  Opinion of  beneficiaries  about the Sche me Area 
 	
 	
 	
after SC work	 	
before 	
 	
after SC work 	 	
after SC work 	
82  104 	5  104 	
Kollam	 	4 	4 	241 	244 	5 	264 	
Pathanamthitta	 	2  4 	10  20 	2  46 	
137 	136 	136 	89 	135 	
Kottayam	 	0  0 	40  150 	1  146 	
Idukki	0 	51 	129 	4 	184 	
Ernakulam	 	4  70 	6  79 	4  71 	
Thrissur	15 	39 	39 	3 	122 	
Palakkad	 	0  12 	34  69 	8  99 	
Malappuram	91 	30 	96 	1 	102 	
Kozhikode	 	8  33 	157  162 	6  95 	Kannur	 	98 	148 	30 	132 	53 	150 	
Kasargod	 	1  58 	0  124 	0  163 	
 
Table 3.4  Number of beneficiaries having awareness  on soil and water 
conservation     schemes. 
 	
 
 
District	 	
 
 	
SCHEME	 	No. of 	
Beneficiaries	
104 	104 	104 	104 	104 	
Kollam	  MannayemWatershec project RIDF XV  283  282  282  282  28
0 	
Pathanamthitta	 	Arayanjilimannu Watershed 	141 	81 	92 	140 	140 	
Alappuzha	 	pallippuramthycattusseryvellakkettunivarana
projrct phase 1&2  138  135  136  131  132 	
Kottayam	 	Nelloor Watershed-1 	150 	148 	148 	148 	150 	
Idukki	 ValliyankavuNeerthada Scheme  196  190  173  190  185 	
Ernakulam	 	Attuvelikuzhithodu watershed 
project&kalamboorthodu flood control& and 
trainage protection scheme 	138 	126 	126 	51 	51 	
Thrissur	 
Mallankuzhy Watershed RIDF 1X  125  125  125  125  125 	
Palakkad	 	Chulliyur Watershed 20 B 39 S scheme 	101 	81 	74 	100 	96 	
Malappuram	 AmmanamChola RIDF 17  104  104  104  103  101 	
Kozhikode	 	Anayode watershed project 	188 	186 	174 	185 	184 	
Kannur	  Malur watershed RIDF XIV    150  150  135  55  52 	
Kasargod	 	Paramba watershed Scheme 	171 	170 	169 	155 	151

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 80 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.5   Potentiality of Land in Scheme Area 
 
 	
Before SC  work  After SC work 	
93 	274 	0 	0 	3 	282	91	170	0	0	4 	
Pathanamthitta	 	
141  135  135  2  0  0  140 62 21	1	0 0	 	
Alappuzha 	
135 	2 	8 	0 	0 	0 	132	1	4	0	0	0 	
Kottayam	 	
36  5  83  1  0  0  146 6 1	1	0 0	 	
Idukki 	176 	193 	56 	0 	17 	127	134	129	55	0	16	 	
Ernakulam 
132  3  135  0  0  0  138 2 2	
0	0 0	 	
Thrissur 	81 	119 	4 	0 	0 	125	81	1	4	0	0 	
Palakkad	 	
70  88  95  7  0  4  85 41 13	6	0 5	 	
Malappuram 	
95 	103 	102	 	0 	0 	104	7	3	100	0	0 	
Kozhikode	 	
183  71  115  2  0  2  186 53 8	2	0 2	 	
Kannur	 	
41 	1 	109 	100	 	0 	0 	140	1	11	78	0	0 	
Kasargod 
22  163  163  34  0  1  117 4 2	
27	0 1

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 81 
 
 
 
Table 3.6     Potentiality of Land in Control Plots  
 
 
 	
Cultivable 	
land 	Dry land 	
Soil 
Errosion 	Rocky land 	
Marshy 
land 	
Non 	
cultivable 	
land 	
Thiruvananthapuram  12  14  5  1  0  0 
Kollam 	49 	31 	57 	0 	0 	0 	
Pathanamthitta  28  28  28  0  0  0 
Alappuzha 	28 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	
Kottayam  30  9  26  0  0  0 
Idukki 	16 	39 	40 	3 	0 	1 	
Ernakulam  31  1  31  0  0  0 
Thrissur 	25 	13 	0 	0 	0 	0 	
Palakkad  13  20  20  5  0  1 
Malappuram 	22 	22 	22 	22 	0 	0 	
Kozhikode  35  30  38  0  0  0 
Kannur 	5 	4 	28 	25 	0 	0 	
Kasargod  31  33  34  7  0  0

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 82 
 
 
 
Table 3.7  Occupational  Profile of beneficiaries i n the Scheme Area  (nos). 
 
 	
 
Sl No:	 
 	
Name of District	 	
Occupation	 	
2 	Kollam	 	55 	117 	11 	100 	283 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	55  86  0  0  141 	
4 	81 	16 	41 	138 	
5 	Kottayam	 	67  77  0  6  150 	
6 	47 	30 	18 	196 	
7 	Ernakulam	 	27  66  7  38  138 	
8 	Thrissur	 	10 	0 	0 	125 	
9 	Palakkad	 	72  29  0  0  101 	
10 	Malappuram	 	65 	9 	2 	104 	
11 	Kozhikode	 	77  106  4  1  188 	
12 	Kannur	 	22 	33 	58 	37 	150 	
13 	Kasargod	 	141  20  10  0  171 	
State	 	762 	822 	147 	258 	1989 	
 
Table-3.8   Occupational Profile of beneficiaries i n the Control Plots (nos) 	
 	
 
Sl No	 
 	
Name of District	 	
Occupation	 	
13 	7 	25 	57 	
3 	Pathanamthitta	 	4  24  0  0  28 	
4 	14 	2 	12 	28 	
5 	Kottayam	 	12  17  1  0  30 	
13 	3 	1 	40 	
7 	Ernakulam	 	6  22  1  2  31 	
13 	3 	0 	25 	
9 	Palakkad	 	17  3  0  0  20 	
10 	Malappuram	 	4 	6 	1 	22 	
11 	Kozhikode	 	18  17  2  1  38 	
12 	Kannur	 	11 	7 	9 	3 	30 	
13 	Kasargod	 	24  9  1  0  34 	
State	 	148	 	163	 	40	 	53	 	404

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 83 
 
 
 
 
 	
 3.2  Occupational  Profile 	
 The occupational profile of the selected beneficiaries revealed  that  38.31% 
engaged  in  agriculture,    41.32%    were  depend  on    no n-agriculture,  7.39  %  agricultural 
labourer s and  12.97 %  categorized as non-agricul tural  labourers. 
3.3   Summary of Findings 
The data furnished in this report were collected th rough the Evaluation study 
on  soil  conservation  programmes  conducted  during  20 18-19.  The  entire  districts  except 
Wayanad  were  covered  in  this  study.    The  methodolog y  of  this  study  was  stratified 
sampling  method  on  the  basis  of  the  area  of  the  hol ding.  For  the  study  purpose  schemes 
implemented  by  the  Soil  Survey  and  Soil  Conservatio n  Department  and  other  Local  Self 
Government  were  included.  For  the  purpose  of  compar ison  control  plots    were    also  
selected  from  the  scheme  area    where  the  soil  conse rvation  works  not  carried  out    under 
any  scheme.  In  the  light  of  the  present  study,  an  a ttempt  is  made  for  the    cost    benefit 
analysis with the collected data.  
The  particulars  relating  to  income  and  expenditure  of  beneficiary  plots 
reveals  that  after  implementation  of  soil  conservat ion  programme    net  income  of    the 
beneficiaries  of the scheme area increased .  It is  estimated that the percentage increase of 
net income per acre in beneficiary plots of the sch eme area 75.92%.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 84 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.9   Cropping Intensity in Scheme Area 
 
 	
 
 Sl No 	
 
  District   
Area Cultivated   
Total Area Cropped   
Intensity of Cropping (%) 	
91.633	 	98.720	
266.163	 	101.480	96.630	
 12   
Kannur  181.700 181.700 151.134 159.009	
 	83.180 87.510

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 85 
 
 
 
 
 
3.4   Cropping  Intensity 
Productivity  of  the  land  to  a  certain  extent  influe nced  the  cropping  pattern  of  a 
locality. District wise details are presented in Ta ble No.3.9 
           Graph 3.1    Total  Area  Cropped   Befor e  and  After SC Work 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
  350.000

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 86 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
     
 
 
Conclusion  
The  concepts  of    Watershed  Management  has  been  well  recognized  among  the 
people  in  the  scheme  area.  The  effectiveness  of  the  activiti es    in  the  treated    area  may  be   
analyzed  during  and  after  the  implementation    of  the  project.  E valuation  Study  will  be  a 
solution to find the effectiveness of the scheme. 
Watershed  Management  implies  the  wise  use  of  the  soil,  wate r  and  other  bio- 
resources  in  a  scheme  area  to  obtain  optimum  production  with  mi nimum  disturbance  to 
the  environment.  As  we  know  water  and  soil  interdependent;  both  of  them  should  be 
conserved  through  these  schemes.  For  judicious  utilization  and  developme nt  of  all  lands; 
the  overall  objective  of  Watershed  programme  includes  recognit ion  of  Watershed  as  a 
basic  unit.  The  land  is  to  be  treated  according  to  the  capabili ty  and  requirement  by 
adopting  suitable  scientific  and  adequate  methods  that  will  contr ol  soil  erosion,  to 
conserve water, improve the income from farming, to control flood and droughts etc.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 87 
 
  
 
 	
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Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
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Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
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P à´¿àµ½  Gàµ@H+Là´  à´¿  àµYàµ¼Ià´¾àµ½  àµ5>Ià´¿àµ?  K$à´¿  Nà´¿(àµ  Nà´¿à´¾~U à´ 
Yà´¿àµà´¾+>à´¾/à´¿à´¿Và´.  à´Ià´  Nà´¿/à´¿àµ½  K$à´¿  àµYà´¾àµ»  ,"  à´ 
à´à´¿_à´¾+àµ¾  à´àµ¼àµuàµIRà´¾".  à´à´¿à´¾/à´¿  àµ\=5àµ>à´¾àµà´¾à´

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 91 
 
àµ5à´¾n/à´  à´¿l/à´¿àµ½    300  àµA´àµ¼  Nà´¿/à´¿à´¾/à´¿  %à´¾	à´¿6"  5à´¿0     àµ¸àµ¼  à´¾nàµ¼  àµ$o" 
	
à´¿/à´¾"  |àµ!à´¾/à´¿  àµtuI".150  vàµà´¾wà´¾[àµ¾  à´¿  	
à´¿/à´¿   
à´àµ¾àµu1.    )à´¿/àµ»5à´¾"  àµàµ¼I  	
à´¿/à´¾"  à´u[à´¿  à´¿l/à´¿àµ½  àµtu I". 
Ge  Gàµ@Hà´    348  àµA´=à´¿à´¾/à´¿  %à´¾	à´¿6"  5à´¿01.    196    vàµà´¾wà´¾[ àµ¾ 
à´àµ¾àµu1.    à´àµà´¿0;à´¿àµIà´¾"  à´¾nàµ¼àµ$o",  5>¹àµ¼àµà´¾"  qo"  5àµºàµ à´¾àµ¾  à´?" 
àµº/à´¿àµ"  àµGà´¾nàµ»  à´ à´¿+àµ    R"  àµ\5>à´¾"    à´=à´¾P>à´  à´¿l/à´¿ àµ½  
àµàµtuI".    R"  àµ\5>à´¿Tà´¾/à´¿      138(63+  75)  vàµà´¾wà´¾[àµ¾  à´àµ¾àµu1. 
½¾àµ¼  à´¿l/à´¿àµ½    àµàµtuI  	
à´¿/à´¾/  là´¾àµ»P;à´¿    àµàµ¼I  	
à´¿/à´¿àµ½    125 
vàµà´¾wà´¾[àµ¾ à´àµ¾àµu1.  1050 àµA´àµ¼ Nà´¿/à´¿àµ½  Ge 	
à´¿ %à´¾	à´¿6"  5à´¿01. 
)à´¿/à´¾àµ¼  à´¾nàµ¼ àµ$o"  	
à´¿/à´¾" 	à´¾[à´¾"  à´¿l/à´¿àµ½ àµàµtuI ".  Ge 
	
à´¿/à´¿àµ½ 101 vàµà´¾wà´¾[àµ¾ à´àµ¾àµu1.  
^=à´  à´¿l/à´¿àµ½  àµ¼àµ!à´¾/à´¿  àµàµtuI"  à´à´¾à´  àµYà´¾  à´¾nàµ¼àµ$o" 
	
à´¿/à´¾".  350  àµA´=à´¿à´¾/à´¿  %à´¾	à´¿6"  5à´¿0   Ge  	
à´¿/à´¿àµ½  104  
vàµà´¾wà´¾[àµ¾  à´àµ¾àµu1.  àµ5à´¾;à´¿àµ[à´¾"  à´¿l/à´¿àµ½  àµàµtuI  	
à´¿/à´¾/  
à´àµ/à´¾" àµàµ¼I 	
à´¿ 285 àµA´àµ¼ Nà´¿/à´¿à´¾/à´¿ 188 vàµà´¾wà´¾[àµ¾  à´àµ¾àµu1. 
5¿àµ¼  à´¿l/à´¿àµ  àµ¼àµ!à´¾/à´¿  à´¾Wàµ¼  àµàµ¼I  	
à´¿  àµàµtuc.  	
à´¿  Gàµ@Hà´ 
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	=m  àµàµ¼I  	
à´¿/à´¾"  5à´¾àµ¼àµ~à´¾o"  à´¿l/à´¿àµ  àµ¼àµ!à´¾/à´¿ 
àµàµtuI".  Ge  	
à´¿  Gàµ@Hà´  380  àµA´àµ¼  Nà´¿/à´¿à´¾/à´¿  171 
vàµà´¾wà´¾[àµ¾  à´àµ¾àµu1.  2018-19  àµ¼$àµI  àµ¼àµ/à´¿àµ½  à´àµ5  1989 
vàµà´¾wà´¾[àµ¾  à´àµ¾àµu1.  404  5àµºàµà´¾àµ¾  àµà´¾5Là´  à´àµ¾àµu1.  à´¾Bà´  1  -  àµ½   931, 
à´¾Bà´- 2 àµ½ 835, à´¾Bà´ 3 àµ½ 166, à´¾Bà´ 4 àµ½ 57 à´ à´¿+àµ/à´¾" v àµà´¾wà´¾[Làµ 
à´,à´.  à´àµ5  2866.946  àµA´àµ¼  Nà´¿/à´¿à´¾"  àµ¼àµ  Ià´¿/".  5àµºàµ à´¾àµ¾  àµà´¾nà´¿àµ½ 
à´¾Bà´  1  àµ½  216,  à´¾Bà´  2  àµ½  139,  à´¾Bà´  3  àµ½  33,  à´¾Bà´  4  àµ½  16  à´ à´¿+àµ

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 92 
 
vàµà´¾wà´¾[àµ¾  à´àµ¾àµu1.  à´àµ5  595.432  àµA´àµ¼  Nà´¿/à´¾"  àµ¼àµ!à´¾/à´¿  
àµàµtuI". 
à´àµ5  vàµà´¾wà´¾[Làµ  46.81%  à´àµ[=à´¿àµ½  à´¾àµ;  Nà´¿()à´¾".  41.98 % 
vàµà´¾wà´¾[àµ¾  1  à´[àµ¼  \àµ½  3  à´[=à´¿àµ½  à´¾àµ;àµ  Nà´¿()à´¾".  8.35%

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 93 
 	
 
à´  	
à´¿  à´¿à´¾[à´¿/à´¿"  àµH$à´  @àµàµ¼J5à´¾  à´¿>(àµ 
à´¿à´¿/à´¿àµ½  à´¿9§:à´,    àµ5à´¾là´,  à´^;,  à´u[à´¿,  ^=à´,  5¿àµ¼,  ½Á àµ¼ 
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"  à´Rà´¾ /à´¿.  
@àµàµ¼J5à´¾ à´¿>5>à´¾/ P9\>5", à´¾à´¿, à´¾", àµ5à´¾Mà´¿, =Ãàµ¼ à´ à´¿ !" /Äà´¾Åà´ 6.55%, 
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"   à´Rà´¾/à´¿. 
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" 
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àµ5à´¾;à´¿àµ[à´¾"  23.51%,  5à´¾=àµ~à´¾o"  11.16%  à´ à´¿+àµ  à´¿à´¿/à´¿àµ½  	
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G_à´¾ à´¿>/à´¾/à´¿ =àµ¼ àµ]àµuIà´¿/à´¿à´¿01. 
G_à´¾  @àµàµ¼J5à´¾  à´¿>5Làµ  à´>à´¿àµ½  à´là´¾  à´¿l5>à´¿Tà´  	
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" =à´¿àµà´¾àµ¼n" àµY©à´¿R".   
,"  à´  Gàµ¼I+àµ¾[à´¾/à´¿  à´àµ5  124907821/-  Ç	  àµYà´¾/à´¾/à´¿ 
àµ¼àµ  =à´¿àµà´¾àµ¼n"  àµYZ1.    ,"  à´  Gàµ¼I+àµ¾["  \àµ»:)  à´¿>5Làµ 

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 94 
 
y%à´  192029449.32/-Ç	  à´/à´¿91.à´ à´¾àµ½  	
à´¿["  àµH$à´  à´¿>5Làµ  y %à´ 
299069930.45/-à´/à´¿  àµ¼
à´¿h.,"  à´  Gàµ¼I+Làµ  Mà´¾/à´¿  à´R à´¾/ 
Gàµ/à´¾+>à´¿àµ½  G_à´¾àµn  y1  5à´¾%+àµ¾  (1)  à´¿>5Làµ  à´¿à´¿/à´¿àµ½  àµ¼ 
    (2) 
à´Xà´¾@(àµ  àµ¼
".  (3)  à´¿>àµà´¿(àµ  àµà´¿_%È5à´  à´ à´¿ /à´¾". 
@àµàµ¼J5à´¾  à´¿>5>à´¾/  à´¾à´¿,  àµ5à´¾àµ[à´¾,  à´¾+,  P9\>5",=Ãàµ¼    Â35 à´¾à´¿>5>à´¾/ 
à´¾;  ,à´®à´¿,  àµYm",  àµ	à´¾à´¿àµ¾,  àµY  \à´¾/(àµ  à´È	à´¾@à´  à´¿/ à´¾/à´¿  àµ¼àµ 
¬Yà´¿à´¿01.,"  à´  Gàµ¼I+àµ¾  à´¿à´¾[à´¿/;à´¿  ,à´¿àµ? 
MN/à´¿O  àµ¼
à´¿05(à´    uàµ½  à´¾5à´¾/  à´¿>5àµ¾  K$à´¿/à´¿=[à´¾àµ»  5àµ¼$5 àµ¼[" 
Aà´¾/5à´¾P5(à´ àµYZ1.

Evaluation study on Soil Conservation in Kerala 2018-19 	 
Department of Economics and Statistics  Page 95

Department of Economics and Statistics Page 94

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