Ecostat

Government of Kerala	 	
Annual Survey of Industries 	
2017-18 	
Volume I	 	
Department of Economics and Statistics 	
Kerala 	
 	
Department of Economics and Statistics 	
Kerala 	
Email: ecostatdir@gmail.com, Phone: 0471 2305318

Annual Survey of Industries 2017-18

Government of Kerala 	
[Year] 	
 	
Government of Kerala	 	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 	
 
 	
Annual Survey of Industries 	
        	
 	
Department of Economics and Statistics 	
Kerala 	
  2017-18
 
Volume I

Message 	
 	
I  am  glad  to  learn  that  Department  of  Economics  and  Statistics  is  bringing  out  the 	
publication  âAnnual  Survey  of  Industries  2017-18â.    Industries  play  a  pivotal  role  in 
accelerating the rate of economic growth.  The reliable and substantial information collected 
through this  survey  helps  in  evaluating,  assessing  and  monitoring  the  progress  of  industries.  
It also facilitate the policy makers in designing effective policies capable of achieving the goals 
of development.    	
Annual  Survey  of  Industries  is  one  of  the  major  surveys  conducted  annually  by 	
Department  of  Economics  and  Statistics  on  the  organized/registered  manufacturing  sector 
with the assistance of National Statistics Office, Industrial Statistics Wing, Kolkata.   	
The publication âAnnual Survey of Industries 2017-18â provides information on major 	
characteristics viz., no.of factories, capital, income, profit, Gross Value Added, employment 
details etc.  of organized manufacturing sector of the state during the financial year 2017-18.  
It  gives  a  vivid  picture  of  the  statewide,  districts,  rural-urban  wise  statistics  of  significant 
characteristics of the manufacturing sector of the state. 	
 I hope this publication will serve as a valuable resource of Industrial statistics for the 	
research scholars, academicians and policy makers. 	
I  appreciate  and  laud  the  commendable  work  done  by  the  team  of  Department  of 	
Economics and Statistics and extend my best wishes. 	
 	
                                                                 Sd/- 	
Date: 19/08/2020                         Dr. V. Venu  IAS 
Thiruvananthapuram            Additional Chief Secretary 	
Planning and Economic Affairs Department

i 
 	
 
 
 
   	
Preface	 	
�$�Q�Q�Xa�O  �6�Xr�Ye�\  �Rf  �,�Q�G�X�V�Wr�Le�V  �L�V  �R�Qe  �Rf  �W�Ke  �Pa�M�Rr  �V�Xr�Ye�\�V  f�Rc�X�Ve�G  �R�Q  �W�Ke  �Rr�Ja�Q�L�]e�G�re�J�L�V�Were�G 	
manufacturing sector of  Kerala.  Department of Economics and Statistics conducts this 	survey with  the 	
assistance  and  guidance  of  Central  Statistics  Office  (IS  Wing),  Kolkata.    The  industrial 	development, 	
		
 		

Input, Output, Profit, Income etc. in the organized manufacturing sector of the state for the fin	ancial year 	
2017-18.   
The publication of the survey comprises of two volumes. This is the first volume, which 	
gives a 	
broad  perspective of the  industrial  scenario 	of  the  state.  The second  volume  presents  detailed  tables  of 	
estimates of the survey.   The survey is conducted under the provisions of 	
Collection of Statistics Act 2008 and Collection 	
of Statistics Rules 2011. 	The Deputy Directors of the District offices are designated as Statistics officers 	
for conducting the survey in their respective jurisdict	ion.  The field work and data entry work are deputed 	
to Statistical  Investigators which is further scrutinized by the Research officers. The data entry is done 
using the MS-Access based e-schedule package provided by Central Statistics Office (IS Wing). Fu	rther, 	
processing  and  tabulation  of  data  is  done  at  the  Directorate  as  per  the  guidelines  of  Central  Statistics 
Office (IS Wing), Kolkata.  The present report is prepared by combining 829 state sample units (surveyed 
by DES), 829 Central Sample units and 1249 Census sector units (attended by NSSO, FOD). 	
We are profoundly  grateful to Smt. Sunitha Bhaskar, Deputy Director General, NSO, and Shri. 	
Rajiv  Kumar,  SSO  (FOD),  Kollam  and  Shri.  N    Uthaman,  SSO  (FOD),  Kollam  for  their  valuable 
guidance  and  assistance.  The  survey  team  consisting    of 	District  level  officers,  statistical  investigators 	
and officers of the Directorate  have made valuable contributions in making this survey a great success.  
I hereby extend my wholehearted gratitude to all the members of the 	team for their incredible effort and 	
dedication.      
The  co-	
operation  extended  by  the  selected  industrial  units  of  the  survey,  technical  assistance 	
provided  by  Central  Statistics  Office  (IS  Wing),  Kolkata  and  NSSO  (FOD),  Thiruvananthapuram  are 
highly commendable.  	
I hope this publication will serve as a reference book and research material in Industrial Statistics.	
     Suggestions for improvement in the scope and content of this report are always welcome.  
 
                                                                                                                                    Sd/-	
                                                                   	
                                                                                                                                  P V BABU 
DIRECTOR 	
(I/C)	
Thiruvananthapuram 
Date: 10/08	/2020	  	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 
 	
 	
 	
 
 
  Date :  10.8.2020

especially in  the  manufacturing  sector  can  make  a  huge  impact  or  thrust  on  the   economy of the
state.    Annual survey of  Industries 2017 - 18 provides information  on   major characteristics  of   the
industries viz., fixed capital, working capital, invested capital, employment details, Gross Value Added,

ii

CONTRIBUTIONS 	 	
 	
ii 	
 
 	
 
 	
Data Analysis & Report Writing	 	
Smt. Sheena P, 	Assistant Director (ASI Division) 	
 	
 	
District level supervisors & scrutiny officers 	
Deputy Directors 	
 	
Research Officers 
 	
 	
Data Collection & data entry 
    Statistical Investigators 	
 	
Directorate level Validation  	
Sri.. Sujakumar.K.G, R	esearch Assistant 	
Smt.Bindu M, Research Assistant	 	
Kum. Baby Sindhu, 	Statistical Assistant Gr II iiii

iii 	
 iv

CONTENTS 	
v 	
 
 
Prefaceâ¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦. 
 	i 	
Contributions 	iii 	
 
Technical assistance and survey processâ¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦... 
 	
 
1 	
Highlightsâ¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦... 
 	
3 	
Chapter 1 
 
Introductionâ¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦ 	
 
 
7 
 	
Chapter 2 
 
Organised Manufacturing sector- State Estimatesâ¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦. 
 	
17 	
Chapter 3 
 
District wise Estimates â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦. 
 	
26 	
Chapter 4 
 
Statistics based on National Industrial Classification(NIC 2008) â¦â¦â¦ 
 	
43 	
Chapter 5 
 
Annual Trends in Industrial Statistics  â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦.. 
 	
62 	
Chapter 6 
 
Rural and Urban statistics of manufacturing sectorâ¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦... 	
72 	
 
Annexure 	
 	
Annexure 1:    Collection of Statistics Act and Rulesâ¦â¦â¦......................... 	77 	
Annexure 2:    Pooling of ASI data and Estimation Procedureâ¦â¦â¦â¦â¦.  85 
Annexure 3:    ASI schedule of Enquiryâ¦â¦â¦â¦â¦..................................... 	94 	
Annexure 4:    Concepts, Definitions and Proceduresâ¦â¦â¦.........................  102 
Annexure 5:    List of  NIC-2008 4-digit codes covered under ASI â¦â¦â¦. 	108 	
Annexure 6:    Factories Act 1948â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦...  113

vi

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND SURVEY PROCESS 
1 
 	
 
 
Technical Guidance and Support  Central Statistics Office 
Industrial Statistics Wing  Kolkata  
ASI Survey Notification 
Survey is notified in Kerala Government Gazette 
 
Training Programmes 
 engaged in the survey so as to enhance the reliability of survey  
 
Field work, data entry and scrutiny 
Collection of data, data entry works and scrutiny are done in District 
Offices under the supervision of Deputy Director designated as Statistics Officer 
 
 
Analysis and Report generation 
Data analysis and report generation are done at the Directorate and report  is published in department website. 

Training programmes are conducted for improving the skills of officials

2

3 	
 	
Highlights	 	
 	
The survey estmated 7596 factories in the organized manufacturing sector of   
Kerala.
The estimated invested capital of the factories is 	61,94,820 lakhs.  Out of the 	
total invested capital,  Fixed capital and Physical working capital accounts to 
about 70.5% and 29.5% respectively.
The estimated output and input from the factoriesâ production is 	1,65,56,578 	
lakhs and  	1,42,56,475 lakhs.	
The estimated profit earned by the factories is  	8,84,010 lakhs.	
Across the state the factories provide employment to an estimate of 3,24,773 
people.  Out of which 78.85 % are workers, 20.64% employees other than workers 
and 0.50% unpaid family member.
Out of 2,19,973 directly employed workers 1,18,816 are men and 1,01,157 are 
women which accounts to about 54% and 46% respectively.
The Gross Value Added of production of the factories is 	22,79,897 lakhs which 	
is 15.9% of total input.

4 	
 
 
   Top Industries 	
Rank	 	
Characteristics	 	
Total No .of  
Factories 	Fixed Capital 	
Total 
Persons 
Engaged 	
Output 	
Gross 
Value 
Added 
(GVA) 	
1 	Food Products 	
(21.38%) 	
Coke &Refined 	
Petroleum 
products 
(54.43%) 	
Food 	
Products 
(30.35%) 	
Coke &  
Refined 
Petroleum 
products 
(32.17%) 	
 	
Coke & 
Refined 
Petroleum 
products 
 (20.29%) 	
2 	
Other Non-	
metallic mineral 	
products 
(12.88%) 	
Food Products 	
(10.49%) 	
Rubber & 	
plastic 
products 
(7.97%) 	
Food Products 	
(21.29%) 	
Food 	
Products 
 (16.37%) 	
3 	
Wood & 	
products of wood 
& cork, except 	
furniture; 	
manufacture of 
articles of straw 	
& plating 
materials 
 (11.28%) 	
Rubber & plastic 	
products 
(5.79%) 	
Textiles 
(7.92%) 	
Other 	
manufacturing 	
(12.10%) 	
Chemicals 	
& 	
Chemical 
products 
(10.92%) 	
4 	
Rubber & plastic 	
products 
(8.28%) 	
Other Non-	
metallic mineral 	
products 
(3.97%) 	
 	
Other Non-	
metallic 
mineral 
products 
(6.35%) 	
Rubber & 	
plastic products 	
(6.37%) 	
Rubber & 	
plastic 
products 
(9.15%) 	
5 	
Tobacco 
products 
 (6.58%) 	
Textiles 
(3.13%) 	
Tobacco 
products 
(4.43%) 	
Chemicals & 	
Chemical 
products 
(4.57%) 	
Other Non-	
metallic 
mineral 
products 
(6.26%) 	
Aggre
gate 
Total 
(All 
indust
ries)* 	
7596	 	4369284	 	324773 	16556578	 	2279897	 	
*Estimates of Fixed Capital, Output and GVA are in 	lakhs

5 	
 
Top Districts 
 
 
 
 
Rank	 	
Characteristics	 	
Total 
No .of  	
Factories 	
Fixed 
Capital 	
Total Persons 	
Engaged 	Output 	Gross Value Added 	
(GVA) 	
1 	Ernakulam 
(19.31%) 	
Ernakulam 
(68.26%) 	
Ernakulam 
(24.85%) 	
Ernakulam 
(62.71%) 	
Ernakulam 
(51.33%) 	
2 	Kollam 
(14.53%) 	
Palakkad 
(5.23%) 	
Kollam 
(15.36%) 	
Alappuzha 
(6.10%) 	
Kottayam 
(7.08%) 	
3 	
Thrissur 
Kannur 
(11.22%) 	
Alappuzha 
(4.10%) 	
Alappuzha 
(9.60%) 	
Thrissur 
(5.20%) 	
Thrissur 
(6.48%) 	
4 	Kannur 
(9.31%) 	
Kollam 
(4.04%) 	
Thrissur 
(7.50%) 	
Kottayam 
(4.81%) 	
Thiruvananthapuram 	
(5.94%) 	
5 	Alappuzha 
(8.07%) 	
Kottayam 
(3.99%) 	
Thiruvananthapuram 	
(7.07%) 	
Kollam 
(4.72%) 	
Alappuzha 
(5.61%) 	
Aggr
egate 
Total 
(All 
indus
tries)	
* 	
7596	 	4369284	 	324773 	16556578	 	2279897	 	
*Estimates of Fixed Capital, Output and GVA are in 	 lakhs

6 	
 	
Rates & Ratios 
Estimates of some important rates and ratios as per ASI 2017-18 are given below:-	 	
   	
ï	 	Fixed capital per factory in operation 	668 lakhs 	
ï	 	No. of persons engaged per factory in operation 	50 	
ï	 	No. of workers per factory in operation 	39 	
ï	 	Output per factory in operation 	2532 lakhs 	
ï	 	Gross Value Added(GVA) per factory in operation 	348 lakhs 	
ï	 	Net Value Added(NVA) per factory in operation 	304 lakhs 	
ï	 	Output per person engaged 	50,97,892 	
ï	 	Gross Value Added (GVA) per person engaged 	7,01,997 	
ï	 	Net Value Added (NVA) per person engaged 	6,11,989 	
ï	 	Wages per worker 	1,70,420 	
ï	 	Fixed Capital to Net Value Added(NVA) 	2.19 	
ï	 	Fixed Capital to Output 	0.26 	
ï	 	Net Value Added(NVA) to Output 	0.12 	
ï	 	Gross Value Added (GVA) to Fixed Capital 	0.52 	
ï	 	Output to Input 	1.16 	
ï	 	Profit to Output 	0.05

7 	
 
 
   	
 	
INTRODUCTION 	
 	
CHAPTER 1 
 
Methodology of Annual Survey of 
Industries

8

âStatistical thinking will one day be as necessary for efficient citizenship as the ability to read and writeâ 	
- H.G.Wells	 	
9 	
 
1.1 Scope and Coverage	 	
1.1.1   The Annual Survey of Industries is the main source of industrial statistics in Kerala. 
From  ASI  2010	â11  onwards,  the  survey  is  being  conducted  under  the  Collection  of  Statistics 	
Act,  2008  and  Rules  framed  there  under  in  2011.The  Survey  is  designed  to  obtain 
comprehensive and detailed industrial data with the objective of estimating the contribution of 
registered  manufacturing  industries  as  a  whole  to  the  state  income.      It  gives  a  broad  view  of 
the structure of the industry in economy, various factors influencing industries in the state etc. 
which form the bases for formulation of industrial policies. 
 
1.1.2      Coverage  of  the  Annual  Survey  of  Industries  extends  to  the  entire  Factory  Sector 
comprising industrial units (called factories) registered under the Sections 2(m)(i) and 2(m)(ii) 
of  the  Factories  Act,  1948,  wherein  a  âFactoryâ,  which  is  the  primary  statistical  unit  of 
enumeration for the ASI, is defined as: 	
 	
âAny premisesâ including the precincts thereof: 	â 	
(i)	 Wherein  ten  or  more  workers  are  working  or  were  working  on  any  day  of 	
the  preceding  twelve  months,  and  in  any  part  of  which  a  manufacturing  process  is 
being carried on with the aid of power or is ordinarily so carried on, or,  	
(ii)	 Wherein twenty or more workers are working or were working on any day 	
of  the  preceding  twelve  months,  and  in  any part  of  which  a  manufacturing  process 
is being carried on without the aid of power or is ordinarily so carried on, but does 
not  include  a  mine  subject  to  the  operation  of  the  Mines  Act,  1952,  or  a  railway 
running shed.

10 	
 
 	
The  âmanufacturing  processâ  referred  to  above  has  been  defined  [vide  Section 
2(k)]  
in the Factories Act, 1948 as: 
âAny processâ for: 
 	
(i)	 	making,  altering,  ornamenting,  finishing,  packing,  oiling,  washing, 
cleaning,  breaking  up,  demolishing  or  otherwise  treating  or  adapting 
any  article  or  substance with  a  view  to  its  use,  sale,  transport,  delivery 
or disposal; or, 	
 	
(ii)	 pumping oil, water or sewage ; or,  	
 	
(iii)	 generating , transforming or transmitting power; or,  	
 	
(iv)	 composing  types  for  printing  by  letter  press,  lithography,  photogravure 
or other similar process or book binding; or,  	
 	
(v)	 constructing,  reconstructing,  repairing,  refitting,  finishing  or  breaking 
up ships or vessels; or,  	
 	
(vi)	 preserving or storing any article in cold storage.  	
 
1.1.3  In addition to Sections 2(m)(i) & 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948, bidi& cigar units, 
employing 10 or more workers with the aid of power and 20 or more workers without the aid 
of  power  and  registered  under  the  Bidi&  Cigar  Workers  (Conditions  of  Employment)  Act, 
1966 ,  all the electricity undertakings engaged in generation, transmission and distribution of 
electricity, not  registered with the Central Electricity Authority(CEA),are also covered under 
ASI. 
 
1.1.4    Starting from ASI 2014-15, the coverage of ASI has been extended beyond the 
Section  2m(i)  and  2m(ii)  of  the  Factories  Act,  1948.    To  start  with,  the  units  with  100  or

11 	
 
more  employees,  not  registered  under  Section  2m(i)  and  2m(ii)  of  the  Factories  Act,  1948 
but    registered  under  any  of  the  seven  Acts/Board/Authority  viz.,  Companies  Act  1956, 
Factories Act, 1948,  Shops and Commercial Establishment Act, Societies Registration Act, 
Cooperative  Societies  Act,  Khadi  and  Village  Industries  Board,  Directorate  of  Industries 
(District Industries Centre) in the Business Register of Establishments (BRE) as prepared by 
the  State  Government  and  available  with  National  Accounts  Division,  Central  Statistics 
Office  and  verified  by  Field  Operations  Division  (FOD),  NSSO  are  also  considered  for 
selection.   
 
1.1.5    Although  the  scope  of  the  ASI  was  extended  to  all  registered  manufacturing 
establishments  in  the  country,  defence  establishments,  oil  storage  and  distribution  depots, 
restaurants,  hotels,  cafe  and  computer  services,  departmental  units  such  as  railway 
workshops,  RTC  workshops,  Govt.  Mints,  sanitary,  water supply,  gas  storage  units  etc.  are 
excluded from the purview of the Survey.  
 
1.2. Unit of Enumeration 
 
1.2.1  The  primary  unit  of  enumeration  in  the  survey  is  a  factory  in  the  case  of 
manufacturing  industries,  a  workshop  in  the  case  of  repair  services,  an  undertaking  or  a 
licensee in the case of electricity, gas and water supply undertakings and an establishment in 
the  case  of  Bidi  and  Cigar  industries.  The  owner  of  two  or  more  establishments  located  in 
the  same  state  and  pertaining  to  the  same  industry  group,  is  permitted  to  furnish  a  single 
consolidated  return,  termed  as  âJoint  Returnâ.    Such  consolidated  returns  are  a  common 
feature in case of some of the factories in ASI. 
 
1.3 ASI Frame	 	
 	
1.3.1   The ASI frame is based on the lists of registered factories / units maintained by 
the  Chief  Inspector  of  Factories  (CIF)  in  the  State  and  those  maintained  by  registration 
authorities  in  respect  of  Bidi  and  Cigar  establishments  and  electricity  undertakings.  The 
frame  is  being  revised  and  updated  periodically  by  the  Regional  Offices  of  the  Field 
Operations Division (FOD) of NSSO in consultation with the Chief Inspector of Factories in

12 	
 	
each  State.  At  the  time  of  revision,  the  names  of  the  de	âregistered  factories  are  removed 	
from  the  ASI  frame  and  those  of  the  newly  registered  factories  are  added.  While  updating 
the  frame,  only  newly  registered  units  are  added  to  the  existing  frame.  In  spite  of  regular 
updating of the frame, quite a number of factories selected for the survey are getting deleted 
during  the  survey  owning  to  various  reasons  like  non-existence,  de-registration,  out  of 
coverage etc. 	
 	
1.3.2    It  is  to  be  noted  that  apart  from  the  factories  in  operation,  the  ASI  frame 
comprises  factories  which  are  categorised  as  âExisting  with  fixed  assets  and  maintaining 
staff  but  not  having  productionâ  and  âExisting  with  fixed  assets  but  not    maintaining  staff 
and not having productionâ. 
 	
 1.4. Reference Period 
 	
 
1.5 Methodology of the survey  
 
1.5.1   	 In the state the survey is conducted as per the guidelines of Industrial Statistics Wing 	
(IS wing) of Central Statistics Office	.  	The following methodology is adopted by the IS wing 	
for the survey.   
 	
 1.6 Sample Design and Sample Allocation 	
 	
1.4.1   Reference  period  for  ASI  201	7â201	8  was  the  accounting  year  of  the  factory, 
ending  on  any  day  during  the  financial  year  201
7â 201	8.  Thus  in  ASI  201	7â 201	8,  data 
collected  from  establishments  relate  to  their  respective  accounting  years  that  ended  on  any 	
day  between  1 st
  April  2017  and  31 st
  March  2018.  Survey  was  conducted  in  the  state in  the 
time period 1 st
 January 2019 to 31 st
 May 2019. 
1.6.1   As  per  sampling  design  adopted  in  ASI  201	7-18,  ASI  sample  comprises  two  parts  - 
Central  Sample  and  State  Sample.  The  Central  Sample  consists  of  two  schemes:  Census  and 
Sample. Under Census scheme, all the units are surveyed. 
1.6.2 Census scheme :

13 	
 	
a)	 	All industrial units belonging to the seven less industrially developed states/ 
UTâs  viz.  Arunachal  Pradesh,  Manipur,  Meghalaya,  Nagaland,  Sikkim, 
Tripura and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.  	
b)	 	For the States/ UTs other than those mentioned in (a) 	
(i)	 	Units having 75 or more employees from Kerala, and 	
(ii)	 	All  units  covered  under  âJoint  Returnâ  (JR),  where  JR  is  allowed  when 
the two or more units located in the same State/UT belonging to the same 
industry (3-digit level of NIC) under the same management. 	
c)	 	After  excluding  the  Census  Sector  units,  as  defined  in  paragraphs  a)  and  b) 
above, the strata are formed at 	State x District  x Sector x 3digit NIC	â2008 	
level.   	Here,  âsectorâ  is  very  broad  economic  activity  group  consisting  of 	
manufacturing,  electricity  generation  activity  and  bidi  producing  activity.  
Thus,  in  short,  sectors  are  (i)  Bidi,  (ii)  Manufacturing  and  (iii)  Electricity.  
All units belonging to the strata (i.e., formed on the basis of units in State by 
District by Sector by 3-digit of NIC-08) having less than or equal to 4 units 
are completely enumerated and are thus considered as âcensus sectorâ units 	
d)	 	Sample Scheme	: 	
All  the  remaining  units  in  the  frame  are  considered  under 	Sample  Scheme	. 	
For all the states, 	strata are formed for each State x District x Sector x 3	â	
digit  NIC	â2008  factories	.  The  units  in  each  stratum  are  arranged  in 	
descending  order  of  their  number  of  employees.  Samples  are  drawn  as  per 
Circular  Systematic  Sampling  technique.  An  even  number  of  units  with  a 
minimum of 4 units are selected and distributed in four sub	âsamples. It may 	
be  noted  that  all  the  4  sub	âsamples  from  a  particular  stratum  may  not  have 	
equal number of units. 	
e)	 	    Out  of  these  4  sub	âsamples,  two  pre	âassigned  sub	âsamples  are  given  to 	
NSSO  (FOD)  and  the  other  two	âsub  samples  are  given  to  State/UT  for  data 	
collection.  	
f)	 	The  entire  census  units 	plus	  all  the  units  belonging  to  the  two  sub	âsamples 	
given to NSSO (FOD) are treated as the 	Central Sample.	 	
g)	 	The units belonging to the two sub	âsamples allocated to State/UTs are to be 	
canvassed by the respective States/UTs. Hence, State/UT has to use the data

14 	
 	
collected  by  NSSO  (FOD)  and  processed  by  IS  Wing,  DPD,  and  NSSO 
along  with  the  state  sample  data  while  deriving  the  district  level  estimates 
for their respective State/UT. 	
h)	 	The  entire  census  scheme  units  plus  all  the  units  belonging  to  the  two  sub-
samples  given  to  NSSO  (FOD)  plus  all  the  units  belonging  to  the  two  sub-
samples  given  to  State  /  UT  are  required  for  pooling  of  Central  and  State 
Samples. 	
 	
1.7. Estimation Procedure 
 
1.7.1         The procedures for estimation of the characteristics are shown in Annexure-2. 
 
1.7.2   The  results  presented  in  the  publication  are  based  on  the unit  level  data  of central  and 
state  samples.  The  estimated  value  figures  given  in  this  publication  are  reported  in  current 
prices.  The  value  figures  are  generally  rounded  off  to  lakhs  of  rupees.  All  Kerala  figures  are 
rounded  off  separately  and  may  not  tally  with  the  sum  of  district  figures.  Similarly,  all	â	
Industry  figures  may  not  tally  with  the  sum  of  individual  industry  figures.  Also  the  industry	â	
wise totals at lower level may not tally with the next higher level due to merging of industries 
carried out at different levels	. 	
 
1.8.  Schedule of Enquiry 
 	 	
          1.8.1   The  schedule  for  ASI  2017-18 aims  to  collect  data  on  assets  and 	
liabilities, 	
employment  and  labour  cost,  receipts,    expenses,	
  input  items  -  indigenous  and  imported, 	
products and by	âproducts, distributive expenses etc. 	
           A  copy  of  the  ASI  2017-18  schedule  is  given  as  Annexure-3.    The  different  concepts 
and definitions used in ASI survey are given in Annexure-4. 
 
1.9. Classification of Industries	 	
 
  1.9.1  From  ASI  2008	â09,  NIC	â  2008  has  been  the  base  of  industry  classification.  It 	
classifies all the factories in the ASI frame in their appropriate industry groups on the basis of

15 	
 	
****************************************************** 	
 
 	
the  principal  product  manufactured.  This  way  a  unit  gets  classified  in  one  and  only  one 
industry  group  even  though  it  might  be  manufacturing  products  belonging  to  different 
industries. The estimates for different aggregates  presented in this report at  two or three digit 
level of industry correspond to the NICâ2008 classification. 
 
1.10.   Publications and Limitations 
1.10.1    The results of ASI 201	
7-1	8 are released at 2-digit/3-digit level of NIC-2008 for 
the  State.  The  list  of  2/3-digit  level  of  NIC-2008  codes  along  with  descriptions  is  given  in 
Annexure  5.  This  report  contains  tables  related  to  capitals  and  value  added,  employment  and 
labour cost, fuels consumed etc. 
 
1.10.2    The  Collection  of  Statistics  Act  prohibits  disclosure  of  data  relating  to 
individual  factories.  Therefore,  if  the  number  of  factories  under  any  industry  (2 âdigit/3 âdigit 
level  of  NIC â2008)  in  the  state  is  less  than  three,  the  data  have  been  combined  to  a  similar 
industry in order to conceal the identity of all such units belonging to the concerned stratum. 
 
1.10.3    All  the  estimates,  especially  for  quantity  and  value  figures  for  any  particular 
item  consumed  and  produced,  are  subject  to  Statistical  Error  as  these  are  estimated  on  the 
basis of a selected Sample. The consumptions and productions are not estimated separately for 
those  items  for  which  the  number  of  observations  is  insufficient.  They  have  been  reported 
under 'others' as the estimates for those items may not be efficient.. 
 
1.10.4    As  per  tabulation  policy  it  has  been  decided  to  report  the  detailed  information 
corresponding  to  industry  codes  10  to  33  and  58  following  NIC â2008.  For  all  other  industry 
codes,  the  units  have  been  clubbed  and  shown  under  a  common  industry  ' Other'  in  different 
tables.

16

17 	
 
 	
 	
Organized Manufacturing Sector-State Estimates	 
 	
CHAPTER 2 
 
State wide outlook of the industrial 
statistics.

nnual Survey of Industries is one 
of  the  major  source  of  industrial 
statistics  in  Kerala.    Framing  of 	
industrial  policies  for  resolving  the 
challenges  faced  by  the  sector  and  thereby 
aiming a balanced economy is of paramount 
importance.  It is at this juncture that surveys 
play  a  significant  role.    A  pertinent  and 
accurate  data  put  into  analysis  can  come  up 
with  most  efficient  results  which  serve  the 
policy  makers  to  devise  new  strategies  that 
are capable of achieving the objective.   
Attempts  have  been  made  in  this  section  to 
bring  forth  the  status  of  manufacturing 
industries  in  the  state.    The  principle 
characteristics  of  organised  manufacturing 
sector  for  the  financial  year  2017-18  was 	
estimated by combining  Central sample and 
State sample.    	
Factories in organised/ registered 
manufacturing sector of Kerala 	
Registered  industries  involved  in  the 
production  of  goods  define  the  organised 
manufacturing  sector  of  the  state.    Annual 
survey  of  industries  2017-18  estimated  7596 
factories in the manufacturing sector of Kerala.  
Out of the total, 6538 factories are in operation 
and  1058  are  not  in  operation.    The  factories 
not in operation accounts to about 13.9% of the 
total  figure.    Estimated  figures  show  a  slight 
decline  of  about  4.8%  in  the  number  of 
factories compared to previous financial year.

Figure 1  	
Significant characteristics of 	
organised manufacturing sector of 	
Kerala 	
Analysis  of  financial  statements  is  an 
essential aid in the formulation of effective 
industrial  policies.    Annual  survey  of 
Industries  serve  this  purpose  to  a  great 
extent.    The  organised  manufacturing 
sector  depicts  one  facet  of  the  industrial 
sector.  The  financial  statements  of  the 
factories in this sector viz., Profit and loss 
account,  balance  sheet  and  employment 
details provide a framework within which 	
economic  status  of  the  sector  can  be 
analysed and further planning can be done 
for  better  development.  These  statements 
form the source of data of the survey.  The 
survey  estimates  27  major  characteristics 
of the industrial sector.   
The  major  characteristics  comprises  
number  of  factories,  capital  of  the 
industries,  total  input,  total  output,  Gross 
Value Added (GVA), Gross Fixed Capital 
Formation  (GFCF),  net  income,  profit 
etc...    The  survey  also  estimates  the 
employment details of the worker engaged 
in  the  factories  of  the  manufacturing 
sector.	
 	
ôò9	
íð9	
Distribution of factories in operation and not in operation in Kerala,   	
2017-18	
�&}] ]v }]}v
�&}]v} ]v }]}v

21 	
 	
Table 1: Estimate of selected characteristics of factories of Kerala for the year 2017-18 	
 	
Sl. No.  Characteristics(All Industries)	 	Values in 	lakh unless  	
otherwise mentioned	 	
1 	Number of factories 	7596	 	
2 	Factories in operation  6538	 	
3 	Fixed Capital 	4369284	 	
4 	Physical Working Capital  1825536	 	
5 	Working Capital 	1861449	 	
6 	Invested Capital  6194820	 	
7 	Gross Value of Additions to Fixed Capital 	1463668	 	
8 	Rent Paid  29067	 	
9 	Outstanding Loan 	1138275	 	
10 	Interest paid  200342	 	
11 	Rent received 	3872	 	
12 	Interest received  36957	 	
13 	Gross Value of P & M 	2913979	 	
14 	Value of Products & By-products'  14258309	 	
15 	Total Output 	16556578	 	
16 	Fuel Consumed  716454	 	
17 	Materials Consumed for Manufacturing 	11341440	 	
18 	Total Input  14256475	 	
19 	Gross Value Added(GVA) 	2279897	 	
20 	Depreciation  292690	 	
21 	Net Value Added(NVA) 	1987576	 	
22 	Net Fixed Capital Formation(NFCF)  192892	 	
23 	Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) 	485582	 	
24 	Addition in stock of:  153960	 	
  	(a) Materials, Fuels etc. 	126108	 	
  	(b) Semi-Finished Goods  36380	 	
  	(c ) Finished Goods 	-8529	 	
25 	Gross Capital Formation  639542	 	
26 	Net Income 	1799319	 	
27 	Profit  884010	 	
Employment and emoluments paid in 	
the manufacturing industries 	
The  amount  of  labour  utilized  by  the 
manufacturing  industries  is  a 
significant  factor  in  the  process  of 
production.    The  man-days  employed 
or  number  of  hours  worked  is 	
imperative  in  assessing  the  change  in 
productivity.   
The  survey  estimates  some  significant 
figures  related  to  employment  such  as 
number  of  persons  engaged,  wages  or 
salaries paid etc. The figures show that 
3,  24,773  persons  are  engaged  in  the 
factories of   organised   manufacturing

sector  in  the  state.  Out  of  these 
employees, 78.9% are workers, 20.6% 
are  employees  other  than  workers  and   
0.5%  unpaid  family  members/ 
proprietor.    The  estimated  total  man-
days  employed  in  the  factories  is 
92,496  (in  thousands).    The  estimated 	
wages and salaries   including bonus of 
the  employees  is 	7,71,302  lakhs 	
whereas  employerâs  contribution  is        
 1, 44,144 lakhs.   
 	
 	
Table 2: Distribution of employment, man-days worked and emoluments paid to 	
employees manufacturing sector of Kerala 	
A.    No. of Persons Engaged  (no.) 	324773	 	
1. Workers	 	256090 	
1.1 Directly employed	 	219973 	
1.1.1 Men	 	118816 	
1.1.2 Women	 	101157 	
1.2 Employed Through Contractors	 	36117 	
2. Employees Other Than Workers	 	67045 	
2.1 Supervisory and Managerial Staff	 	31220 	
2.2 Other Employees	 	35825 	
3. Unpaid family members/proprietor etc. 	1638 	
B. Total Man-days employed (in â000)  92496 
C.  Wages and 	Salaries Including Employer's Contribution 	
(	lakhs) 	
915447 	
1 Wages and Salaries Including Bonus	 	771302 	
1.1 Wages and Salaries	 	730404 	
1.1.1 Workers	 	436431 	
1.1.2 Supervisory & Managerial Staff	 	198298 	
1.1.3 Other Employees	 	95676 	
1.2 Bonus to all Staff	 	40898 	
2.Employer's Contribution	 	144144

Figure 2 	
 	
 	
 	
Figure 3 	
   	
78.85%	
20.64%	
0.50%	
Distribution of number of persons engaged in 	
manufacturing sector of Kerala 	
Workers
Employees Other Than
Workers
Unpaid family
members/proprietor
etc.	
ôð9	
íò9	
Distribution of emoluments paid to the employees 	
in the industries of Kerala	
 Wages and Salaries
Including Bonus
Employer's
Contribution

24 	
 
Gender based distribution of directly 	
employed workers 	
The  survey  estimates  the  gender  based 
distribution of directly employed  workers 
in  the  factories.    Among        the  2,  19,973 	
directly  employed  workers  in 
manufacturing  sector  of  the  state  about      
1,18,816  are  male  and  1,01,157  are 
female.  The  male  and  female 
representation  is  54%  and  46% 
respectively.   	
 	
 	
Figure 4	
. 
 
 	
 *********** 	
 
 	
101157	
118816	
10000
30000
50000
70000
90000	
110000
130000	
Women Men	
G e n d e r   b a s e d   d i s t r i b u t i o n   o f   d i r e c t l y   e m p l o y e d   w o r k e r s  	
i n   m a n u f a c t u r i n g   i n d u s t r i e s   o f   K e r a l a ,   2 0 1 7 - 1 8

DISTRICT WISE ESTIMATES 	 	
      	
CHAPTER 3 	
 	
District  wise  view  of      principal 
characteristics  of  organized 
manufacturing sector

Districtwise Distribution of factories in Kerala	
i ndza ra .com	
KA NNUR	
THRISSUR	
PALAKKAD	
ERNAKULAM	
IDUKKI	
KOTTAYAM	
ALAPPUZHA	
PATHA NAMTHITTA	
KOLLAM	
THIRUV ANANTHA PURAM	
7 0 7	
5 1 1	
8 5 2	
1 ,4 6 7	
1 52	
4 3 0	
6 13	
2 0 8	
1 ,1 0 3	
3 3 5	
egional  and  geographical 
disparities  of  various 
districts  of  the  state  may 	
reflect  in  their  industrial  statistics. 
Sustainable  developmental  strategies 
conducive  for  progress  in  this  sector 
with  due  consideration  of  the 
geographical  features  demands  a  grass 
root  level  planning.  Surveys  and 
studies  in  this  level  make  way  for 
decentralised  planning  which  is 
imperative  for  industrial  development.  
This  section  presents  a  vivid  picture  of 
the  manufacturing  sector  in  the  14 
districts  of  Kerala.    The  findings  of  the 
survey  play  a  significant  role  in 
identifying  the  areas  that  needs  to  be 
prioritized for better development. 	
Ernakulam  district  tops  with 	
1467  factories  which  accounts  to  about 
19%  of  the  total  number  of  estimated 
factories  in  Kerala.    The  least  is 	
recorded  by  Wyanad  district  with  an 
                                           
              	           	  	
                       Figure 5	 estimate  of  63  factories  (approx0.1%
of state value) (see Figure 5).

29 	
Out  of  the  14  districts  in  Kerala 
Ernakulam  district  tops  with  an  estimate 
of 1467 factories (19.31% of state value).  
The  second  highest  is  recorded  by 
Kollam  district  with  an  estimate  of  1103 
factories. Ernakulam district continues to 
record  highest  percentage  of  factories 	
over a period of at least 7 years.  Wyanad 
district  has  the  least  number  of  factories 
with  an  estimate  of  63  (approximately 
1% of state value).  Thrissur district with 
852  factories  stands  in  the  third  position 
(11.22  %  of  state  value)  (	see  Table3	).	
 	
Table 3: District wise distribution of Factories of Kerala, 2017-18 	
Districts	 	Number of 
factories	 	
Percentage of 	
factories	 	
Kasaragod	 	370 	4.87 	
Kannur	 	707  9.31 	
Wayanad	 	63 	0.83 	
Kozhikode	 	500  6.58 	
Malappuram	 	285 	3.75 	
Palakkad	 	511  6.73 	
Thrissur	 	852 	11.22 	
Ernakulam	 	1467  19.31 	
Idukki	 	152 	2.00 	
Kottayam	 	430  5.66 	
Alappuzha	 	613 	8.07 	
Pathanamthitta	 	208  2.74 	
Kollam	 	1103 	14.53 	
Thiruvananthapuram	 	335  4.40 	
Total	 	7596 	100.00

30 	
 	
Figure 6 	
Itâs  noteworthy that  estimated number of 
factories  not  in  operation  in  the  state  has 
decreased  to	 13.9  %  in  2017-18  from 	
18.5%  in  2016-17.    Estimated  figures 
show  that  27%  of  factories  not  in 
operation  in the state falls   in  Ernakulam 	
district  whereas  Kannur  and  Kollam 
districts accounts to about 17 % and 14% 
of  the  same  respectively.  The  detailed 
picture  of  the  same  is  given  in 	Table  4 	
and 	Figure 7.	 	
 	
0	
200
400
600
800	
1000
1200
1400
1600	
Kasaragod	
Kannur	
Wayanad	
Kozhikode	
Malappuram	
Palakkad	
Thrissur	
Ernakulam	
Idukki	
Kottayam	
Alappuzha	
Pathanamthitta	
Kollam	
Thiruvananthapuram	
370	
707	
63	
500	
285	
511	
852	
1467	
152	
430	
613	
208	
1103	
335	
Districtwise distribution of factories in organised manufacturing 	
sector, 2017-18

31  
Table 4: District wise distribution of Factories not in operation in Kerala, 2017-18 	
Districts  Factories not in 
operation  Percentage of factories not in 
operation 
Kasaragod 	88 	8 	
Kannur 	184 	17 	
Wayanad 	1 	0 	
Kozhikode 	75 	7 	
Malappuram 	19 	2 	
Palakkad 	6 	1 	
Thrissur 	62 	6 	
Ernakulam 	289 	27 	
Idukki 	17 	2 	
Kottayam 	18 	2 	
Alappuzha 	101 	10 	
Pathanamthitta 	7 	1 	
Kollam 	144 	14 	
Thiruvananthapuram	 	47 	4 	
Total   1058  100 	
 
Figure 7  	
282
523 62
425 266
505
790
1,178 135412
512 201
960
287
88
184 1
75 19
6
62
289 1718
101 7
144 47
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%	
Kasaragod Kannur
Wayanad
Kozhikode
Malappuram
PalakkadThrissur
Ernakulam Idukki
Kottayam
Alappuzha
Pathanamthitta Kollam
Thiruvananthapuram	
D i s t r i c t w i s e   d i s t r i b u t i o n   o f   f a c t o r i e s   i n   o p e r a t i o n   a n d   n o t  
i n   o p e r a t i o n	
Factories in operation	Factories not in operation

32 	
Capital of manufacturing sector 	
The  capital  invested  in  a  manufacturing 
firm  is  one  of  the  factors  that  create 
value  addition  in  the  product.      Fixed 
capital represents the fixed assets owned 
by  the  factory  such  as  land,  building, 
plant  &  machinery,  transport  equipment 
and  other  equipments  whereas  working 
capital  is  the  capital  which  forms  the 
part  of  the  day-  to-day  activities  of 
production.    The  fixed  capital  and 
physical working capital sum up to form 
the invested capital of the industry.   	
As  per  survey  results,  manufacturing 
industries  of  Ernakulam  district  has  the 
highest  invested  capital,  fixed  capital 
and  physical  working  with  an  estimate 
of     	40,  20,422  lakhs  (64.89%), 	29, 	
82,597  lakhs  (68.26%)  and 	10,  37,825 	
lakhs  (56.85%)  respectively.   	    Whereas 	
Wayanad  district  has  the  least  invested 
and physical working capital of 	17,745 	
lakhs  and 	  5,457  lakhs  respectively 	
(0.28%  and  0.29%  of  state  value)  and 
Kasargod  district  has  the  least  fixed 
capital  of 	9866  lakhs  (0.22%  of  state 	
value).	
Table 5: District wise estimate of Fixed Capital, Physical working Capital and Invested Capital	 	
Districts  Fixed Capital 	
(Value in	lakhs) 	
Physical Working 	
Capital 	
(Value in	 lakhs) 	
Invested 
Capital 
(Value in	
lakhs) 	
Kasaragod 	9866  10468  20333 	
Kannur 	52353  30125  82478 	
Wayanad 	12288  5457  17745 	
Kozhikode 	114024  54495  168519 	
Malappuram 	43149  39273  82422 	
Palakkad 	228332  137357  365689 	
Thrissur 	148907  77626  226533 	
Ernakulam 	2982597  1037825  4020422 	
Idukki 	67869  23810  91678 	
Kottayam 	174385  71556  245941 	
Alappuzha 	178991  137130  316121 	
Pathanamthitta 	64780  16533  81314 	
Kollam 	176704  118569  295274 	
Thiruvananthapuram	 	115038  65312  180350 	
Total  4369284  1825536  6194820

Figure 8 	
 	
Input and Output 	
Any  policy  which  aims  for  a  potential 
use  of  available  resources  leading  to 
increased  output  is  expected  to  achieve 
the  desired  goal.  Attempts  have  been 
made to estimate the input and output of 
the manufacturing sector.   	
The  input  of  the  production  process 
includes  value  of  fuels  consumed, 
materials  consumed  for  manufacturing 
and  other  expenses.    Gross  output  is 
defined  to  include  the  ex-factory  value 
of  products  and  by-products 
manufactured  during  the  accounting 
year,  and  the  net  value  of  semi-finished 
goods  or  work-in-progress  and  also  the 	
Kasaragod	
0.23%	
Kannur	
1.20%	
Wayanad	
0.28%	
Kozhikode	
2.61%	
Malappuram	
0.99%	
Palakkad	
5.23%	
Thrissur	
3.41%	
Eranakulam	
68.26%	
Idukki	
1.55%	
Kottayam	
3.99%	
Alappuzha	
4.10%	
Pathanamthitta	
1.48%	
Kollam	
4.04%	
Thiruvananthapur	
am	
2.63%	
District wise distribution of fixed capital of factories  in Kerala

receipts for industrial and non-industrial 
services  rendered  to  others,  value  of 
semi-finished  goods  of  previous  year 
sold  in  the  current  year,  sale  value  of 
goods  sold  in  the  same  condition  as 
purchased  and  value  of  electricity 
generated and sold.       	
The highest input and output is recorded 
by  Ernakulam  district  with  an  estimate 
of 	 91, 92,936	 lakhs and 	 1, 03, 83,427 	
lakhs  respectively  (64.48%  and  62.71% 
of  the  state  value).    District  wise 
estimate  of the same is  illustrated in  the 
Table 6	, Figure 9	 and 	Figure 10. 	
 	
Table 6: District wise estimate of Input and output of the factories of Kerala, 2017-18	 	
Districts 	Total Input 
(in 	 lakhs ) 	
Percentage 	
of input 	
Total Output	 	
(in 	 lakhs) 	
Percentage of 	
output 	
Kasaragod 	41173 	0.28 	55576 	0.4 	
Kannur 	132044  0.93  173387  1.05 	
Wayanad 	52227 	0.37 	77065 	0.47 	
Kozhikode 	400813  2.81  486613  2.94 	
Malappuram 	267154 	1.87 	306775 	1.85 	
Palakkad 	661741  4.64  779810  4.71 	
Thrissur 	712316 	5 	860167 	5.2 	
Ernakulam 	9192936  64.48  10383427  62.71 	
Idukki 	161769 	1.13 	208955 	1.26 	
Kottayam 	635001  4.45  796505  4.81 	
Alappuzha 	882752 	6.19 	1010743 	6.10 	
Pathanamthitta 	136701  0.96  191194  1.15 	
Kollam 	669478 	4.7 	780668 	4.72 	
Thiruvananthapuram 	310372  2.18  445693  2.69 	
Total 	14256475 	100 	16556578 	100

Figure 9 	
 	
Figure 10	
Kasaragod	
Kannur	
Wayanad	
Kozhikode	
Malappuram	
Palakkad	
Thrissur	
Ernakulam	
Idukki	
Kottayam	
Alappuzha	
Pathanamthitta	
Kollam	
Thiruvananthapuram	
41173	
132044	
52227
400813	
267154	
661741	
712316	
9192936	
161769	
635001	
882752	
136701	
669478	
310372	
District wise distribution of input (in	lakhs) of the factories in 	
Kerala , 2017-18	
20000	
2020000
4020000
6020000
8020000	
10020000
12020000	
Kasaragod	
Kannur	
Wayanad	
Kozhikode	
Malappuram	
Palakkad	
Thrissur	
Ernakulam	
Idukki	
Kottayam	
Alappuzha	
Pathanamthitta	
Kollam	
Thiruvananthapuram	
55576	
173387	
77065	
486613	
306775	
779810	
860167	
10383427	
208955	
796505	
1010743	
191194	
780668	
445693	
Output (in 	lakhs	)	
Districts	
District wise distribution of output (in 	lakhs) of factories in Kerala

36 	
Profit 	
The profit is obtained by deducting total 
emoluments  and  supplement  to 
emoluments  from  net  income. 
Ernakulam  district  has  earned  highest 	
profit  of  about 	5,  88,357  lakhs  (66.6 	
%  of  state  value).      Industries  in 
Kasargod  district  has  earned  the  least 
profit  of  about	1,478  lakhs  (0.2%  of 	
state  value).    The  profit  earned  by 
organised  manufacturing  sector  in  14 
districts of state is illustrated in 	Table 7.	
Table 7: District wise distribution of Profit earned by organised manufacturing sector of 	
Kerala, 2017-18 	
Districts 	
Profit 	
( in 	 lakhs)  Percentage of profit 	
Kasaragod 	1478 	0.2 	
Kannur 	1808 	0.2 	
Wayanad 	18909 	2.1 	
Kozhikode 	17459 	2.0 	
Malappuram 	8457 	1.0 	
Palakkad 	31975 	3.6 	
Thrissur 	55359 	6.3 	
Ernakulam 	588357 	66.6 	
Idukki 	10404 	1.2 	
Kottayam 	46010 	5.2 	
Alappuzha 	38354 	4.3 	
Pathanamthitta 	14480 	1.6 	
Kollam 	13341 	1.5 	
Thiruvananthapuram 	37621 	4.3 	
Total 	884010 	100.00 	
 	
Gross Value Added (GVA) 	
The  value  added  by  each  industry  is  a 
significant  measure  of  contribution  in 
the GDP of the state. Gross value added 
is  the  increment  to  the  value  of  goods 
and  services  contributed  by  the  factory 	
which  is  obtained  by  deducting  the 
value  of  total  input  from  total  output.  
As  per  the  survey  estimates  the  highest 
contribution  of  51.3  %  of  state  GVA  is 
made  by  manufacturing  sector  of 
Ernakulam  district.    The  percentage 
contribution  of  remaining  districts  lies 
in  the  range  0  to  10.  (	See  Table  8)	.

Table 8: District wise distribution of Gross Value Added (GVA) of organised manufacturing sector 	
of Kerala, 2017-18	 	
Districts 	
Gross Value Added (GVA)     
 ( Value in â¹ Lakhs)  Percentage of GVA 	
Kasaragod 	14403 	0.6 	
Kannur  41342  1.8 
Wayanad 	24839 	1.1 	
Kozhikode  85800  3.8 
Malappuram 	39621 	1.7 	
Palakkad  118069  5.2 
Thrissur 	147851 	6.5 	
Ernakulam  1170286  51.3 
Idukki 	47186 	2.1 	
Kottayam  161505  7.1 
Alappuzha 	127991 	5.6 	
Pathanamthitta  54493  2.4 
Kollam 	111190 	4.9 	
Thiruvananthapuram  135321  5.9 
Total 	2279897 	100 	
 	
 	
Figure 11 	 	
Kasaragod	
1%	
Kannur	
2%	
Wayanad	
1%	
Kozhikode	
4%	
Malappuram	
2%	
Palakkad	
5%	
Thrissur	
6%	
Eranakulam	
51%	
Idukki	
2%	
Kottayam	
7%	
Alappuzha	
6%	
Pathanamthitt	
a	
2%	
Kollam	
5%	
Thiruvananth	
apuram	
6%	
Districtwise distribution of Gross Value Added (GVA) of 	
manufacturing sector in Kerala, 2017-18

38 	
Employment and Emoluments paid 	
The  labor force available,  the number of 
hours  utilized  in  the  productive  activity, 
the  women  representation,  emoluments 
paid  etc.  are  some  of  the  significant 
factors  that  stimulate  the  economic 
progress  of  this  sector.    Out  of  the  total 
number  of  persons  engaged  in  the 	
manufacturing sector of state Ernakulam 
district  has  the  highest  estimate  of  about 
80,710  persons  (24.9%  of  state  value.   
Kollam  district  stands  in  the  second 
position  with  an  estimate  of  about 
49,876  workers  contributing  15.4%  of 
state value.  The percentage contribution 
of other districts lies in the range 0 to 10 
(see Table 9 	and 	Figure 12	). 	
Table 9: District wise distribution of number of persons engaged in manufacturing sector 	
of Kerala, 2017-18 	
Districts     Number of persons Engaged 	
Percentage of 
persons engaged 	
Kasargod 	13828 	4.3 	
Kannur 	14690 	4.5 	
Wayanad 	1826 	0.6 	
Kozhikode 	18491 	5.7 	
Malappuram 	8124 	2.5 	
Palakkad 	17061 	5.3 	
Thrissur 	24362 	7.5 	
Ernakulam 	80710 	24.9 	
Idukki 	9642 	3.0 	
Kottayam 	18719 	5.8 	
Alappuzha 	31177 	9.6 	
Pathanamthitta 	13294 	4.1 	
Kollam 	49876 	15.4 	
Thiruvananthapuram 	22974 	7.1 	
Total  	324773  100.0

39 	
Figure 12	 	
The  survey  categorises  the  employees   
as  workers,  employees  other  than 
workers  and  unpaid  family 
members/proprietor  etc.  Further, 
workers  are  categorised  as  directly 
employed  and  employed  through 
contractors.   
Manufacturing  sector  in  Ernakulam 
district  equips  with  the  highest  number 	
of  directly  employed  workers  (21.8  % 
of  state  value).    Out  of  these  69.2%  are 
men  and  30.8%  women.    The  second 
highest  is  recorded  by  Kollam  district 
with  a  proportion  of  20.5%  of  state 
value  with  83.6%  women  and  16.4% 
men  (	see  Table  10  and  Figure  13	). 	
 
 	
0	
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000	
Kasargod	
Kannur	
Wayanad	
Kozhikode	
Malappuram	
Palakkad	
Thrissur	
Eranakulam	
Idukki	
Kottayam	
Alappuzha	
Pathanamthitta	
Kollam	
Thiruvananthapuram	
13828	
14690	
1826	
18491	
8124	
17061	
24362	
80710	
9642	
18719	
31177	
13294	
49876	
22974	
no.of persons engaged	
Districts	
District wise distribution of no.of persons engaged in factories of Kerala, 	
2017-18

Table 10: District wise gender based distribution of directly employed workers 
in manufacturing sector of Kerala, 2017-18
	
Districts   Men   Women Total 
Kasargod 	739 	3620 	4360	 	
Kannur  4880  6650  11530	 	
Wayanad 	991 	263 	1254	 	
Kozhikode 8846  2383  11229	 	
Malappuram 	3849 	1169 	5018	 	
Palakkad 7177  2429  9606	 	
Thrissur 	12812 	4544 	17356	 	
Ernakulam 33196  14770  47966	 	
Idukki 	4138 	2557 	6696	 	
Kottayam  8635  2385  11020	 	
Alappuzha 	11360 	11568 	22928	 	
Pathanamthitta 5378  5278  10656	 	
Kollam 	7370 	37667 	45036	 	
Thiruvananthapuram 
9443  5874  15317	 	
Total  	118816 	101157 	219973	 	
 
 
Figure 13   	
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0	
Kasargod
Kannur
Wayanad
Kozhikode
Malappuram
PalakkadThrissur
Eranakulam
Idukki
Kottayam
Alappuzha
Pathanamthitta Kollam
Thiruvananthapuram	
17.0
42.3
79.1
78.8
76.7
74.7
73.8
69.2
61.8 78.4
49.5
50.5
16.4 61.6 83.0
57.7
20.9
21.2
23.3
25.3
26.2
30.8
38.2 21.6
50.5
49.5
83.6 38.4	
D i s t r i c t w i s e   D i s t r i b u t i o n   O f   D i r e c t l y   E m p l o y e d     M a l e   - F e m a l e   W o r k e r s ,   2 0 1 7 - 1 8	
Percentage of Men	Percentage of Women

41 	
The  categorical  distribution  of 
employees  working  in  manufacturing 	
sector  of  14  districts  of  the  state  is 
illustrated  in  the 	Table  11	. 	
 	
Table 11: Categorical distribution of persons engaged in manufacturing sector of 	
districts of Kerala, 2017-18 	
Districts 	Workers 	
Employees 
Other Than 	
Workers 	
Unpaid family 	
members/proprietor 	
etc. 	
Kasargod 	13250 	477 	100 	
Kannur 	12449 	2103 	137 	
Wayanad 	1383 	424 	19 	
Kozhikode 	12303 	6126 	62 	
Malappuram 	5935 	2122 	67 	
Palakkad 	13074 	3847 	140 	
Thrissur 	18969 	5248 	145 	
Eranakulam 	58831 	21655 	223 	
Idukki 	7192 	2437 	14 	
Kottayam 	12424 	6203 	91 	
Alappuzha 	25351 	5670 	156 	
Pathanamthitta 	11220 	2023 	51 	
Kollam 	45183 	4299 	393 	
Thiruvananthapuram 	18524 	4410 	39 	
Total  	256090 	67045 	1638 	
 
Apart  from  this,  the  survey  estimates 
the  emoluments  paid  to  the 
employees  in  the  manufacturing 
sector.  Figures  show  that  in 
Ernakulam  district  the  wages  and 
salaries  including  bonus  of  the 	
employees  accounts  to  about              	
2,  77,096  lakhs  whereas  employersâ 	
contribution accounts to about 	61,001.  	
The  detailed  picture  of  the  same  is 
shown in the 	Table 12	 and 	Figure 14	.

42 	
Table 12: District wise Distribution of emoluments paid to employees in manufacturing 	
sector of Kerala, 2017-18 	
Districts 	
Wages & Salary Including 	
Bonus (value in	lakhs) 	
 Employers' 
Contribution  	
(value in	lakhs) 	
Kasargod 	10092 	1127 	
Kannur 	24541 	4098 	
Wayanad 	3321 	429 	
Kozhikode 	42548 	6739 	
Malappuram 	18435 	3021 	
Palakkad 	43141 	7493 	
Thrissur 	57694 	11715 	
Eranakulam 	277096 	61001 	
Idukki 	24142 	3963 	
Kottayam 	70465 	12076 	
Alappuzha 	50036 	8935 	
Pathanamthitta 	25613 	2995 	
Kollam 	60495 	9141 	
Thiruvananthapuram	 	63684 	11411 	
Total  	771302 	144144 	
 	
 	
Figure 14 	
*************** 	
0	20000400006000080000100000120000140000160000180000200000220000240000260000280000300000320000340000	
Kasargod	
Kannur	
Wayanad	
Kozhikode	
Malappuram	
Palakkad	
Thrissur	
Eranakulam	
Idukki	
Kottayam	
Alappuzha	
Pathanamthitta	
Kollam	
Thiruvananthapuram	
Districtwise Distribution of emoluments (in 	lakhs) paid to the 	
employees in manufacturing sector of Kerala, 2017-18	
Wages & Salary Including Bonus	 Employers' Contribution

Industrial Statistics Based On National 	
Industrial Classification (NIC 2008) 	
     	 	
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�F�K�D�U�D�F�W�H�U�L�V�W�L�F�V  �R�I  �I�D�F�W�R�U�\  �V�H�F�W�R�U 
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�L�Q�G�X�V�W�U�L�H�V�

45 	
 
 
 	
 	
ational  Industrial  Classification 
(NIC),  2008  is  a  Statistical 
Standard  used  to  categorize  the 	
industries  based  on  the  economic  activity 
involved  and  to  facilitate  comparison.  NIC 
code  is  given  as  per  maximum  ex-factory 
value  of  major  product  out  of  the  multiple 
products  and  the  by-products  manufactured 
by  the  units.    Itâs  a  standard  industrial 
classification  system  developed  to  facilitate 
a basis for analysing myriad industries based 
on  economic  activity  involved  and  for 
comparability  with  International  Standards.  
An  attempt  has  been  made  in  this  survey  to 
bring  forth  the  industrial  statistics  based  on 
NIC categorization.  Itâs an aid for the policy 
makers  for  assessing  the  contribution  of 
each  economic  activity  towards  the  stateâs 	
economy  and  to  formulate  policies  for  the 
progress of the sector. 
Manufacturing industries by 2-digit 	
NIC, 2008 	
In  the  organised  manufacturing  sector  of 
Kerala,  the  highest  of  about  21.4%  factories 
are  involved  in  the  manufacture  of  food 
products  and  the  least  of  0.1%  in  motor 
vehicles,  trailers  and  semi-trailers.    The 
second  and  third  highest  are  non-metallic 
mineral  products  manufacturing  industries 
(12.9%)  and  wood  and  products  of  wood 
and  cork,  except  furniture;  manufacture  of 
articles  of  straw  and  plaiting  materials 
(11.3%) respectively.

46 
Table 12: Distribution of factories by major factory group at 2-digit NIC 2008

   
NIC 
Code  Description  Number of 
factories 
  Percentage of 
Factories 	
10 	 Manufacture of food products  	1624 	21.4 	
11  Manufacture of beverages   63  0.8 
12 	 Manufacture of tobacco products  	500 	6.6 	
13  Manufacture of textiles   423  5.6 
14 	 Manufacture of wearing apparel  	51 	0.7 	
15  Manufacture of leather and related products   203  2.7 
16 	Manufacture of wood and products of wood 
and cork,except furniture ;manufacture of 
articles of straw and plaiting materials 	857 	11.3 	
17  Manufacture of paper and paper products  134  1.8 
18 	 Printing and reproduction of recorded media  	156 	2.1 	
19  Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum 
products  27  0.4 
20 	
 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical 
products  	146 	1.9 	
21   Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal 
chemical and botanical products  159  2.1 
22 	 Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 	629 	8.3 	
23   Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral 
products  978  12.9 
24 	Manufacture of basic metals 	122 	1.6 	
25   Manufacture of fabricated metal products, 
except machinery and equipment  200  2.6 
26 	 Manufacture of computer, electronic and 
optical products 	54 	0.7 	
27   Manufacture of electrical equipment   92  1.2 
28 	
 Manufacture of machinery and equipment 
n.e.c 	78 	1.0 	
29  Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and 
semitrailers  9  0.1 
30 	 Manufacture of other transport equipment  	23 	0.3 	
31   Manufacture of furniture   130  1.7 
32 	 Other manufacturing  	74 	1.0 	
33  Repair and installation of machinery and 
equipment  44  0.6 
58 	 Publishing activities  	22 	0.3 	
   Others  798  10.5 	
  	Total 	7596 	100

Figure 15 
Capital of industries by 2-digit NIC, 	
2008 	
The  industries  manufacturing  coke  and 
refined  petroleum  products  have  made 
highest  investment  on  fixed  assets  in  the 
year  2017-18.  The  estimated  value  of 
fixed  capital  is 	
23,  78,086  lakhs  which  accounts  to  about  54.4  %  of  state  value 
followed  by  food  manufacturing 
industries with an estimate of 	
 4, 58,368 

capital of remaining industries lies .in the 
range  0  to  10  percentage  of  state  value 
( see Table 13 and Figure 16 ). 
 	
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800	
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
58
Others 1624
63 500
423
51 203
857
134 156
27 146
159 629
978
122
200
54 92
78
9
23
130
74
44
22 798
Distribution of no.of factories of ma jor factory group  at 2-digit 
NIC 2008, 2017-18 lakhs (10.5 % of state value).   The fixed

48 	
Table 13: Distribution of fixed capital by major factory group at 2-digit NIC 2008 
NIC 2 
digit  
Code  Description 	
Fixed Capital 
(Value in â¹ 	
Lakhs) 	
Percentage 
of Fixed 
Capital 	
10 	 Manufacture of food products  	458368 	10.49 	
11 	Manufacture of beverages   30153  0.69 	
12 	 Manufacture of tobacco products  	1632 	0.04 	
13 	 Manufacture of textiles   136895  3.13 	
14 	 Manufacture of wearing apparel  	24425 	0.56 	
15 	 Manufacture of leather and related products   30223  0.69 	
16 	Manufacture of wood and products of wood and 
cork, except furniture ;manufacture of articles of 
straw and plaiting materials 	28639 	0.66 	
17 	 Manufacture of paper and paper products  27378  0.63 	
18 	 Printing and reproduction of recorded media  	100613 	2.30 	
19 	 Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum 
products  2378086  54.43 	
20 	
 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical 
products  	124343 	2.85 	
21 	 Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal 
chemical and botanical products  54280  1.24 	
22 	 Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 	252851 	5.79 	
23 	
 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral 
products  173473  3.97 	
24 	Manufacture of basic metals 	92445 	2.12 	
25 	 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, 
except machinery and equipment  32328  0.74 	
26 	
 Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical 
products 	48328 	1.11 	
27 	 Manufacture of electrical equipment   20048  0.46 	
28 	 Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c 	11359 	0.26 	
29 	 Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and 
semitrailers  956  0.02 	
30 	 Manufacture of other transport equipment  	64661 	1.48 	
31 	 Manufacture of furniture   11809  0.27 	
32 	 Other manufacturing  	16048 	0.37 	
33 	
 Repair and installation of machinery and 
equipment  5233  0.12 	
58 	 Publishing activities  	30596 	0.70 	
Others  214115  4.90 	
  	Total 	4369284 	100

Figure 16 
 
The  figures  of  the  survey  results  show 
that  coke  and  refined  petroleum 
products  manufacturing  industries  has 
the  highest  invested  capital  of 	
28, 
55,260  lakhs  (46.1%  of  state  value).  
Food  manufacturing  industries  stands  in  the  second  position  with  an  estimate 
of 	
8,  27,490  lakhs  which  accounts  to 
about  13.4%  of  state  value.    The 
contribution  of  remaining  industries  is 
illustrated in  Table 14 and Figure 17 . 
 
 
 
 	
458368 30153
1632
136895
24425 30223 28639
27378
100613
2378086
124343
54280
252851
173473
92445
32328
48328
20048
11359
956
64661
1180916048
523330596 214115
Distribution of Fixed capital (in lakhs) in the factory sector by 2-
digit NIC , 2008	
10	11	12	13	14	15	16	
17	18	19	20	21	22	23	
24	25	26	27	28	29	30	
31	32	33	58	Others

50 	
Table 14: Distribution of invested capital by major factory group at 2-digit NIC 2008 	
NIC 2 
digit  
Code  Description 	
Invested 	
Capital (Value 	
In â¹ Lakhs) 	
Percentage 
of Invested 	
Capital 	
10 	 Manufacture of food products  	827490 	13.4 	
11 	Manufacture of beverages   39223  0.6 	
12 	 Manufacture of tobacco products  	3108 	0.1 	
13 	 Manufacture of textiles   226652  3.7 	
14 	 Manufacture of wearing apparel  	36818 	0.6 	
15 	 Manufacture of leather and related products   60599  1.0 	
16 	Manufacture of wood and products of wood and 
cork,except furniture ;manufacture of articles of 
straw and plaiting materials 	58155 	0.9 	
17 	 Manufacture of paper and paper products  36764  0.6 	
18 	 Printing and reproduction of recorded media  	119051 	1.9 	
19 	 Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum 
products  2855260  46.1 	
20 	 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products  	266812 	4.3 	
21 	
 Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal 
chemical and botanical products  98501  1.6 	
22 	 Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 	365374 	5.9 	
23 	 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral 
products  222007  3.6 	
24 	Manufacture of basic metals 	179785 	2.9 	
25 	 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except 
machinery and equipment  54930  0.9 	
26 	 Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical 
products 	102009 	1.6 	
27 	 Manufacture of electrical equipment   45449  0.7 	
28 	 Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c 	24801 	0.4 	
29 	 Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and 
semitrailers  1818  0.0 	
30 	 Manufacture of other transport equipment  	106958 	1.7 	
31 	 Manufacture of furniture   22506  0.4 	
32 	 Other manufacturing  	101950 	1.6 	
33 	
 Repair and installation of machinery and 
equipment  6659  0.1 	
58 	 Publishing activities  	35533 	0.6 	
Others  296609  4.8 	
  	Total 	6194820 	100

Figure 17 
 
Output of factory sector by 2-digit NIC 	
2008 	
The coke and refined petroleum products 
manufacturing  sector  has  made  the 
highest  output  with  an  estimate  of           	
53,  26,990  lakhs  (32.2  %  of  state 
value)  followed  by  industries  manufacturing  food  products  with  an 
estimate  of 	
35,  25,679  lakhs  (21.3  % 
of  state  value).    The  least  output  is 
recorded  by  facory  sector  manufacturing 
motor  vehicles,  trailers  and  semitrailers 
(	
4,126  lakhs).    The  Table  15  and 
Figure  18   demonstrate  the  detail  picture 
of the same.  
 
 	
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000	
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
58
Others	
827490
39223 3108
226652
36818 60599
58155
36764
119051
2855260
266812
98501
365374
222007
179785
54930
102009
45449
24801 1818
106958
22506
101950
6659
35533
296609
Distribution of invested capital (in  lakhs) in the factory sector by 2-digit NIC 2008

52 	
Table 15: Distribution of output of factories by major factory group at 2-digit NIC 2008 
NIC 2 
digit  
Code 	
Description 	Total Output   
(Value in â¹ 	
Lakhs) 	
Percentage 
of   Output 	
10 	 Manufacture of food products  	3525679 	21.29 	
11 	Manufacture of beverages  	122299  0.74 	
12 	 Manufacture of tobacco products  	16083 	0.10 	
13 	 Manufacture of textiles  	426914  2.58 	
14 	 Manufacture of wearing apparel  	81119 	0.49 	
15 	 Manufacture of leather and related products  	238421  1.44 	
16 	Manufacture of wood and products of wood and 
cork ,except furniture ;manufacture of articles of 
straw and plaiting materials 	
153492 	0.93 	
17 	 Manufacture of paper and paper products 	77942  0.47 	
18 	 Printing and reproduction of recorded media  	210485 	1.27 	
19 	 Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum 
products 	5326990  32.17 	
20 	 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical 
products  	756314 	4.57 	
21 	 Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal 
chemical and botanical products 	252213  1.52 	
22 	 Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 	1054281 	6.37 	
23 	 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral 
products 	375698  2.27 	
24 	Manufacture of basic metals 	392213 	2.37 	
25 	 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, 
except machinery and equipment 	121911  0.74 	
26 	 Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical 
products 	263177 	1.59 	
27 	 Manufacture of electrical equipment  	152757  0.92 	
28 	 Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c 	48327 	0.29 	
29 	 Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and 
semitrailers 	4126  0.02 	
30 	 Manufacture of other transport equipment  	257826 	1.56 	
31 	 Manufacture of furniture  	48090  0.29 	
32 	 Other manufacturing  	2003717 	12.10 	
33 	 Repair and installation of machinery and 
equipment 	8660  0.05 	
58 	 Publishing activities  	80588 	0.49 	
 	Others 	557259  3.37 	
  	Total 	16556578 	100.00

53   
Figure 18 
 
 
Gross Value Added (GVA) 
The  industries  manufacturing  coke  & 
refined  petroleum  products  made  the 
highest contribution of Gross Value Added 
of  the  stateâs  manufacturing  sector.  The 
survey estimated that about 20.3 % of total  GVA  is  contributed  by  this  industry.    The 
second  and  third  highest  GVA  is  recorded 
by  industries  manufacturing  food  products 
(16.4%)  and  chemicals  &  chemical 
products  (10.9%)  respectively.  The 
detailed picture of the remaining industries 
is illustrated in  Table 16 and Figure 19 .  
 
 
 
 	
21% 1%
0%
3%
0%
1%
1%
0%
1%
32%
5%
2% 6%
2%
2%
1%
2%
1%
0%
0%
2%
0%
12%0%
0%
3%
Distribution of output of  factory sector by 2-digit NIC 2008	
10	11	12	13	14	15	16	
17	18	19	20	21	22	23	
24	25	26	27	28	29	30

54 	
Table 16: Distribution of Gross Value Added (GVA) of factories by major factory group at 	
 2-digit NIC 2008 	
 	
NIC 2 	
digit  Code	 	Description 	
      GVA   	
(Value in â¹ Lakhs) 	
Percentage 	
of GVA 	
10 	 Manufacture of food products  	373307 	16.4 	
11 	Manufacture of beverages  	29885 	1.3 	
12 	 Manufacture of tobacco products  	10321 	0.5 	
13 	 Manufacture of textiles  	77679 	3.4 	
14 	 Manufacture of wearing apparel  	31592 	1.4 	
15 	
 Manufacture of leather and related 
products  	40681 	1.8 	
16 	Manufacture of wood and products of wood 
and cork,except furniture ;manufacture of 
articles of straw and plaiting materials 	24310 	1.1 	
17 	 Manufacture of paper and paper products 	10850 	0.5 	
18 	
 Printing and reproduction of recorded 
media  	90585 	4.0 	
19 	 Manufacture of coke and refined 
petroleum products 	462662 	20.3 	
20 	
 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical 
products  	249027 	10.9 	
21 	 Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, 
medicinal chemical and botanical products 	75166 	3.3 	
22 	 Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 	208685 	9.2 	
23 	 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral 
products 	142797 	6.3 	
24 	Manufacture of basic metals 	20101 	0.9 	
25 	 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, 
except machinery and equipments 	21654 	0.9 	
26 	 Manufacture of computer, electronic and 
optical products 	67591 	3.0 	
27 	 Manufacture of electrical equipment  	38902 	1.7 	
28 	
 Manufacture of machinery and equipment 
n.e.c 	13062 	0.6 	
29 	 Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and 
semitrailers 	1070 	0.0 	
30 	 Manufacture of other transport equipment  	87425 	3.8 	
31 	 Manufacture of furniture  	12552 	0.6 	
32 	 Other manufacturing  	80853 	3.5 	
33 	
 Repair and installation of machinery and 
equipment 	1277 	0.1 	
58 	 Publishing activities  	31506 	1.4 	
Others 	76354 	3.3 	
  	Total 	2279897 	100

Figure 19 
 
Income generated by the industries  
As  per  the  survey  figures  income 
generated  by  coke  and  refined  petroleum 
products  is  the  highest  which  accounts  to 
about  19.5%  of  state  value.    The  food 
manufacturing  industry  stands  in  the  second  position  whereas  chemical  and 
chemical  products  industry  in  the  third 
position  which  contributes  approximately 
15.9%  and  12.1%  respectively.    All  the 
other  industriesâ  contribution  lies  in  the 
range  0  to  10.    Refer  Table  17  and Figure 
20 . 
 
 	
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000	
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
58
Others	
373307
29885
10321
77679
31592 40681
24310
10850
90585 462662
249027
75166 208685
142797
20101 21654
67591
38902
13062 1070
87425
12552
80853
1277 31506 76354
Distribution of Gross Value Added (in  lakhs) in the factory sector by 2-digit
NIC 2008

56 	
Table 17: Distribution of Net Income of factories by major factory group at 2-digit NIC 	
2008 	
NIC 2 
digit  
Code 	Description 	
Net Income 
(Value In â¹ 	
Lakhs) 	
Percentage 
of Income 	
10 	 Manufacture of food products  	286086 	15.9 	
11 	Manufacture of beverages  	25926 	1.4 	
12 	 Manufacture of tobacco products  	10231 	0.6 	
13 	 Manufacture of textiles  	54292 	3.0 	
14 	 Manufacture of wearing apparel  	27756 	1.5 	
15 	 Manufacture of leather and related products  	32965 	1.8 	
16 	Manufacture of wood and products of wood 
and cork,except furniture ;manufacture of 
articles of straw and plaiting materials 	16996 	0.9 	
17 	 Manufacture of paper and paper products 	5510 	0.3 	
18 	 Printing and reproduction of recorded media  	71163 	4.0 	
19 	 Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum 
products 	350002 	19.5 	
20 	
 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical 
products  	217918 	12.1 	
21 	 Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal 
chemical and botanical products 	66143 	3.7 	
22 	 Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 	178881 	9.9 	
23 	 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral 
products 	111854 	6.2 	
24 	Manufacture of basic metals 	1967 	0.1 	
25 	 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, 
except machinery and equipment 	16279 	0.9 	
26 	 Manufacture of computer, electronic and 
optical products 	57032 	3.2 	
27 	 Manufacture of electrical equipment  	31264 	1.7 	
28 	
 Manufacture of machinery and equipment 
n.e.c 	10883 	0.6 	
29 	 Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and 
semitrailers 	901 	0.1 	
30 	 Manufacture of other transport equipment  	96970 	5.4 	
31 	 Manufacture of furniture  	9384 	0.5 	
32 	 Other manufacturing  	52902 	2.9 	
33 	
 Repair and installation of machinery and 
equipment 	504 	0.0 	
58 	 Publishing activities  	25311 	1.4 	
Others 	40198 	2.2 	
  	Total 	1799319 	100

Figure 20 
 

Gross  Fixed  Capital  Formation  is  measured 
by  the  total  value  of  a  producerâs 
acquisitions,  less  disposals,  of  fixed  assets 
during  the  accounting  period  plus  certain 
specified expenditure on services that adds to  the  value  of  non-produced  assets.  The 
highest  GFCF  is  recorded  by  coke  and 
refined  petroleum  products  manufacturing 
industries  (39.1  %  of  state  value)  followed 
by  food  manufacturing  industry  with 
13.34%.      The  Table  18  and Figure  21  
illustrates the same.   
 
 	
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000	
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
58
Others	
286086
25926
10231
54292
27756
32965
16996
5510 71163
350002
217918
66143
178881
111854
1967 16279
57032
31264
10883
901
96970
9384 52902
504 25311
40198
Distribution of Income (in lakhs) in the factory sector by 2-digit
NIC 2008Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF)

58 	
Table 18: Distribution of Gross Fixed Capital Formation of factories by major factory 	
group at 2-digit NIC 2008 	
 	
NIC 2 
digit  
Code 	
Description 	
GFCF 	
(Value in â¹ 	
Lakhs) 	
Percentage of 	
GFCF 	
10 	 Manufacture of food products  	64793 	13.34 	
11 	Manufacture of beverages  	2642  0.54 	
12 	 Manufacture of tobacco products  	15 	0.00 	
13 	 Manufacture of textiles  	28173  5.80 	
14 	 Manufacture of wearing apparel  	5661 	1.17 	
15 	 Manufacture of leather and related products  	7720  1.59 	
16 	Manufacture of wood and products of wood and 
cork ,except furniture ;manufacture of articles of 
straw and plaiting materials 	
3543 	0.73 	
17 	 Manufacture of paper and paper products 	3547  0.73 	
18 	 Printing and reproduction of recorded media  	14940 	3.08 	
19 	 Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum 
products 	189724  39.07 	
20 	 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical 
products  	14675 	3.02 	
21 	 Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal 
chemical and botanical products 	8042  1.66 	
22 	 Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 	33625 	6.92 	
23 	 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral 
products 	37966  7.82 	
24 	Manufacture of basic metals 	14595 	3.01 	
25 	 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, 
except machinery and equipment 	4950  1.02 	
26 	 Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical 
products 	9288 	1.91 	
27 	 Manufacture of electrical equipment  	4002  0.82 	
28 	 Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c 	688 	0.14 	
29 	 Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and 
semitrailers 	86  0.02 	
30 	 Manufacture of other transport equipment  	8526 	1.76 	
31 	 Manufacture of furniture  	1019  0.21 	
32 	 Other manufacturing  	2760 	0.57 	
33 	 Repair and installation of machinery and 
equipment 	122  0.03 	
58 	 Publishing activities  	13631 	2.81 	
 	Others 	10848  2.23 	
 	Total 	485582 	100.00

Figure 21 
 
 
Number of persons engaged 
The  number  of  persons  engaged  means  all 
persons engaged by the factory whether for 
wages  or  not  connected  directly  or 
indirectly  with  the  manufacturing  process 
and  includes  all  administrative,  technical 
and clerical staffs and labour in production 
of  capital  assets  for  factoryâs  own  use.   The  factories  manufacturing  food  products 
employs  highest  number  of  employees  of 
about  98,598  (30.4%  of  state  value)  and 
the  least  by  repair  and  installation  of 
machinery and equipment industry with a a 
count  of  296.  Table  19  and Figure  22  
depicts  the  number  of  persons  engaged  in 
different  categories  of  manufacturing 
sector in the state.  
 	
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
110000
120000
130000
140000
150000
160000
170000
180000
190000	
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
58
Others	
64793
2642
15
28173
5661
7720
3543
3547 14940
189724
14675
8042
3362537966
14595
4950 9288
4002
688
86
8526
1019 2760
122 13631
10848
 Distribution of GFCF (in  lakhs) of the factory sector by 2-digit
NIC 2008

60 	
Table 19: Distribution of number of persons engaged in factories by major factory group  	
by 2-digit NIC 2008 	
 	
NIC 2 
digit  
Code 	Description 	
 No.of 
persons 
engaged 	
percentage 
of persons 
engaged 	
10 	 Manufacture of food products  	98598 	30.4 	
11 	Manufacture of beverages  	3396 	1.0 	
12 	 Manufacture of tobacco products  	14375 	4.4 	
13 	 Manufacture of textiles  	25724 	7.9 	
14 	 Manufacture of wearing apparel  	9546 	2.9 	
15 	 Manufacture of leather and related products  	11436 	3.5 	
16 	
Manufacture of wood and products of wood and 
cork, except furniture ;manufacture of articles of 
straw and plaiting materials 	8346 	2.6 	
17 	 Manufacture of paper and paper products 	3866 	1.2 	
18 	 Printing and reproduction of recorded media  	6185 	1.9 	
19 	 Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products 	7880 	2.4 	
20 	 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products  	11385 	3.5 	
21 	
 Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal 
chemical and botanical products 	9950 	3.1 	
22 	 Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 	25890 	8.0 	
23 	 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products 	20616 	6.3 	
24 	Manufacture of basic metals 	4405 	1.4 	
25 	
 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except 
machinery and equipment 	5096 	1.6 	
26 	
 Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical 
products 	6565 	2.0 	
27 	 Manufacture of electrical equipment  	6097 	1.9 	
28 	 Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c 	2633 	0.8 	
29 	
 Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and 
semitrailers 	374 	0.1 	
30 	 Manufacture of other transport equipment  	5879 	1.8 	
31 	 Manufacture of furniture  	3123 	1.0 	
32 	 Other manufacturing  	3996 	1.2 	
33 	 Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 	296 	0.1 	
58 	 Publishing activities  	2361 	0.7 	
Others 	26754 	8.2 	
  	Total 	324773 	100

Figure 22 	
 
 
 
 	
************ 	
98598	
3396	
14375	
25724	
9546	
11436	
8346	
3866	
6185	
7880	
11385	
9950	
25890	
20616	
4405	
5096	
6565	
6097	
2633	
374	
5879	
3123	
3996	
296	
2361	
26754	
0	
20000
40000
60000
80000	
100000
120000	
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
58	
�2t�Kers	
D i s t r i b u t i o n   o f   n u m b e r   o f   p e r s o n s   e n g a g e d   i n   f a c t o r y  	
s e c t o r   b y   2 - d i g i t   N I C   2 0 0 8

ANNUAL TRENDS IN INDUSTRIAL 	
STATISTICS	 	
 	
CHAPTER 5 
 
A  Comparative  Study  Of  Principal 
Characteristics  Of  Survey  Estimates  over  a 
period of 7 years.

64 	
 	
nalysing and tracking the annual 
trend  in  the  industrial  statistics 
over a period of time is essential  	
for  the  promotion  of  manufacturing  sector.  
Surveys  play  a  significant  role  in 
unravelling  the  rationale  behind  the 
fluctuations  in  the  statistics  and  serve  as  an 	
aid  for  prediction  and  setting 
developmental strategy for further progress. 
Attempts  have  been  made  in  this  section  to 
bring  forth  the  annual  trends  in  some 
significant  characteristics  of  manufacturing 
sector from 2011-12 to 2017-18.    	
 	
Table 20: Distribution of significant characteristics of organised manufacturing sector of 	
state from 2011-12 to 2017-18 	
Sl. 
No. 	
 	
Characteristics 	
Financial Year (Values in 	lakhs unless otherwise mentioned) 	
2011-12  2012-13  2013-14  2014-15  2015-16  2016-17  2017-18 	
1 	
Number of 
Factories  7021  7129  7132  7295  7584  7982  7596 	
2  Fixed Capital  1559998  1793601  2454515  3312566  4069375  4784549  4369284 
3 	
Invested 
Capital  2955044  3254204  4042414  4804167  5717150  6547340  6194820 	
4  Total Output  10986032  12064788  13573186  14237493  12052212  13942718  16556578 
5  Total Input  9803836  10774729  12014395  12680764  10237768  11643987  14256475 
6 	
Gross Value 
Added (GVA)  1182196  1290059  1558791  1556729  1814445  2298731  2279897 	
7 	
Gross Fixed 
Capital 
Formation 
(GFCF)   214086  294297  802434  662239  947818  1154951  485582 	
8 	
Net Value 
Added (NVA)  1024346  1128481  1370155  1315095  1568912  2047964  1987576 	
9  Net Income  919956  1009353  1235082  1092333  1377101  1863677  1799319 
10  Profit  313490  381847  573135  319992  509639  1043683  884010

The  survey  results  show  increase  in  the 
estimated  number  of  factories  over  the 
period  2011-12  to  2016-17  while  the 
number  decreased  by  386  in  2017-18 
when compared to the previous year (	see 	
Figure  23	).    The  fixed  capital  and 	
invested  capital  shows  an  increasing 
trend  from  2011-12  to  2016-17  but  the 
year  2017-18  records  a  drop  in  these 
capitals (	refer Figure 24	). 	
 	
Figure 23	 	
 	
Figure 24 	
2011-12, 	
7021	
2012-13, 7129	
2013-14, 	
7132	
2014-15, 	
7295	
2015-16, 	
7584	
2016-17, 7982	
2017-18, 	
7596	
Year wise distribution  of number of factories in organised 	
manufacturing sector	
1559998	
1793601	
2454515	
3312566	
4069375	
4784549	
4369284	
2955044	
3254204	
4042414	
4804167	
5717150	
6547340	
6194820	
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000	
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18	
Year wise distribution of fixed capital and invested capital           	
(in 	lakhs )	
Fixed
Capital
Invested
Capital

66 	
 	
Apart  from  this,  data  reveals  an 
increasing trend in the input and output 
of  manufacturing  sector  from  2011-12 	
to  2014-15  which  declines  in  2015-16 
and regain the increasing trend for next 
two financial years. 	
 	
Figure 25	 	
The  net  income  and  profit  shows  an 
increasing  trend  during  2011-2012  to 
2013-14 which dropped in 2014-15 and 
again  an  increasing  trend  is  noticed 	
during 2015-16 to 2016-2017.    	Figure 	
26 	shows  the  fluctuations  of  the  same 	
over the years.  	
 	
Figure 26 	
10986032	
12064788	
13573186	
14237493	
12052212	
13942718	
16556578	
9803836	
10774729	
12014395	
12680764	
10237768	
11643987	
14256475	
0 5000000 10000000 15000000 20000000	
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18	
Year wise distribution of input and output (in 	lakhs) of manufacturing 	
sector	
 Input
Output	
0	
200000
400000
600000
800000	
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000	
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18	
919956	
1009353	
1235082	
1092333	
1377101	
1863677	
1799319	
313490	
381847	
573135	
319992	
509639	
1043683	
884010	
Ye ar w is e  d is tr ibu ti on  of  ne t  inc ome  an d  pr of it   ( in 	l akhs )  of  	
or ga nis ed  ma nuf ac tu rin g  se ct or	
Net Income	Profit

67 	
 
A  noticeable  spike  in  Gross  Fixed 
Capital  Formation  (GFCF)  is  seen 
during  2013-14 and 2016-17  while a 	
sharp  decline  is  seen  in  2017-18.  
The  trend  of  GFCF  is  illustrated  in 
Figure 27. 	
 	
Figure 27  	
 	
A  slight  decline  of  Gross  Value  Added 
(GVA)  in  production  is  observed  in 
2014-15  and  2017-18.    The  GVA  has 
dropped  from	  22,  98,731  lakhs  to	
  22,  79,897  lakhs  in  2017-18.   	Figure 	
28	  depicts  a vivid  picture  of  the  trend  in 	
GVA over a period of 7 years.  	
 	
214086	
294297	
802434	
662239	
947818	
1154951	
485582	
0	
200000
400000
600000
800000	
1000000
1200000
1400000	
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18	
Annual Trend of Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF	
)	
(	in 	lakhs)

Figure 28 	
 	
The  growth  rate  of  some 
characteristics  were  analysed  during 
two successive financial years 2016-17 
and  2017-18.    The  figures  show 
negative  growth  rates  in  number  of 
factories,  fixed  capital,  invested 
capital,  GVA,  GFCF,  net  income  and 
profit. The number of factories decline 
by  4.84%. 	    The  fixed  capital  and 	
invested  capital  shows  a  negative 
growth rate of -8.68 % and  -5.38 % 	
respectively.	  The  Gross  Value  Added 	
(GVA)  of  production  declined  by 
0.82%  in  2017-18.    Figures  reveal  a 
huge  negative  growth  rate  of  57.96% 
of  GFCF  in  2017-18.    Apart  from  this 
estimates  show  a  growth  rate  of 
18.87%  in  output  and  22.44%  in 
output  of  the  manufacturing  sector. 
The  net  income  and  profit  dropped  by 
3.45% and 15.39 % respectively.   	
 	
1182196	
1290059	
1558791	
1556729	
1814445	
2298731	
2279897	
0	
500000	
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000	
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18	
GVA (in 	lakhs)	
Financial Year	
Gross Value Added (GVA) of organised manufacturing sector of 	
Kerala for 7 consecutive years

69 
 
 	
Table 21: Growth rate of significant characteristics of organised manufacturing sector 	
in two successive years 	
 	
Sl. No. 	Characteristics 
 	
Values in 	lakhs unless 	
otherwise mentioned	 	
percentage 
growth rate 
over 2016-17 	2016-17 	2017-18 	
1 	Number of Factories  7982  7596  -4.84 	
2 	Fixed Capital 	4784549 	4369284 	-8.68 	
3 	Invested Capital  6547340  6194820  -5.38 	
4 	Total Output 	13942718 	16556578 	18.75 	
5 	Total Input  11643987  14256475  22.44 	
6 	Gross Value Added (GVA) 	2298731 	2279897 	-0.82 	
7 	Gross Fixed Capital Formation 
(GFCF) 	1154951  485582  -57.96 	
8 	Net Value Added (NVA) 	2047964 	1987576 	-2.95 	
9 	Net Income  1863677  1799319  -3.45 	
10 	Profit 	1043683 	884010 	-15.30 	
 	
Analysing  the  magnitude  of 
employment, wage trends and gender 
based  participation  of  the  workers  is 
imperative  for  renewing  the 
employment  structure,  evolving  new 
wage  policies  and  ensuring  gender 
equality  in  manufacturing  sector.    In 
seven  consecutive  years  the  least 	
no.of  workers  is  recorded  in  the  year 
2017-18.  While a narrow increase in 
employees  other  than  workers  is 
observed  in  2017-18  compared  to 
previous  year.  The  number  of 
employees  from  unpaid  family 
member/proprietor  category  shows  a 
hike  in  the  year  2016-17  in  7

years.    The  total  number  of  persons 
engaged  in  factories  plummeted  in 
2016-17  (380901  in  2015-16  to 	
326644  in  2016-17)  which  again 
declined  in  2017-18  (324773)  (	see 	
Table 22	).   	
Table 22: Distribution of workers engaged in factories in the state. 	
 	
 	
The  workers  engaged  in  the 
factories are categorized as directly 
employed  and  employed  through 
contractors.  Among  the  directly 
employed,  female  participation 
decreased  from  66.2%  in  2011-12 
to  46.0  %  in  2017-18  whereas  the 
male  participation  has  increased 
from  33.8%  to  54.0%  (	see  Table 	
23	).  Compared  to  6  consecutive 	
years  the  year  2017-18  recorded 	
the  least  female-male  ratio  in 
directly  employed  workers.  The 
emoluments  paid  to  the  employees 
shows  an  increasing  trend  over  the 
years  2011-12  to  2015-16  while 
the total emoluments has decreased 
from       	8,67,462  lakhs  in  2015-	
16 to      	8,19,994 lakhs in 2016-	
17  but  in  2017-18  it  increased  to 	 	
9,15,447 (	see Table 24	).  	
 	
 	
 	
Persons  e ngage d 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
Workers 310398 302971 287071 294750 317472 259160 256090
Employees other than workers 51440 54175 58514 82641 61857 65021 67045
Unpaid family members/proprietor etc. 1407 786 1774 1943 1573 2463 1638
Total 363245 357932 347359 379334 380901 326644 324773	
70

Table 23: Gender based distribution of directly employed workers	 	
Directly 
employed 
workers 	
percentage of workers in 7 consecutive years 	
2011-12 	2012-13 	2013-14 	2014-15 	2015-16 	2016-17 	2017-18 	
Men 	33.8  37.7  39.5  40.9  50  52.1  54.0 	
Women 	66.2 	62.3 	60.5 	59.1 	50 	47.9 	46.0 	
 	
Table 24: Emoluments paid to the employees in organised manufacturing 	
sector 	 	
Financial year 	Wages and salaries including employees contribution 	
(value in 	 lakhs) 	
2011-12 	562506 	
2012-13 	627506 	
2013-14 	661948 	
2014-15 	781658 	
2015-16 	867462 	
2016-17 	819994 	
2017-18 	915447 	
 
 	
***********************

RURAL AND URBAN STATISTICS OF 	
MANUFACTURING SECTOR	 	
CHAPTER 6 
 
Overview  of  principal  characteristics  of  
manufacturing sector in the rural and urban areas

ocation of industries is one of the 
significant  factors  which  may 
have  favorable  and  adverse 	
impact  on  the  industrial  sector.    Field 
surveys  covering  different  types  of 
industries in rural and urban areas may shed 
light  on  the  need  for  an  industrial  policy 
that enhance the development of the sector 
in the backward areas. Attempts have been 
made  to  bring  forth  the  principal 	
characteristics  of  the  manufacturing  sector 
in rural and urban areas of the state.  

47% of industries are in urban area and 53% 

show  that  Ernakulam  with  highest  number 
of factories has 58% in rural area and 42% 
in urban area.    The district wise estimates 
of factories is illustrated in 	Table 25	. 	
 	
Table 25: District wise Distribution of factories in rural and urban areas 	
Districts	 	
 	
Number of factories 	
Rural  	Urban 	
Kasargod 	249  121 	
Kannur 	124 	584 	
Wayanad 	41  22 	
Kozhikode 	80 	420 	
Malappuram 	144  140 	
Palakkad 	314 	197 	
Thrissur 	294  558 	
Ernakulam 	848 	619 	
Idukki 	139  14 	
Kottayam 	221 	209 	
Alappuzha 	307  306 	
Pathanamthitta 	154 	54 	
Kollam 	970  134 	
Thiruvananthapuram 	140 	194 	
As per Annual Survey of industries about
in  rural  areas.       District  wise  estimates

Figure 29 	
 	
Apart  from  this  considering  the  principal 
characteristics,  fixed  capital  of  factory 
sector  in  rural  and  urban  areas  are 	8, 	
83,092  lakhs  and 	  34,  86,193  lakhs 	
respectively  whereas  invested  capital 
figures out 	to be 	 14, 51,297 lakhs and          	
  47,  43,523  lakhs.    The  input  of  factory 
sector  in    rural  and  urban  areas  are   	 	
34,81,685  lakhs    and 	  1,07,74,790  lakhs  	
whereas output is estimated at 	 42,00,294 	
lakhs and 	 1,23,56,285 lakhs respectively. 	
Figure 30   	
0100200300400500600700800900100011001200130014001500	
Kasargod	
Kannur	
Wayanad	
Kozhikode	
Malappuram	
Palakkad	
Thrissur	
Ernakulam	
Idukki	
Kottayam	
Alappuzha	
Pathanamthitta	
Kollam	
Thiruvananthapuram	
249	
124	
41	
80	
144	
314	
294	
848	
139	
221	
307	
154	
970	
140	
121	
584	
22	
420	
140	
197	
558	
619	
14	
209	
306	
54	
134	
194	
Districtwise distribution of number of factories in rural 	
and urban areas, 2017-18	
Rural	Urban	
Rural Urban	
883092	
3486193	
1451297	
4743523	
Distribution of fixed and invested capital of 	
manufacturing sector in rural and urban areas	
Fixed Capital
Invested Capital

The Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) 
in  rural  and  urban  factories  is  estimated  at       
1,41,371  lakhs  and 	3,44,211  lakhs 	
respectively.    As  per  survey  results  the  out 	
of  the  total    Gross  Value  Added  of  the 
production  of  manufacturing  sector  32%  is 
contributed  by  industries  in  rural  area  and 
68% by urban industries.   	
 	
Figure 31	
The number of persons engaged in factories 
in  rural  and  urban  areas  is  estimated  at 
160336 (49.3 % of state  value) and 164437 	
(50.6% of state value) respectively.  	Figure 	
32	 illustrate the same.  	
 	
 	
Figure 32 	
***************************** 	
160336	
164437	
158000
159000
160000
161000
162000
163000
164000
165000	
Rural Urban	
Number  of persons engaged in factories  in 	
rural and urban areas	
32%	
68%	
Distribution of Gross Value Added (GVA) of 	
manufacturing sector in rural and urban areas	
Rural
Urban

(a)
 The  entire  census  units  (i.e.  which  are  completely  enumerated,  say,  c)  of  a  State/UT 
plus  all  the  units  from  sub-sample  1(say,  n
1)  and  sub-sample  3(say,  n
3)  in  each
 
sample  stratum  of  the  State/UT,  for  which  data  is  collected  by  NSSO  (FOD)  and 
processed by IS WING, DPD, are treated as the  Central Sample for that State/UT.  
  (b) The  entire  census  units  of  a  State/UT  plus  all  the  units  from  sub-sample  2(say,  n2) 
and sub-sample 4 (say, n4) in  each sample stratum  of the State/UT, for which data is 
collected and processed by State/UT, are treated as the  State Sample. 
  (c) The  entire  census  units  of  a  State/UT  plus  all  the  units  under  the  4  sub-samples 
belonging to the State/UT are treated as the  Pooled Sample for that State/UT.  
 
For Census units : 
 
Step 1:  The multiplier for all the census units(say, c) are 1. 
 
For Sample units (i.e. which are surveyed through different sub-samples) : 
 
Step  2 :  For  the  purpose  of  calculation  of  multipliers  of  the  remaining  sample  units  (n
1+n
2+n
3+n
4)
 
belonging to 4 sub-samples, strata may be formed on the basis of  District x Sector x 3-digit 
Frame NIC. 
 
Step  3 :  Check  the  sub-sample  codes  (1/2/3/4),  provided  by  IS  WING,  DPD,  for  each  of  the  
(n 1+n
2+n
3+n
4) sample units (i.e. each unit will have one of the sub-sample codes 1,2,3 or 4). 
 
Step 4 : Get the frame size(for the sample sector), say N, for each of these sample strata, from the  
column âcap_nâ in the excel file named  â <statename>1516.xlsâ , provided by  IS WING, DPD in 
the CD . 
 
Step 5 : Calculate sub-sample wise multiplier in each sample stratum of ith district (say, m
ijk) m
ijk 
 
=  (N/n
ijk*)  ,  where  n
ijk*  ,  the  no.  of  sample  units  in  the  kth  sub-sample  of  jth  stratum  of  ith 
district,  to  be  obtained  for  each  sub-sample  by  counting  the  number  of  sample  units  with  status 
code (given in Block A item 12) 1,2,3,4,6,9. In this context, the treatment of different status code 
is as follows: 
�
 
 
  Working steps for Pooling of ASI data for ASI 
2017-18 
 
Pooling of central and state level ASI data for publishing district level estimates is an important 
activity that need to be performed by each State/UT. Following guidelines provide mechanism 
for pooling of state and central data at district level in ASI 
2017-18. 
 
As per ASI sampling design, adopted in ASI 201
7-1 8:

If A12=1,2,3 then the unit is treated as âSurveyed caseâ  
 
If A12=4,6,9 then the unit is treated as âZero caseâ  
 
If A12=5,7,8 then the unit is treated as âNon -responseâ  
  Note that 
 
a) A closed unit may be given status code as â2â (closed) if the closed factory has at least  
 
A,B,C and E block. 
 
b) An NOP unit may be given status  code as â3â (NOP) if the NOP factory  has at  least  A,B 
and C block. 
 
c) Non-response  units  (i.e.  units  with  status  code  5,7,8  in  current  year)  may  be  searched  in 
last year for imputation. If available as open unit(i.e. with status code 1) in last year , then 
all the blocks may be borrowed from last year and in that case the unit may be treated as 
surveyed unit. 
 
Only surveyed and zero cases are taken for calculating multiplier. That is, n ijk*, for each sub-
sample, will count only the surveyed and zero cases of that sub-sample. 
 
Step  6 :  The  unit  wise  data  for  estimating  the  parameters  for  c  census  units  and  (n
1+n
3)  sample
 
units  pertaining  to  central  sample  will  be  provided  by  IS  WING,  DPD.  The  individual  State/UT 
need  to  determine  the  unit  wise  parameters  for  (n 2+n
4)  sample  units  using  the  data  collected  by 
them  (on  the  basis  of  state  sample).  In  all  cases  the  parameters  are  to  be  calculated  as  per  the 
tabulation programme given. 
 
Step 7 : Let y
ilc
 = observed value of parameter y from  l-th census unit in i-th district. (To be 
 
calculated from the data supplied by IS WING, DPD.  
is  the observed value of parameter y from 
lth
 sample unit belonging to k th
 sub-sample of j th
 
 
stratum of ith district. Here,           values for k=1 and 3 (i.e., sub-sample 1 and 3) are to be 
 
 
c alculated from the data supplied by IS WING, DPDand for k=2 and 4 ((i.e., sub-sample 2 and 4) 
are to be calculated from the data collected by the State/UT following instruction manual. 
  Step 8 :   Pooled stratum level estimator  
 
Pooled   estimator  for  j - th  stratum  of  the  ith  district  from  k - th  sub - sample(say,   )=  
  ,  k=1,2,3,4  
 
where   is the multiplier of k - th sub - sample in j - th stratum of ith district (obtained as per step  
5).          
Next, 
pooled estimator of parameter y for j- th stratum of ith district (say, S
ij) =   
  ,
 
   
 
where n (â¤ 4) is number of non
-void subsamples in j-th stratum. While calculating the pooled

estimates, please keep in mind the value of ânâ. The value of ânâ will be decided on the basis of 
non
-void sub-samples. 
Pooled estimator of variance of the parameter y for j-th  stratum of ith district (say,V
ij)=
 
 
 
  where,    
=   (Note that, S	ij =   
)              
 
             
               
Step 9 :   Pooled District level estimator              
Pooled estimator of parameter y for i - th district  (say, T
i ) =  	
S    +   y c  	. The 1	st  part i.e.,	 
              ij     il     
              j      
l      
S  , will come from stratum - level figure for ith district and the 2 nd  	
part, i.e.,	 
y c  
,  will come  
ij                  
il   
j                 
l  
 
 
from census units for i-th district. 
 
Estimator of Variance of the pooled estimator of parameter y for i-th  district (say, D
i) = 
 
V
ij 
j 
 
Estimator  of  the  Relative  Standard  Error  (RSE)  of  the  pooled  estimator  of  parameter  y  for  i-th 
district 
=  [(âD
i)/T
i]Ã100. 
 
Step 10 : Pooled State level estimator 
 
 
Finally,  pooled estimator of parameter y for the state  (say, T)=  T
i 
and the pooled estimator 
 
i 
of variance of parameter y for the state (say, D) will be  D
i  
. 
 
 
i 
 
Estimator of the Relative Standard Error (RSE) of the pooled estimator of parameter y for the state = 
[(âD)/T]Ã100.  
 
 
Note: In the above, any parameter y stands for total of that parameter.

sample for the s-th stratum in the i-th state. 
 Estimation  formula  for any char acteristics  of the enterprise for  the sampl e  sector  of t he 
i-th state is: 	
13	
13 13
1111 1 1,3
1,3	ËË ËË
[]	is isee
C is
i is kis k is is ism
skks s m
ism
m	E
Yy yYYY
e	
ï½ï½ï½ï½ ï½ ï½
ï½
ï©ï¹
ïªïº ï©ï¹
ï¢ ï½ï« ï½ï«ï½
ïªïº ï«ï»
ïªïº
ï«ï»	
ï¥ï¥ï¥ï¥ ï¥ï¥ ï¥	â¦â¦.. (1) 
    where superscript âCâ in 	
ËC iYï¢	stands for central sample. 
 
The formula for corresponding sub-sample wise estimates  for the sample sector of the i-
th state is:  
 
 
  1 Notations: 
  
i = subsc ript for i-th state. 
s = subscript f o
r s-th stratum in the i-th state. 
m = subscript for sub-sample (m =1, 2, 3, 4) [m=1 and 3 for central and 2 and 4 for state]. 
k = subscript for k-th sample enterp rise under a particular stratum.  
E = total number of factory  in the sample sector in a stratum.  
e  = num ber  of factories surveyed out of total num ber  of fa ctory  in  the  sample s ector  in a 
stratum.  
x, y = observed value of characteristics  x, y  under estimation. 
 = estimate of population total X, Y for the characteristics  x,  y.  
 
Under the above symbols,  
 
Y	
ismk	 = observed value of the characteristic y for th e k-th enterprise belonging to the m-th sub-	
XË, YË	
 
(a) Formulae for estimation of aggregates
 for a state based on central sample:  
 
 
  	
Annual Survey of Industries  1

11	
Ë	isme
C is
im ism k
sk ism	E
Yy
e	
ï½ï½
ï© ï¹
ï¢ ï½
ïª ïº
ï« ï»	ï¥ï¥	,  m= 1,3.   .........................      (1.1) 
 
 
If 	
iY ï¢ï¢
Ë	  be the corresponding estim ate  for that 
characteristic  of  the enterprise for  the 
census  sector   of the i-th state, th en  the estim ate  fo r  that ch aracteristic  of the enterprise 
for  the i-th state  as a whole based on the central sample is given by:  
 
                   	
ËCYi	= 	ËC iYï¢	 + 	iY
ï¢ï¢
Ë	         ...........................  (2) 
 
The estimate of the characteristic of  the enterprise for all-India will be: 
         	
ËËCC i
iYY ï½	ï¥	         .......................................             (3) 
(b)  Formulae for estimation of aggregates  for a state based on state sample:  
 
Estimation formula for any characteristics of the enterp rise  for the sample sector of the i-
th state  based on state sample  is: 	
24	
24 24
1111 12,4
2,4	ËËËË []	is isee
S is
i is k is k is is ism
skks sm ism
m	E
YyyYYY
e	
ï½ï½ï½ï½ ï½ï½
ï½
ï©ï¹
ïªïº ï©ï¹
ï¢ ï½ï«ï½ï«ï½
ïªïº ï«ï»
ïªïº
ï«ï»	
ï¥ï¥ï¥ï¥ ï¥ï¥ ï¥	  ......      (4) 
where superscript âSâ in 	
ËS iYï¢	stands for state sample. 
The formula for sub-sample wise estimates  for the sample se ctor of the i-th sta te based 
on state sample  is:  
               	
11	
Ë	isme
S is
im ism k
sk ism	E
Yy
e	
ï½ï½
ï©ï¹
ï¢ ï½
ïªïº
ï«ï»	ï¥ï¥	,  m= 2,4.   .........................      (4.1) 
  
Using 	
iY ï¢ï¢
Ë	  as the correspon ding  estimate  for that
  characteristic  of the enterprise for  the 
census  sector   of the i-th state, th en  the estim ate  fo r  that ch aracteristic  of the enterprise 
for  the i-th state  as a whole based on the state sample is given by:  
 
                   	
ËSYi	= 	ËS iYï¢	 + 	iY
ï¢ï¢
Ë	         ...........................  (5) 
 
(c)  Formulae for estimation of aggregates  for a state based on pooled sample: 
  Estimation formula for any characteristics of the enterp rise  for the sample sector of the i-
th state  based on pooled sample (i.e., central and state combined)  is: 
  
4
4
111
1	Ë []	isme
P is
i ism k
smk ism
m	E
Yy
e	
ï½ï½ï½
ï½
ï©ï¹
ïªïº
ï¢ ïªïº
ï½
ïªïº
ïªïº
ï«ï»	
ï¥ï¥ï¥ï¥	  .........................      (6) 	
                    
    	
 89 	Annual Survey of Industries

Using 	iYï¢ï¢
Ë	  as the correspon ding  estimate  for that
  characteristic  of the enterprise for  the
census  sector   of the i-th state, th en  the estim ate  fo r  that ch aracteristic  of the enterprise 
for  the i-th state  as a whole based on the pooled sample is given by:  
    
  	
ËPYi	= 	ËP iYï¢	 + 	iY
ï¢ï¢
Ë	         ...........................  (7) 
 
The  above equations are given fo r  generating the estim ates  for the  State. However, sim ilar 
treatment may be given or sam e equations may be  used in g enerating the estimates at district 
level. 
 
Ë  and 	
XË  be the ov erall  estimate  of the aggregates Y and X for two 
characteristics  y and  x, respectively at the Stat e/ UT/ all-India level. 
Then the combined ratio estimate  ) Ë
( R of the ratio 	
)(
X
Y
R ï½ will be obtained as  
                                   	
X
Y
�5 Ë
Ë
Ë ï½	
.   	
Ë:  The variance is to be obtained for the sample 
sector units only. The estimated variances of the  estimates at state level will be as follows: 
         	
ï¥ï½	
s isi	
YraVYraV
)
Ë
(
Ë
)
Ë
(
Ë	      ..................................     (8) 
             The sampling variance based on central Samples is: 
 
                   	
)
Ë
(
ËiYraV	= 	2
13	ËË
{( ) / 2}is is
sYY ï	ï¥	        â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦  (9.1) 
             The sampling variance based on state Samples is: 
 
                   	
)
Ë
(
ËiYraV	= 	2
24	ËË
{( ) / 2}is is
sYY ï	ï¥	        â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦  (9.2) 
For generating estimates of vari ance for the pooled sample is: 
 
    	
4 2
1	1
ËËË
Ë () ( )
12	iismis
sm	Var Y Y Y	ï½	ï½ï	ï¥ï¥	, where 	4
1	1
ËË
4	is ism
mYY	ï½	ï½	ï¥	....(9.3) 
 
For all-India, the estimated variances of the es timates of different types will be as follows: 
 
                      	
ï¥ï½	
i i	
YraVYraV
)
Ë
(
Ë
)
Ë
(
Ë	         â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦..            (10) 
 AII.4.2 
Estimates of Ratios : 
  Let  Y
 
AII.4.3  Estimates of Error for Aggregate	
Y	
 	
Annual Survey of Industries

Ë: 
 
For 	
RË	 at
 all-India based on centr al sample (i.e. sub-sample 1 and 3) is, 
 	
ïï	)
Ë
(
ËË
)
Ë
,
Ë
(
Ë
Ë
2)
Ë
(
Ë
)
Ë
( 1
)
Ë
(
Ë	2
2	XVRYXvCoRYV
X
RESM
ï«
ï
ï½	  â¦â¦â¦..  (11) 	
22 2
2 1,3 1,3 1,3	1
ËË ËËËË ËË Ë Ë
()2()( ) ( )
Ë	CC C C
sm s sm s sm s sm s
sm m m	YY RYYX XR X X
X	ï½ï½ ï½	
ï©ï¹
ï½ïïïïï«ï ïªïº
ï«ï»	ï¥ï¥ ï¥ ï¥	â¦(11.1) 
where 	
1,3	
1
ËË
2	C
s sm
mYY	
ï½	
ï½	ï¥	and 	
1,3	
1
ËË
2	C
s sm
mX X	
ï½	
ï½	ï¥	 
 
For 	
R Ë	 at
 state level from central sample (i.e., fo r i-th state based on central sample), 
 	
2
2	1
Ë ËËËËËËËËË
Ë
() ()2 ( ,) ( )
Ë
()	ii iii i i
i	M SE R V Y R Cov X Y R V X
X ï©ï¹
ï½ï ï«
ï«ï»	  â¦â¦  (12) 	
22 2
2 1,3 1,3 1,3	1
ËË Ë ËËË ËË Ë Ë
()2()( )( )
Ë	CC C C
ism is i ism is ism is i ism is
sm m m
i	YY RYYX XR X X
X	ï½ï½ ï½
ï©ï¹
ï½ïïïïï«ï ïªïº
ï«ï»	ï¥ï¥ ï¥ ï¥	â¦(12.1)  
where 	
1,3	
1
ËË
2	C
is ism
mYY	
ï½	
ï½	ï¥	and 	
1,3	
1
ËË
2	C
is ism
mX X	
ï½	
ï½	ï¥	 
   
For 	
RË	 at
 state level from state sample, 
 	
22 2
2 2,4 2,4 2,4	1
Ë ËËËËËË ËËËËË
() ( ) 2 ( )( ) ( )
Ë	SS S S
i ism is ism is ism is ism is
sm m m
i	MSE R Y Y R Y Y X X R X X
X	ï½ï½ ï½
ï©ï¹
ï½ïïïïï«ï ïªïº
ï«ï»	ï¥ï¥ ï¥ ï¥	â¦(12.2)  
where 	
2,4	
1
ËË
2	S
is ism
mYY	
ï½	
ï½	ï¥	and 	
2,4	
1
ËË
2	S
is ism
mX X	
ï½	
ï½	ï¥	 
 
For 	
R Ë	 at
 all-India based on pooled sample (i .e. sub-samples 1, 2, 3 and 4) is, 
 	
44 4
22 2
2 11 1	1
Ë ËË ËËËËË ËË ËË
() ( ) 2 ( )( ) ( )
Ë
12	sm s sm s sm s sm s
sm m m	MSE RY Y R Y Y X X R X X
X	ï½ï½ ï½	
ï©ï¹
ï½ï ïïï ï«ï
ïªïº
ï«ï»	ï¥ï¥ ï¥ ï¥	,....(13) 
where 	
ËË ,sm smYX ï½	estimate of aggregate of characteris tic Y,  X of m-th sub-sample in the s-th 
stratum  and 	
4
1	1
ËË
4	s sm
mYY	
ï½	
ï½	ï¥	. 
 
AII.4.4 For ratio 	
R	
                        
Annual Survey of Industries

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�Ö �Ö
�Ö
�Ö
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ï´ï½
Y YraV
YESR	      â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦  (9) 
       	
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ï´ï½
R RESM
RESR	   â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦.     (13) 
formula for sub-sample wise multiplier
 	formula for combined sample multiplier	 	
ism ise
E	,   m = 1, 2, 3 or 4.	 	
is ise
E	, 	
4
1
is ism
m	
ee	
ï½	
ï½ï¥	 	
stratum.  This may occur in one sub-sample or  more subsamples. If it relates to only one sub-
AII.4.5 
Estimates of RSE :  
 
 
AII.4.6  Multipliers for enterprises : 
  
        The formulae for multipliers for a stratum are given below: 
  
 
AII.4.7.2    Imputation  of  data  from past  survey  for casua lty  units:  In  case  any un its  in the 
census  sector becom es  casualty, infor mation  in respect o f  all the ch aracteristics  may  be 
borrowed  from  the previous year, if   available,   for the census sector units belonging to that 
post-survey stratum of State By District By 4- Digit of NIC. Sometimes, this is a lso followed 
in  case of sam ple  units which are casualty but   information  on various characteristics for 
previous year of those units is available. 
 
AII.4.7.3  While counting the number of units surveyed ( e	
ism	)  in the m -th  sub-sample of   a 
stratum,  all the units with su rvey  codes 1 to 9 in Item  12,  Block A excluding the casualty 
cases will be considered.   
 
   
 
AII.4.7 
Treatment for surveyed cases and casualty cases : 
 
AII.4.7.1  Casualty cases : The casualty case may occur in cases where the unit is existing but 
non-response  due to closure and ow ner/occupier  is  not traceable (code  5), non-response due 
to  production  not yet started or acco un ting  year not closed d uring  the y ear (code  7) or non-
response  due to other reasons [ incl.  relevant  records are with court/Incom e  tax or 
recalcitrant/refuse  to subm it  the return depa rtment,  etc, or factory under prosecution in 
respect of earlier ASI] (code 8). Thus, the units  with survey codes 5, 7 and 8 as per Item  12, 
Block A are treated as casualties.  Moreover, if  for the units that are found âclosedâ or âNOPâ, 
the  relevant  information  are  not ava ilable,  thos e  will be tr eated  as  casualty  in coun ting  the 
number of surveyed units ( e	
ism	).   
AII.4.8   Treatment in cases of void strata 
 
AII.4.8.1    A stratum   may  be void because of th e  casualty  of all the units belong ing  to the  
  	
Annual Survey of Industries

sample,  then  estimate  for  the  void  stratum  may  be r eplaced  with the   estimate  as  obtained 
from  the other sub- sample  for  the  same  stratum  separately for central and s tate.  All th e 
various cases are discussed below: 
 
 
Case (I): Sample sector is voi d, but Census sector is not void :  
The  estimated  figures in respect of all the ch aracteristics  obtained  for  the census s ector 
may be assumed to hold good for each of the un its in the sample sector and accord ingly, 
the  estimate  for the sam ple  sector may be obtai ned.   For example, if there are n units in 
the  sample  sector in a p articular  stratum,  th en  the estim ated  figure per census units (i.e., 
average  figures)  for  a ch aracteristic  will be   multiplied  by n   to obtain th e  estimate  for  the  
sample sector in that stratum. 
 
Case (II): Both the Sample sector and Census sector are void :  
The stratum may be merged with the nearest  stratum looking into the description of the 4-
digit NIC activity, or else it could be m erged  with the 4-digit NIC activity âothers â within 
that 4-digit NIC group. 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
AII.4.8.2      When  a  stratum  is  void  in  the  sub-
samples  1  and  3,  the  following  procedure  is 
recommended: 
AII.4.8.3    The treatm ent will be  similar if the stratum is void  in the sub-samples 2 and 4 to 
generate  estimate  from the state sample. If only  one  sub-sample (out of sub-sam ple  2 and 4) 
is void, then estimate for the void stratum may be  replaced with the estimate as obtained from 
the  other sub-sam ple  for the sam e  stratum  as  is  mentioned  in earlier paragraph. It m ay  be 
possible that in a particular stratum, sub-samp les 1 and 3 are void but sub-samples 2 and 4 are 
not void or conversely sub-sam ples 1 and 3 are  not void but sub-samples 2 and 4 are void. In 
the  former  case  merging  of stratum m ay  be required in generating central sam ple  estimates 
while that is not required in generating estim ates  from state sample. In the later case m erging 
of  stratum  is required in generating state sam p le  estimate  while m erging  is not re quired  in 
generating  estimates  from  central sam ple.  In   such cases for generating pooled estim ate, 
merging  is also not required.  The  stratum  merging  in gen era ting  pooled estim ate  is required 
only when all the four sub-sam p les in a s tratum are void. The same merging principle, which 
is mentioned in earlier paragraph, is to be followed in such cases.  
                     	
 93	     Annual Survey of Industries

ASI Sch edule   20 1 7 - 1 8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
 
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     CONFIDENTIAL  
Government of India  
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation  
Return under Collection of Statistics   Act, 2008   as amended in 2017   and rules framed there u nder in 2011  
Annual Survey of Industries 20 1 7 - 20 1 8   (Part  â I)   
  (Please read the instructions before filling the return )  
 
 
Block B:  P articulars of the factory ( to be filled by owner of the factory )  
1. Name and address of the Industrial undertaking:  
 
 
 
 
  1.1 Vill./Town:  
 
1.2 District name:  
 
1.3 State nam e:  
1.4 PIN Code               
2.  T ype of organisation ( code )    
3.  Corporate   Identification Number (CIN)  
4. Whether the unit has ISO Certification, 14000 Series  
                                                                                             ( yes - 1 , no - 2)    
5 .    Y ear of initial production           
6 .  A ccounting year ( ...........    to  ............ )           to  
       
7 .  N umber of months of operation    
8 .  Whether the share capital of the company includes share of foreign 
entities                                                                               ( yes - 1, no - 2)    
9 .  Any R&D unit in your factory?     
  (yes & registered with DST/DBT - 1,    yes & registered with others - 2, 
no - 3)     
1 0 . D etails of contact 
person   i)  N ame & designation :      
ii) Tele (with STD   code)  
iii) FAX no .    
iv) E - mail    
 
 
 
 
DECLARATION  
I hereby declare that information furnished in this return is correct and complete to the best of my knowledge and belief.  
Date :  
Place :                                                                                                                                                                                            ( Name and  Signature of owner with stamp)  
 Block A:  I dentification particulars ( )    
1.  S chedule  D espatch (DSL)  N o.              
2. PSL  N o.            
3.  S cheme code ( nsus - 1 ,  S ample - 2 )    
4.   I ndustry code as per frame  
       ( 4 - digit level of NIC - 200 8 )          
5.  I ndustry code as per return  
       ( 5 - digit level of NIC - 200 8 )            
6.  D escription of  I ndustry :    
7.  S tate  C ode      
8.  D istrict  C ode       
9.   S ector ( - 1, U rban - 2 )     
10 .   RO /SRO code          
11.    N o. of  U nits    
12.   S tatus of  U nit ( ode )

ASI Sch edule   20 1 7 - 1 8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
 
  
 
 
Block C:  FIXED ASSETS                                                                                                                                                                  
Sl. 
No.   Type   of  
A ssets   G ross value (Rs.) D epreciation (Rs.) N et value (Rs.)  
O pening 
as on  
-   -   -   -   A ddition during the year   D eduction 
& 
adjustment  
during the 
year   C losing 
as on  
-   -   -   -  
 
(cols. 
3+4+5 - 6)   U p to year 
beginning   P rovi -
ded 
during 
the 
year   A djustment 
for sold/  
discarded 
during the 
year   U p to 
year end  
 
 
(cols. 
8+9  - 10)   O pening 
as on  
 
-   -   -   -   -  
(col s . 3 -  
8)   C losing 
as on  
 
-   -   -   -   -   -  
(col s . 7 -  
11)  D ue to 
revaluation   A ctual 
addition s  
(1)   (2)   (3)   (4)   (5)   (6)   (7)   (8)   (9)   (10)   (11)   (12)   (13)  
1.   L and                        
2.   B uilding                        
3.   P lant &  
M achinery                        
4.   T ransport 
equipment                         
5.   C omputer 
equipment 
including  
software                        
6.   P ollution 
control 
equipment / 
Environment 
improvement 
equipment                        
7.   O thers                        
8.  
S ub - total   
(items 2 to 
7)                        
9.   C apital work 
in progress                        
10.  
T otal   
(items 
1+8+9)                        
                                          DSL   No                  PSL No

ASI Sch edule   20 1 7 - 1 8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
 
  
 
Block D:  WORKING CAPITAL AND LOANS       
Sl. No.  
I tems   O pening (Rs.) C losing (Rs.)  
(1)   (2)   (3)   (4)  
1.   R aw  Materials & C omponents and  P acking materials      
2.   F uels &  L ubricants      
3.   S pares,  S tores & others      
4.  
S ub - total (items 1 to 3)    
5.   S emi - finished goods/work in progress      
6.   F inished goods      
7.  
T otal inventory ( items 4 to 6)      
8.   C ash in  H and   &   at  B ank  
   
9.   S undry  D ebtors  
   
10.   O ther current assets  
   
11.  
T otal current assets   (items 7 to 10)      
1 2.   Sundry C reditors      
13.   O ver draft,   cash credit,   other short term loan from banks &  
other financial institutions      
14.   O ther current liabilities  
   
15.  
T otal current liabilities (items 12 to 14)      
16.  
Working C apital (item 11 - item 15)*      
17.   O utstand ing loans (excluding interest but including deposits)**      
Note:  
          * Give reasons in the footnote for negative values and abnormal verification in opening and closing values.  
          ** If outstanding loans include interest, a footnote may be given  
 
 
       
DSL   No               PSL No

ASI Sch edule   20 1 7 - 1 8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
 
                                                 
 
Block E:  EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR COST    
Sl. 
No.  
C ategory of staff   M an - days worked   A verage  
number of 
persons worked   N o. of 
mandays 
paid for   W ages/ 
salaries   
(in Rs.)  M anu -
fact uring   N on  
M anufacturing   T otal  
1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8  
Part A: D etails for each category of staff    
1.   M ale workers employed directly                  
2 .   F emale workers employed directly              
3 .  
S ub - total     (items 1  + 2 )              
4 .   W orkers employed through 
contractors              
5 .  
T otal workers (items  3   +  4 )              
6 .   S upervisory & managerial staff              
7 .   O ther employees              
8 .   U npaid family members/ 
proprietor/ coop. members              
9 .   T otal employees  
(items  5 + 6 + 7 + 8 )              
Part B: S ome details for all categories of   staff combined    
10 .   B onus (in Rs.)    
11 .   C ontribution to provident & other funds (in Rs.)       
12 .   Workme n & staff welfare expenses (in Rs.)    
13 .   N umber of working days   (i)  M anufacturing days    
(ii) N on - manufacturing days    
(iii) T otal   ( i+ ii)    
1 4 .   T otal cost of production (in Rs.)  
[entry in col .   8 of item  9 ,   10 ,     11 , and  12 , block E + entry in col .   3 of item  1, 2(i), 2(ii), 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ,    8,   9 & 10, block 
F + entry in col. 6 of item 23 of block H + entry in col .   6 of item 7, block I]    
 
    DSL   No               PSL No

ASI Sch edule   20 1 7 - 1 8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
 
                        
   
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  DSL   No               PSL No            
  Block F : OTHER EXPENSES  
Sl. No.   Items   Expenditure 
(in Rs.)  
(1)     (2)     (3)    
 
O  
T  
H  
E  
R  
 
 
I  
N  
P  
U  
T  
  1.   Work done by others on materials supplied by the 
industrial undertaking    
2.   Repair & maintenance of     
                            (i)  Bui ldings and other construction    
                            (ii) Other fixed assets    
3.   Operating expenses    
4.   Expenses on raw materials and other components for 
own construction    
5.   Insurance charges    
6.   Rent paid for plant & machinery and other fi xed assets    
7.   Expenses on Research & Development (R&D)
 
  8.   Rent paid for buildings    
9.   Rent paid for land on lease or royalties on mines, 
quarries and similar assets    
10.   Interest paid    
11.   Purchase value of goods sold in the same condition as 
p urchased       Block G: OTHER OUTPUT/RECEIPTS  
Sl. No.   Items   Receipts  
  (in Rs.)  
(1)     (2)     (3)    
 
O  
T  
H  
E  
R  
 
O  
U  
T  
P  
U  
T  
  1.   Receipts  from  manufacturing  services  (including 
work  done  for  others  on   materials  supplied  by 
them and sale value of waste left by   the party )    
2.   Receipts  from  non - manufacturing  services 
(including non - industrial services)  
3.   Value of electricity generated and sold    
4.   Value of own construction    
5.   Net balance of goods sold in the same condition 
as purchased.  
  (item 11 of bl ock G  minus   item 11 of block F)    
6.   Rent received for plant & machinery and other 
fixed assets    
7.   Variation in stock of semi - finished goods   
(col.4  minus   col 3 against item 5 in block D)  
  8.   Rent received for buildings    
9.   Rent received for land o n lease or royalties on 
mines, quarries and similar assets    
10.   Interest received    
11.   Sale value of goods sold in the same condition as 
purchased    
12.   Other production  subsidies

ASI Sch edule   20 1 7 - 1 8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
 
  
 
Block H:  I ndigenous   input  items consumed   (if needed, additional sheets may be used for  recording  input items with serial nos. starting from 25)  
Sl. 
No.   I tem description   I tem code  
( NPC - MS )   U nit of quantity   Q uantity consumed   P urchase value  
( in Rs.)   R ate per unit (in Rs.)
(1)     (2)     (3)     (4)     (5)     (6)     (7)    
  M ajor ten basic items (indigenous)          
1.                
2.                
3.                
4.                
5.                
6.                
7.                
8.                
9.                
10.                
11.   O ther basic items (indigenous) *   99201 00  
         
12.  
T otal basic items   
(items 1 to 11)   99901 00          
13.   N on - basic chemicals  â    
all kinds   99203 00          
14.   P acking items   99908 00          
15.   E lectricity own generated   99904 00   KWH        
16.   E lectricity purchased & consumed   99905 00   KWH        
17.   P etrol, diesel, oil, lubricants 
consumed   99906 00          
18.   C oal consumed   99907 00   Tonne        
19   G as  consumed   99909 00   KG        
20.   O ther fuel consumed   99204 00          
21.   C onsumable store   99220 00          
22.   T otal non - basic items  
(items 13 to 21 )   99920 00          
23.  
T otal inputs (items 12+ 22) 99930 00          
24.   A ny additional requirement of 
electricity (unmet demand)   9999999   KWH  
     
*  F ull description of  items   not in  NPC - MS 201 1 (Revised) :  
  DSL   No               PSL No

ASI Sch edule   20 1 7 - 1 8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
 
  
  Block I:   I mported input items consumed  -   directly only  (if needed, additional sheets may be used for recording input items with serial nos. starting   from 8)
Sl. 
No.   I tem description  
( M ajor five imported 
items)   I tem code  
( NPC - MS )   U nit of quantity   Q uantity consumed   P urchase value (in Rs.) R ate per unit (in Rs.)
(1)     (2)     (3)     (4)     (5)     (6)     (7)    
1.                
2.                
3.                
4.                
5.                
6.     O ther  imported  items    99221 00  
       
7.    
T otal  imports 
(consumed) (items 1 to 6)   99940 00          
 
 
Block J:  P roducts and by - products manufactured by the unit   (if needed, additional sheets may be used for recording output items with serial nos. starting from 14)       
Sl. 
No.   P rodu cts/ B y -
products description   
( F irst  ten  major 
items as per value  -  
no brand name)   I tem code 
( NPC -
MS )   U nit of 
quantity   Q uantity 
manu -
factured   Q uantity 
sold   G ross sale 
value (Rs)    D istributive expenses (Rs.)   P er unit net 
sale value 
(Rs. 0.00)  
(col. 7 - [col. 
8 +col. 
9+col.10 -
col.11 ] )   
Ã· col. 6   E x - factory 
value of  
quantity  
manufactured   
(Rs.)   (col.12Ã 
col.5)Goods 
and 
Services 
Tax  
(GST)   Excise 
Duty/ Sales 
Tax/VAT/  
Other  
Taxes, if 
any    Other 
Distributive 
Expenses   Subsidy   
( - )  
(1)     (2)     (3)     (4)     (5)     (6)     (7)     (8)     (9)     (10)     (11)     (12)     (13)  
1.                            
2.                            
3.                            
4.                            
5.                            
6.                            
7.                            
8.                            
9.                            
10.                            
11.   Other products/  
  by - products*   9921100                      
12.   Total ( items 1 to 11)
9995000                      
13.     Share (%) of produc ts/by - products directly exported       
* Full description of items not in NPC - MS 201 1 (Revised)    
DSL   No                
PSL No            
DSL   No               PSL No

ASI Sch edule   20 1 7 - 1 8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
 
      
 
 
Block K:  I nformation and  C ommunication technology (ICT) 
usage     B lock L:  E nergy  C onservation (EC) measures  
Sl. No.  
  ICT indicato r   yes - 1, no - 2  
    Sl. No.   EC indicator  
  yes - 1, no - 2  
 
1.   Did  the  factory  use  computer/s  during  FY 
201 7 - 1 8 ?      
H ave  any measures been taken during  
l ast financial year with regard to:    
2.   D id  the  factory  use  the  internet  during  FY 
2017 - 18 ?      
3.   Did the fact ory have a website as on the date 
of survey?        
4.   D id the factory receive orders via the internet 
during FY  2017 - 18 ?       1.   E lectrical saving?     
5.   D id  the  factory  place  orders  for  business 
purpose via the internet during FY  2017 - 18 ?       2.   C oal saving?    
6.   D id  the  factory  connect  to  the  internet  either 
by  a.  Narrowband  or  b.  Fixed  broadband  or 
c. Mobile broadband during FY  2017 - 18 ?       3.   O il saving?  
 
7.   D oes  the  factory   ha ve   a  local  area  network  
(LAN) as on the date of survey ?       4.   G as saving?  
   
 
FOR OF FICIAL  USE ONLY  
  Block M :   P articulars of field operations  
1.   N ame of  Superintending Officer       5.   Date of receipt from factory    
2.   S ignature of  Superintending Officer     6.   D ate of verification/compilation    
3.   N ame  & Desig nation   of   Scruti nising 
O ffi cer     7.   D ate(s) of scrutiny    
4.   S ignature of  Scrutinising Officer       8.   D ate of despatch    
 
Block N :   C omments of  Superintending Officer/Scrutinising  O fficer  
 
Note:  Reasons  for  negative  working capital  and for  any  abnormal  values  or  entries  (high  or  low)  in  resp ect  to  important  characteristics 
(Such  as  GVA,  working  capital,  wage  rate,  number  of  workers,  distributive  expenses,  depreciation  etc.)  should  be  given  invari ably.  For 
instance  the  reasons  for  high  GVA  could  be  increased  demand/production,  profit,  govt.  su bsidy;  or  for  low  GVA,  the  reasons  could  be 
decreased  demand/production,  capacity  under - utilization,  high  input  cost  etc.  similarly  reasons  for  any  abnormal  values  of  certain 
important ratios eg. Ratio of output to input, ratio of depreciation/distributive   expenses to output etc should be given.   
Please refer to detailed instruction s   also for further guidance.    
DSL   No               PSL No

Concepts, Definitions and Procedures
  
 
Important concepts and definitions used in ASI are explained below. 
 
1.
   A  number  of  accounting,  economic  and  other  terms  related  to  the  factories  are  used  in 
conduct  of  Annual  Survey  of  Industries.  For  proper  assessment  and  interpretation  of  ASI  data , 
those are given below.        
6.
     Manufacturing  Process:  This  is  as  per  Section  2(k)  of  the  Factories  Act,  1948,  and 
briefly mentioned in Section 1.   
7.
     Gross Value of Plant and Machinery:  Gross value of plant and machinery represents 
the  total  original  (un-depreciated)  value  of  installed  plant  and  machinery  as  at  the  end  of  the 
accounting year. It includes the book value of own constructed plant and machinery, if installed, 
and  the  approximate  value  of  rented-in  plant  and  machinery  as  at  the  time  of  renting  in  but 
excludes the value of rented-out plant and machinery. Total value of all the plant and machinery 
acquired  on  hire-purchase  basis  is  also  included.  Thus  it  represents  the  gross  value  of  plant  and 
machinery engaged in production process.    Annexure-
5
 
 
2.     Accounting Year:  For the purpose of ASI, the accounting year is the period on which 
the factory closes its books of account. With the enactment of Income Tax Act, by and large, the 
accounting year of all factories is from April to March. 
 
3.     Reference  Period:  It  is  corresponds  to  the  financial  year.  For  example,  for  ASI  201 7-
31.
03. 20 18.
8 4.     Survey  Period W��dZ�ï¿½ÂµÅÃÃ�â°Å]}�(}Å���^�/�Ã®Ã¬Ã 7rÃ®Ã¬Ã 8�]ï¿½�(Å}u�Ãï¿½Å¡  January�Ã®Ã¬Ã9�Å¡}� 31st 
May �Ã®Ã¬Ã9X�
 
5.      Factory  (a s per  the  Factory  Act  1948):  Factory  is  one,  which  is  registered  under 
Sections  2m(i)  and  2m(ii)  of  the  Factories  Act,  1948.  The  Sections  2m(i)  and  2m(ii)  refer  to  any 
premises  including  the  precinct  thereof    (i)  wherein  ten  or  more  workers  are  working,  or  were 
working  on  any  day  of  the  preceding  twelve  months,  and  in  any  part  of  which  a  manufacturing 
process  is  being  carried  on  with  the  aid  of  power,  or  is  ordinarily  so  carried  on,  or  (ii)  wherein 
twenty  or  more  workers  are  working,  or  were  working  on  any  day  of  the  preceding  twelve 
months  and  in  any  part  of  which  a  manufacturing  process  is  being  carried  on  without  the  aid  of 
power, or is ordinarily so carried on. Closed factories with fixed assets on site are also considered 
as  registered  factories  till  they  are  de-registered  and  removed  from  the  live-register  maintained 
by the Chief Inspector of Factories (CIF) in the State. 
201 8  the  reference  period  is  the  financial  year  commencing  from  1 st  April  201 7  and  ending  on 
31 st March 201 8 or  the accounting year of the factory ending on any date between 0 1.04. 20 17  to

8.
     Fixed  Capital:  Fixed  Capital  represents  the  depreciated  value  of  fixed  assets  owned 
by  the  factory  as  on  the  closing  day  of  the  accounting  year.  Fixed  assets  are  those,  which  have 
normal productive life of more than one year. Fixed capital covers all type of assets, new or used 
or  own  constructed,  deployed  for  productions,  transportation,  living  or  recreational  facilities, 
hospitals,  schools,  etc.  for  factory  personnel.  It  would  include  land,  building,  plant  and 
machinery,  transport  equipment  etc.  It  includes  the  fixed  assets  of  the  head  office  allocable  to 
the  factory  and  also  the  full  value  of  assets  taken  on  hire-purchase  basis  (Whether  fully  paid  or 
not)  excluding  interest  element.  It  excludes  intangible  assets  and  assets  solely  used  for  post-
manufacturing activities such as, sale, storage, distribution, etc. 
 
9.      Depreciation:  Depreciation is consumption of fixed capital by the factory due to wear 
and  tear  and  obsolescence  during  the  accounting  year  and  is  taken  as  provided  by  the  factory 
owner,  or  if  not  provided  by  the  factory  this  is  estimated  on  the  basis  of  cost  of  installation  and 
working life of the fixed assets. 
 
10.    Finished Goods:  Finished Goods are those, which are manufactured by the factory for 
sale. Finished goods should conform to a prescribed standard. 
 
11.    Physical  Working  Capital:  This  is  defined  to  include  all  physical  inventories  owned, 
held  or  controlled  by  the  factory  as  on  the  closing  day  of  the  accounting  year  such  as  the 
materials, fuels and lubricants, stores, etc. that enter into products manufactured by the factory 
itself  or  supplied  by  the  factory  to  others  for  processing.  Physical  working  capital  also  includes 
the value of stock of materials, fuels and stores etc. purchased expressly for re-sale, semi-finished 
goods and goods- in-process on account of others and goods made by the factory which are ready 
for  sale  at  the  end  of  the  accounting  year.  However,  it  does  not  include  the  stock  of  the 
materials,  fuels,  stores,  etc.  supplied  by  others  to  the  factory  for  processing.  Finished  goods 
processed  by  others  from  raw  materials  supplied  by  the  factory  and  held  by  them  are  included 
and finished goods processed by the factory from raw materials supplied by others, are excluded. 
 
12.    Working  Capital:  Working  Capital  is  the  sum  total  of  the  physical  working  capital  as 
already  defined  above  and  the  cash  deposits  in  hand  and  at  bank,  land,  the  net  balance  of 
amounts receivable over amounts payable at the end of the accounting year. Amounts receivable 
include value of credit items on revenue account, such as sums due to the factory for goods sold, 
amounts  advanced  in  connection  with  normal  factory  work,  bills  of  exchange  payable  to  the 
factory,  payments  made  in  advance  such  as  for  fire  insurance,  telephone  charges,  rates  and 
taxes,  call  deposits  and  security  deposits  having  a  normal  life  of  less  than  one  year,  etc.  It 
excludes  unused  overdraft  facility,  fixed  deposits  irrespective  of  duration,  advances  for 
acquisition of fixed assets, long-term loans including interest thereon and investment.   
 
13.     Invested  Capital:  Invested  capital  is  the  total  of  fixed  capital  and  physical  workin g 
capital. 
 
14.     Productive Capital:  This is the total of fixed capital and working capital. 
 
15.     Outstanding  Loans:  Outstanding  loans  represent  all  loans,  whether  short-term  or 
long-term, whether interest bearing or not, outstanding according to the books of the factory as 
on the closing day of accounting year.

16.
    Contract  Worker:  All  persons  who  are  not  employed  directly  by  an  employer  but 
through the third agency, i.e. contractor, are termed as contract workers. Those workers may be 
employed with or without the knowledge of the principal employer.     
  17.     Employees:  Employees  relate  to  all  persons  engaged  by  the  factory  whether  for 
wages  or  not,  in  work  connected  directly  or  indirectly  with  the  manufacturing  process  and 
include all administrative, technical and clerical staff as also labour in production of capital assets 
for factoryâs own use. This is inclusive of persons holding position of supervision or management 
or  engaged  in  administrative  office,  store-keeping  section  and  welfare  section,  watch  and  ward 
staff,  sales  department  as  also  those  engaged  in  the  purchase  of  raw  materials  etc.  and 
production of fixed assets for the factory. It also includes all working proprietors and their family 
members  who  are  actively  engaged  in  the  work  of  the  factory  even  without  any  pay  and  the 
unpaid  members  of  the  co-operative  societies  who  work  in  or  for  the  factory  in  any  direct  and 
productive capacity. Persons in the head office connected with the manufacturing activity of the 
factory are also included in this item. 
 
18.     Labour  Turnover:  Labour  turnover  measures  the  extent  of  change  in  the  working 
force due to accession and separation during a given period.  The term âaccessionâ was defined as 
the  total  number  of  workers  added  to  employment  during  the  period,  whether  new  or  re-
employed or transferred from other establishments or units under the same management. Inter-
departmental  transfers  within  the  same  establishment  are,  however  ignored.  The  term 
âseparationâ  implies  termination  of  employment  at  the  instance  of  worker  or  employers.  It 
includes termination of services due to death or retirement. As in the case of accession, transfers 
to  other  establishments  are  included  but  transfers  within  the  same  establishment  are  ignored. 
Retrenchment  as  a  result  o f rationalization  or  modernization  or  any  other  cause,  is  also  treated 
as separation.  
 
19.     Wages: Wages are defined to include all remuneration capable of being expressed in 
monetary  terms  and  also  payable/paid  more  or  less  regularly  in  each  pay  period  to  workers 
(defined above) as compensation for work done during the accounting year. It  includes: 
 
(i)  Direct  wages  and  salary  (i.e.  basic  wages/salaries,  payment  of  overtime,  dearness, 
compensatory, house rent and other allowances); 
 
(ii)  Remuneration  for  period  not  worked  (i.e.  basic  wages),  salaries  and  allowances  payable  for 
leave  period,  paid  holidays,  lay-off  payments  and  compensation  for  unemployment  (if  not  paid 
from source other than employers); 
 
(iii)  Bonus  and  ex-gratia  payment  paid  both  at  regular  and  less  frequent  intervals  (i.e.,  incentive 
bonuses  and  good  attendance  bonuses,  production  bonuses,  profit  sharing  bonuses,  festival  or 
yearend bonuses etc.).  
 
It excludes  layoff payments and compensation for employment except where such payments are 
for  this  purpose,  i.e.,  payments  not  made  by  the  employer.  It  excludes employerâs  contribution 
to  old  age  benefits  and  other  social  security  charges,  direct  expenditure  on  maternity  benefits 
and  creches  and  other  group  benefit  in  kind  and  travelling  and  other  expenditure  incurred  for 
business  purposes  and  reimbursed  by  the  employer.  The  wages  are  expressed  in  terms  of  gross 
value,  i.e.,  before  deductions  for  fines,  damages,  taxes,  provident  fund,  employeeâs  state 
insurance contribution etc. Benefits in kind (perquisites) of individual nature are only  included.

20.
    Bonus: Profit sharing bonus, festival bonus, year-end bonus, and all other bonuses 
and ex-gratia payments paid at less frequent intervals are covered by this term. 
 
21.     Workmen  and  Staff  Welfare  Expenses:  These  include  expenditure  incurred  by  the 
employer  on  the  maternity  benefits  and  crÃ¨ches  and  other  benefits  such  as  supply  of  food, 
beverages,  tobacco,  clothing  and  group  lodging  at  confessional  rates  and  educational,  cultural 
and  recreational  facilities  and  services  and  grants  to  trade  unions  and  cooperative  stores  meant 
for employees. All group benefits are included.  
 
22.     Emoluments:  These are defined in the same way as wages but paid to all employees 
plus  imputed  value  of  benefits  in  kind  i.e.  the  net  cost  to  the  employers  on  those  goods  and 
services provided to employees free of charge or at markedly reduced cost which are clearly and 
primarily of  benefit  to  the employees  as  consumers.  It  includes  profit  sharing,  festival  and  other 
bo nuses  and  ex-gratia  payments  paid  at  less  frequent  intervals  (i.e.  other  than  bonus  paid  more 
or  less  regularly  for  each  period).  Benefits  in  kind  include  supplies  or  services  rendered  such  as 
housing, medical, education and recreation facilities. Personal insurance, income tax, house rent 
allowance, conveyance etc. for payment by the factory also is included in the emoluments.  
 
23.     Supplements  to  Emoluments:  These  include:  (i)  e mployerâs  contribution  to  old  age 
benefits,  i.e.,  provident  fund,  pension,  gratuity,  etc.;  (ii)  e mployerâs  contribution  towards  other 
social  security  charges  such  as  Employeesâ  State  Insurance,  compensation  for  work  injuries, 
occupational diseases, maternity benefits, retrenchment and lay-off benefits etc.;  and (iii) group 
benefits  like  direct  expenditure  on  maternity,  crÃ¨ches,  canteen  facilities,  educational,  cultural 
and  recreational  facilities  and  grant  to  trade  unions,  co-operative  stores  etc.  meant  for 
employees.    
 
24 .    Compensation of Employees:  Compensation of employees is the total of emoluments 
and supplement to emoluments. 
 
25.     Mandays  Worked:  These  are  obtained  by  summing  up  the  number  of  mandays 
worked  by  persons  working  in  each  shift  over  all  the  shifts  on  all  days,  i.e.  both  manufacturing 
and  non-manufacturing  days.  This  figure  excludes  persons  who  are  paid  but  remain  on  leave, 
strike, etc. 
 
26.     Mandays Paid For:  The number of mandays paid for is arrived at by summing up the 
number  of  employees  paid  for  in  each  shift.  This  also  includes  mandays  on  weekly  schedul e 
holidays  if  paid  for  and  those  absences  with  pay  as  also  mandays  lost  through  lay  off/  strike  for 
which compensation was payable. 
 
27.     Working Day:  Working day means the days on which a manufacturing process and/ 
or repair or maintenance work was carried on. 
 
28.     Non-working  Day:  Apart  from  manufacturing  day  and  repair  and  maintenance  days 
there  may  be  some  non-working  days.  Non  working  days  are  those  days  on  which  the  workers 
give their attendance but due to non-availability of raw materials power etc. no effective work is 
done.  As  the  workers  are  paid  for  these  days  such  days  are  also  taken  into  account  for  the 
purpose of labour statistics.

29.   
Basic  Materials:  Basic  materials  are  the  materials  which  are  important  and  of  key 
nature  to  the  industry,  on  which  the  manufacturing  process  is  based,  viz.  metal  for  machine, 
leather for shoe. Such material is not lost through the process of production but only changes its 
forms. 
  30.    Consumable  Stores:  All  such  materials  which  assist  the  manufacturing  process  and 
loose  their  identity  without  entering  the  products  are  called  consumable  stores,  e.g.,  cotton 
waste. 
  31.    Fuel  Consumed:  Fuel  Consumed  represent  total  purchase  value  of  all  items  of  fuels, 
lubricants, electricity, water (purchased to make steam) etc. consumed by the factory during the 
accounting  year  except  those  which  directly  enter  into  products  as  materials  consumed.  It 
excludes  that  part  of  fuels,  which  is  produced  and  consumed  by  the  factory  in  manufacture  i.e., 
all intermediate products and also fuels consumed by employees as part of amenities. It includes 
quantities  acquired  and  consumed  from  allied  concerns,  their  book  value  being  taken  as  their 
purchase  value  and  also  the  quantities  consumed  in  production  of  machinery  or  other  capital 
items for factory's own use. 
 
32.     Materials  Consumed:  Materials  consumed  represent  the  total  delivered  value  of  all 
items  of  raw  materials,  components,  chemicals,  packing  materials  and  stores  which  actually 
entered into the production process of the factory during the accounting year. It also includes the 
cost  of  all  the  materials  used  in  the  production  of  fixed  assets,  including  construction  work  for 
factoryâs  own  use.  Components  and  accessories  fitted  as  purchased  with  the  finished  product 
during  the  accounting  year  are  also  to  be  included.  It  excludes  intermediate  products. 
Intermediate  products  in  the  above  context mean  all  those  products  which  are produced  by  the 
factory and consumed for further manufacturing process. 
 
33.     Total  Input:  This  comprises  gross  value  of  fuel  materials  etc.  consumed  (as  defined 
above)  and  also  other  inputs  viz.  (a) cost of  non-industrial  services received  from  others  (b)  cost 
of materials consumed for repair and maintenance of factoryâs fixed assets including cost of work 
don e  by  others  to  the  factoryâs  fixed  assets  (c)  cost  of  contract  and  commission  work  done  by 
others on materials supplied by the factory  (d) cost of office supplies and products reported for 
sale during last year & used for further manufacture during the accounting year.    
 
34.     Intermediate  Product:  Intermediate  Product  is  a  product  which  is  obtained  during  a 
manufacturing process, which may or may not be saleable and is not the intended final product. 
 
35.     Net  Value  of  Semi-Finished  Goods:  It  represents  the  excess/deficit  of  value  of  semi-
finished  goods  and/or  goods- in-process  at  the  end  of  the  accounting  year  over  that  at  the 
beginning of year. 
 
36.     Products:  These  are  defined  to  include  the  ex-factory  value  (i.e.  exclusive  of  taxes, 
duties  etc.  on  sale  and  inclusive  of  subsidies  etc.,  if  any)  of  all  products  and  by-products, 
excluding  intermediate  products,  that  have  been  completed  during  the  accounting  year  for  sale 
whether actually sold during the accounting year or entered into books. Also include fixed assets 
produced by the factory for its own use. 
  37.    Gross Output:  Gross output is defined to include the ex-factory value, (i.e., exclusive 
of  taxes,  duties,  etc.  on  sale  and  inclusive  of  subsidies  etc.,  if  any)  of  products  and  by-products

manufactured during the accounting year, and the net value of the semi-finished goods, work-
in-
process,  (represents  the  excess/deficit of  value of  semi-finished  goods  or  work- in-process  at  the 
end  of  the  accounting  year  over  that  of  the  beginning  of  the  year  plus  net  balance  of  semi-
finished  fixed  assets  on  factoryâs  capital  account)  and  also  the  receipts  for  industrial  and  non -
industrial  services  rendered  to  others,  value  of  semi-finished  goods  of  last  year  sold  in  the 
current year, sale value of goods sold in the same condition as purchased and value of electricity 
generated  and  sold.  Value  of  gross  output  and  total  output  has  been  used  in  the  text  inter-
changeable to mean the same thing. 
  38.    Industrial  Services:  Any  services  taken  or  rendered  from  one  to  another  unit 
resulting  in  increase  in  the  value  of  material  during  the  manufacturing  process  are  industrial 
services. 
  39.    Non-Industrial  Services:  All  such  services  which  do  not  have  a  direct  bearing  on  the 
manufacturing  process  but  are  needed  by  any  manufacturing  unit  are  called  non-industrial 
services, say, transport. 
  40.    Net  Value  Added:  This  is  the  increment  to  the  value  of  goods  and  services  that  is 
contributed  by  the  factory  and  is  obtained  by  deducting  the  value  of  total  inputs  and 
depreciation from gross value of output.

Description NIC-4 
digit Sector Remarks
0163 - Post-harvest crop activities
0163 F NIC 01632 is under coverage only.
0164 - Seed processing for propagation
0164 F NIC 01640 is under coverage only.
0893 - Extraction of salt
0893 F NIC 08932 is under coverage only.
1010 - Processing and preserving of meat
1010 F
1020 - Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs
1020 F
1030 - Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables
1030 F
1040 - Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats
1040 F
1050 - Manufacture of dairy products
1050 F
1061 - Manufacture of grain mill products
1061 F
1062 - Manufacture of starches and starch products
1062 F
1071 - Manufacture of bakery products
1071 F
1072 - Manufacture of sugar
1072 F
1073 - Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery
1073 F
1074 - Manufacture of macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar 
farinaceous products
1074 F
1075 - Manufacture of prepared meals and dishes
1075 F
1079 - Manufacture of other food products n.e.c.
1079 F
1080 - Manufacture of prepared animal feeds
1080 F
1101 - Distilling, rectifying and blending of spirits
1101 F
1102 - Manufacture of wines
1102 F
1103 - Manufacture of malt liquors and malt
1103 F
1104 - Manufacture of soft drinks; production of mineral waters and other 
bottled waters
1104 F
1200 - Manufacture of tobacco products
1200 B
1311 - Preparation and spinning of textile fibres
1311 F
1312 - Weaving of textiles
1312 F
1313 - Finishing of textiles
1313 F
1391 - Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics
1391 F
1392 - Manufacture of made-up textile articles, except apparel
1392 F
1393 - Manufacture of carpets and rugs
1393 F
1394 - Manufacture of cordage, rope, twine and netting
1394 F
1399 - Manufacture of other textiles n.e.c.
1399 F
1410 - Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel
1410 F
1420 - Manufacture of articles of fur
1420 F
1430 - Manufacture of knitted and crocheted apparel
1430 F
1511 - Tanning and dressing of leather; dressing and dyeing of fur
1511 F
1512 - Manufacture of luggage, handbags and the like, saddlery and 
harness
1512 F
1520 - Manufacture of footwear
1520 F
1610 - Sawmilling and planing of wood
1610 F
1621 - Manufacture of veneer sheets and wood-based panels
1621 F
1622 - Manufacture of builders' carpentry and joinery
1622 F
1623 - Manufacture of wooden containers
1623 F
1629 - Manufacture of other products of wood; manufacture of articles of 
cork, straw and plaiting materials
1629 FAnnexure -5 : List of NIC-2008 4-digit codes covered under ASI
108
| Annual Survey of Industries

Description NIC-4 
digit 1701 - Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard
1701 F
1702 - Manufacture of corrugated paper and paperboard and of containers 
of paper and paperboard
1702 F
1709 - Manufacture of other articles of paper and paperboard
1709 F
1811 - Printing
1811 F
1812 - Service activities related to printing
1812 F
1820 - Reproduction of recorded media
1820 F
1910 - Manufacture of coke oven products
1910 F
1920 - Manufacture of refined petroleum products
1920 F
2011 - Manufacture of basic chemicals
2011 F
2012 - Manufacture of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds
2012 F
2013 - Manufacture of plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms
2013 F
2021 - Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products
2021 F
2022 - Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink 
and mastics
2022 F
2023 - Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing 
preparations, perfumes and toilet preparations
2023 F
2029 - Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c.
2029 F
2030 - Manufacture of man-made fibres
2030 F
2100 - Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical 
products
2100 F
2211 - Manufacture of rubber tyres and tubes; retreading and rebuilding of 
rubber tyres
2211 F
2219 - Manufacture of other rubber products
2219 F
2220 - Manufacture of plastics products
2220 F
2310 - Manufacture of glass and glass products
2310 F
2391 - Manufacture of refractory products
2391 F
2392 - Manufacture of clay building materials
2392 F
2393 - Manufacture of other porcelain and ceramic products
2393 F
2394 - Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster
2394 F
2395 - Manufacture of articles of concrete, cement and plaster
2395 F
2396 - Cutting, shaping and finishing of stone
2396 F
2399 - Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products n.e.c.
2399 F
2410 - Manufacture of basic iron and steel
2410 F
2420 - Manufacture of basic precious and other non-ferrous metals
2420 F
2431 - Casting of iron and steel
2431 F
2432 - Casting of non-ferrous metals
2432 F
2511 - Manufacture of structural metal products
2511 F
2512 - Manufacture of tanks, reservoirs and containers of metal
2512 F
2513 - Manufacture of steam generators, except central heating hot water 
boilers
2513 F
2520 - Manufacture of weapons and ammunition
2520 F
2591 - Forging, pressing, stamping and roll-forming of metal; powder 
metallurgy
2591 FAnnexure -5 : List of NIC-2008 4-digit codes covered under ASI
Sector Remarks
 
109 | Annual Survey of Industries

Description NIC-4 
digit 2592 - Treatment and coating of metals; machining
2592 F
2593 - Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and general hardware
2593 F
2599 - Manufacture of other fabricated metal products n.e.c.
2599 F
2610 - Manufacture of electronic components and boards
2610 F
2620 - Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment
2620 F
2630 - Manufacture of communication equipment
2630 F
2640 - Manufacture of consumer electronics
2640 F
2651 - Manufacture of measuring, testing, navigating and control 
equipment
2651 F
2652 - Manufacture of watches and clocks
2652 F
2660 - Manufacture of irradiation, electromedical and electrotherapeutic 
equipment
2660 F
2670 - Manufacture of optical instruments and photographic equipment
2670 F
2680 - Manufacture of magnetic and optical media
2680 F
2710 - Manufacture of electric motors, generators, transformers and 
electricity distribution and control apparatus
2710 F
2720 - Manufacture of batteries and accumulators
2720 F
2731 - Manufacture of fibre optic cables
2731 F
2732 - Manufacture of other electronic and electric wires and cables
2732 F
2733 - Manufacture of wiring devices
2733 F
2740 - Manufacture of electric lighting equipment
2740 F
2750 - Manufacture of domestic appliances
2750 F
2790 - Manufacture of other electrical equipment
2790 F
2811 - Manufacture of engines and turbines, except aircraft, vehicle and 
cycle engines
2811 F
2812 - Manufacture of fluid power equipment
2812 F
2813 - Manufacture of other pumps, compressors, taps and valves
2813 F
2814 - Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements
2814 F
2815 - Manufacture of ovens, furnaces and furnace burners
2815 F
2816 - Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment
2816 F
2817 - Manufacture of office machinery and equipment (except computers 
and peripheral equipment)
2818 F
2819 - Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery
2819 F
2821 - Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery
2821 F
2822 - Manufacture of metal-forming machinery and machine tools
2822 F
2823 - Manufacture of machinery for metallurgy
2823 F
2824 - Manufacture of machinery for mining, quarrying and construction
2824 F
2825 - Manufacture of machinery for food, beverage and tobacco 
processing
2825 F
2826 - Manufacture of machinery for textile, apparel and leather 
production
2826 F
2829 - Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery
2829 F
2910 - Manufacture of motor vehicles
2910 FAnnexure - : List of NIC-2008 4-digit codes covered under ASI
Sector Remarks
 
110 | Annual Survey of Industries

Description NIC-4 
digit 2920 - Manufacture of bodies (coachwork) for motor vehicles; 
manufacture of trailers and semi-trailers
2920 F
2930 - Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles
2930 F
3011 - Building of ships and floating structures
3011 F
3012 - Building of pleasure and sporting boats
3012 F
3020 - Manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock
3020 F
3030 - Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery
3030 F
3040 - Manufacture of military fighting vehicles
3040 F
3091 - Manufacture of motorcycles
3091 F
3092 - Manufacture of bicycles and invalid carriages
3092 F
3099 - Manufacture of other transport equipment n.e.c.
3099 F
3100 - Manufacture of furniture
3100 F
3211 - Manufacture of jewellery and related articles
3211 F
3212 - Manufacture of imitation jewellery and related articles
3212 F
3220 - Manufacture of musical instruments
3220 F
3230 - Manufacture of sports goods
3230 F
3240 - Manufacture of games and toys
3240 F
3250 - Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies
3250 F
3290 - Other manufacturing n.e.c.
3290 F
3311 - Repair of fabricated metal products
3311 F
3312 - Repair of machinery
3312 F
3313 - Repair of electronic and optical equipment
3313 F
3314 - Repair of electrical equipment
3314 F
3315 - Repair of transport equipment, except motor vehicles
3315 F
3319 - Repair of other equipment
3319 F
3320 - Installation of industrial machinery and equipment
3320 F
3510 - Electric power generation, transmission and distribution
3510 E
3520 - Manufacture of gas; distribution of gaseous fuels through mains
3520 F
3530 - Steam and air conditioning supply
3530 F
3600 - Water collection, treatment and supply
3600 F
3700 - Sewerage
3700 F
3811 - Collection of non-hazardous waste
3811 F
3812 - Collection of hazardous waste
3812 F
3821 - Treatment and disposal of non-hazardous waste
3821 F
3822 - Treatment and disposal of hazardous waste
3822 F
3830 - Materials recovery
3830 F
4520 - Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles
4520 F
4540 - Sale, maintenance and repair of motorcycles and related parts and 
accessories
4540 F NIC 45403 is under coverage only.
5210 - Warehousing and storage
5210 F
5811 - Book publishing
5811 F
5812 - Publishing of directories and mailing lists
5812 F
5813 - Publishing of newspapers, journals and periodicals
5813 F
5819 - Other publishing activities
5819 FAnnexure  -5  :  List  of  NIC-2008  4-digit  codes  covered  under  ASI
Sector Remarks
 
11 | Annual Survey of Industries

Description NIC-4 
digit 5911 - Motion picture, video and television programme production 
activities
5911 F
5912 - Motion picture, video and television programme post-production 
activities
5912 F
5913 - Motion picture, video and television programme distribution 
activities
5913 F
5920 - Sound recording and music publishing activities
5920 F
7420 - Photographic activities
7420 F
8292 - Packaging activities
8292 F
9511 - Repair of computers and peripheral equipment
9511 F
9512 - Repair of communication equipment
9512 F
9521 - Repair of consumer electronics
9521 F
9522 - Repair of household appliances and home and garden equipment
9522 F
9523 - Repair of footwear and leather goods
9523 F
9524 - Repair of furniture and home furnishings
9524 F
9529 - Repair of other personal and household goods
9529 F
9601 - Washing and (dry-) cleaning of textile and fur products
9601 FAnnexure -5  : List of NIC-2008 4-digit codes covered under ASI
Sector Remarks
 
112 | Annual Survey of Industries

The Factories Act 	
1948	 
[63 of 	
1948]	 
  AIV.1 "F actory"  means  any premises  including  the precincts 	
thereof	 
  (i)  Wherein  ten  or  more  workers  are  working  or  were  working  on  any  day 	
of 
the  preceding    twelve    months,    and  in  any  part  of  which  a 	
manufacturing	  
process  is  being  carried  on  with  the  aid  of  power  or  is  ordinarily  so  carried 	
on,	 	
or,	 
  (ii)  Wherein  twenty  or  more  workers  are  working  or  were  working  on  any 	
day	 
of  the  preceding  twelve  months,  and  in  any  part  of  which  a 	
manufacturing	 
process  is being  carried  on  without  the  aid  of  power  or  is  ordinarily  so 	
carried	 
on,  but  does  not  include  a  mine  subject  to  the  operation  of  the  Mines 	
Act,	 
1952,  or  a  railway  running 	
shed.	 
  AIV.2  The  "M anufacturing  Process "  referred  to  above  has  been  defined  [vide 	
section	 	
2(k)]	 
in the Factories  Act, 	
1948	 	
as: 	"Any 	process	 	
for-	 
(i)      making,    altering,    ornamenting,    finishing,    packing,    oiling,   	
washing,	  
cleaning,  breaking  up,  demolishing  or  otherwise  treating  or  adapting  any 	
article	 
or  substance  with a view to its use , sale , transport , delivery  or disposal; 	
or,	 
(ii)    pumping  oil,  water  or  sewage 	
; 	
or,	 
(iii)  generating,  transforming  or  transmitting 	
power;	 	
or,	 
(iv) composing  types  for printing  by letter press,  lithography,  photogravure 	
or 
other  similar process  or book binding; 	
or,	 
 
(v) constructing,  reconstructing,  repairing,  refitting,  finishing  or breaking  up 	
ships	 
or 	
vessels.	 
(vi)  preserving  or  storing  any  article  in 	
cold	 	
storage"	 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[Abstract  from Factories  Act 1948 for 	
ASI]	 
 
 
 
 
 
Annual  Survey  of 	
Indus	tries

Government of Kerala	 	
Annual Survey of Industries 	
2017-18 	
Volume I	 	
Department of Economics and Statistics 	
Kerala 	
 	
Department of Economics and Statistics 	
Kerala 	
Email: ecostatdir@gmail.com, Phone: 0471 230531
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